|
|
||
Редакция - Р. Луценко |
The Infinitive
