Korolev and Yangel in the biographical book by Vladimir Gubarev. (Proletarian class approach, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the space project of the Ussr). Etude
Аннотация: Korolev and Yangel in the biographical book by Vladimir Gubarev. (Proletarian class approach, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the space project of the USSR). Etude.
Korolev and Yangel in the biographical book by Vladimir Gubarev. (Proletarian class approach, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the space project of the USSR). Etude.
Earlier we wrote: "Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth along a relatively low near-earth orbit. After the successful launch of the first man into space in 1961, the question of creating a heavy (interplanetary) rocket arose logically.
Such a works (a developments) were carring out by Sergei Korolev. After the success of 1961, orders for the creation of such missiles were distributed between Korolev, Chelomey, Yangel."
"The space sphere began to generate a space elite, which was nominated almost without the influence of party organs and which was receiving a resources, a power, and an immense popularity ... ... The political elite needs the DOSED, the moderate success in space. She doesn't need the new 1957 and 1961. She needs an international status and a good reputation, but without the new Korolevs and without the new Gagarins. She doesn't need new Korolevs and new Gagarins.
The gaining of state power by the Council of Chief Designers is too a dangerous and an uncomfortable situation."
"For Sergei Korolev, it was necessary to find competitors. As well, a controlled conflict could to help in a new situation. "
So, one of the participants in the failure in the "lunar race" of the mid-20th century is Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel.
Who is he, Yangel?
Surely there is detailed information about him in the book by Vladimir Stepanovich Gubarev "Unknown Yangel. Creator of "Satan" ".
After reviewing the list of works by Vladimir Gubarev, you can come to the conclusion that the accusations against thick magazines, and in general against Soviet and post-Soviet literature, because of their tendency to endlessly chew the same topics for 100 - 70 years, are wrong.
Vladimir Gubarev writes about the development of the North, about space achievements.
In this point you may involuntarily recall Valentina Tereshkova and her support for the 1977 "Brezhnev constitution".
Leonid Ilyich was a talented writer, he wrote several autobiographical works.
Some spiteful critics named specific names and pointed to specific individuals - those who allegedly wrote "Brezhnev's works"
If "invisible literary doubles" existed in reality, then how great was their contribution to the fall of the USSR, to the disillusionment of the population with the political regime and its leaders! ...
"And I thought: if the door opened now and Yangel entered, he would immediately become his own in the family of old pilots. After all, he belonged to their generation, who carried the history of the country on their shoulders.
That evening I realized: to write about Yangel means to talk about the fate of the country, about the millions of boys who went through the hardships of the 1920s, through the Komsomol youth, through the enthusiasm of the first five-year plans, through the storms of the war years. Boys who became academicians and generals, grain growers and steelworkers. The boys who raised their homeland to cosmic heights. " - this is how Vladimir Gubarev begins his book about Yangel.
It is clear that under the conditions of censorship, Vladimir Gubarev could not write that the space project of the USSR was the result of cultural development approximately from 1364. (1964 - 1364 = 600 years. 600 years of "Komsomol youth"?)
"They [the family of old pilots] did not know Mikhail Kuzmich, did not even meet with him, but nevertheless accepted him into their world, in which the past was so closely intertwined with the present."
And how would the old, honored combat pilots react to the appearance in their midst of a invisible double-author who wrote his books instead of Leonid Ilyich (if such a fact really took place in the history of literature)? Would they accept him into their world?
Our main interest, in this miniature, is aimed to the theme of "usage" of Mikhail Yangel as a competitor, "counterbalance" to Sergei Korolev.
So, we open the book by Vladimir Gubarev and begin to read it, looking forward to the meeting between Korolev and Yangel.
"Deputy Chief Designer, Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin and State Prize laureate I.F. Gerasyuta:
"For the first time I met with M.K. Yangel in 1948 in the design bureau of S.P. Korolev, when Mikhail Kuzmich was appointed Sergei Pavlovich's deputy for management. (...) I also remember the bright speeches of Mikhail Kuzmich at party meetings in [the design bureau of] the S.P. Korolev..."
On the appointment of M.K. Yangel's the deputy S.P. Korolev we learn not from the author of the book - Vladimir Gubarev - but from I.F. Gerasyuta ...
Then a leap after a few years: "By the beginning of the 50s, Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel became an experienced designer and a major production organizer. And therefore it is not at all accidental that he was next to Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. "
"N.I. Uriev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor:
"I first met Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel at the beginning of 1950. At that time, he was the head of the control systems department at the head research institute of the industry. (...)
Later, in 1952-1954, we met with him often. He was then already the chief engineer and director of the research institute ... "
So, a certain N.I. Uriev informs readers about M.K. Yangel.
"Dialogue with Yangel.
- Did your "rocket university" begin in the Korolev design bureau?
- Yes. After studying at the academy, I worked with Sergei Pavlovich. "
"I wonder if Sergei Pavlovich will be upset? Or maybe he will be delighted? In recent years, the relationship has not developed very smoothly. (...) A new direction in rocketry. He [Yangel] defended a new direction fervently. Perhaps that is why he was offered a design bureau in Dnepropetrovsk. (...) So, Korolyov will go his own way, and he, Yangel, needs to determine his own. "
So, "imperceptibly", the joint work of Korolev and Yangel at the same enterprise passed.
How did Soviet citizens form the opinion that other people allegedly wrote Brezhnev's books?
As for the relationship between Korolev and Yangel, we have at our disposal "Book 1. Rockets and People" by Boris Evseevich Chertok.
B.E. Chertok conveys the words of Sergei Korolev: "Your boss will be Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel. You do not know him. I don't know him either. I think that he will not be with us for long. In your affairs, he, in my opinion, does not understand anything, and has no our experience. But the man, apparently, is decent. Yangel was sent to us by Ustinov. "
B.E. Chertok continues: "Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel turned out to be my immediate superior. Some of the senior [political] leaders looked at him when, after working in the aviation industry, he graduated from the one-year course of the Industrial Academy, and recommended Ustinov to take him to the reserve for further promotion. "
How did M.K. Yangel from middle-level positions at an aircraft plant entered the one-year course of the Industrial Academy, and from there he moved to the "reserve" - it seems that neither the readers of Gubarev's book, nor the readers of Chertok's book can find the answer...
B.E. Chertok continues: "A year later, Yangel was transferred to the position of Deputy Chief Designer. Among other issues, Korolev entrusted him with design control over the serial production of the R-1 and R-2 in Dnepropetrovsk. (...) Unexpectedly for everyone, including Korolev, Yangel was appointed director of NII-88. "
B.E. Chertok delicately does not utter directly important words - the former subordinate of Korolev, Yangel, a new specialist in the field of rocketry and space, was appointed Korolev's chief.
Further B.E. Chertok writes: "Yangel, like almost every new leader who suddenly finds himself at the head of a powerful organization, decided to change methods, goals and structure in his own way. He set himself the goal of "re-educating" Korolev so that OKB-1 was for [worked in the interests of] NII-88, on the contrary Korolev demanded that the themes of NII-88 be subordinated to the tasks of OKB-1. (...) The ministry and the Central Committee made a compromise, and at the end of 1953 Yangel was transferred to the post of chief engineer, thereby relieving him of the right to command Korolov. After working for less than a year in this role, scattering his forces in the daily routine management activities, Yangel agreed to leave for Dnepropetrovsk. He was appointed chief designer of the Dnepropetrovsk design bureau. (...) Yangel began by developing the R-12 missile as a counterweight to the Korolev's R-5M. "
This unscrupulous, hostile, bandit, pirate action directed against Sergei Korolev is described in the book by Vladimir Gubarev with the phrase "In recent years, the relationship [between Korolev and Yangel] has not developed very smoothly."
For some reason, I personally recall the autobiographical works by Leonid Ilyich ...
Nevertheless, the following information seemed interesting to me in the book by Vladimir Gubarev:
"The passion for fishing is understandable, because Mikhail Kuzmich [Yangel] was born in Siberia, where it is unthinkable to live without fishing!
"Yanga is a ladle, ...an iron ladle, in which the Cossacks sometimes cook [fish] soup during a campaign," says Vladimir Dahl.
The Zaporozhye Cossacks named the persons responsible for ladles "yangals". This is the surname that Mikhail Kuzmich's grandfather bore.
The family lived in the Chernihiv region. Yes, the landowner was too cruel, he oppressed and mocked his serfs. Once Lavrenty could not stand it and rushed at the landowner with a sickle. The rebel was expelled to Eastern Siberia, a land that was distant at that time, an exile.
So Yangali became Siberians. And there the clerk, by negligence, changed "Yangal" to "Yangel". "
Another interesting book published by Vladimir Gubarev is "Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh. January 28 (February 10) 1911 - June 24, 1978 ".
For Sergei Korolev, the party bosses designed, created not only competitors (Yangel among them), but also a kind of "controllers" - those who evaluated Korolev's work as if from the outside.
In this regard, the personality of Vsevolod Keldysh is of interest.
Vladimir Gubarev writes: "It is believed that the surname Keldysh is Polish. This is partly true, since it refers to the Finno-Ugric languages. Yes, and today it is difficult to determine exactly who the children were by nationality ... ".
So, Vladimir Gubarev had a sufficient amount of information in order to make an important biographical generalization: Sergei Korolev, and Mikhail Yangel (and Vladimir Chelomey, and Valentin Glushko), and Mstislav Keldysh - and many other principal figures of the USSR space project - were born on territories that were previously part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rech Pospolita, Rzeczpospolita) (or they were connected by origin with these territories).
"And suddenly an April day comes, when the morning is necessarily with a bright, the sky is clear, the sun is bright, and there is immense joy in my soul, as if life begins anew. And you put on a tie, leave a bad mood at home, you smile to a something and go to the Kremlin ... You are happy because you always meet [in the Kremlin] friends, comrades, close and far acquaintances, but always very dear people ... "- Vladimir Gubarev characterizes the situation.
It is a pity that in the huge volume of numerous works of the brilliant Marx there is no mention of the East Republican space project.
In addition to the touching acceptance of Yangel into the world of old honored combat pilots, a quote from Marx would be very useful.
But even without a quotation from Marx, one must confidently follow the path of the proletarian class approach: "who was nothing, he (allegedly) will become everything."
[MMСXL. The original historical concept by Vladimir Zalessky "East-Republican Space Project and the Russial (Soviet) intelligentsia". - April 29, 2021.
MMСCXXXIX. Vladimir Chelomey and Sergei Korolev, participants in the scientific dispute (1933 - 1961). An essay on the history of Soviet cosmos. - June 25, 2021.
MMСCXL. The Communist Party and the Space Elite. The system of checks and balances - on the example of the Salyut-7 station. An essay on the history of Soviet cosmos. - June 26, 2021.
MMСCXLI. About Sergei Korolev and on the creation of manned orbital stations. An essay on the history of Soviet cosmos. - June 27, 2021.
MMСCXLVI. "A partitioning of the Russian people" and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. A historical essay. - June 30, 2021.
MMСCXLIX. Historical myths about the Commonwealth and the Livonian War. An essay. - July 2, 2021.].
July 5, 2021 07:20
Translation from Russian into English: July 5, 2021 09:52.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский "Королёв и Янгель в биографической книге Владимира Губарева. (Пролетарский классовый подход, Речь Посполитая и космический проект СССР). Этюд".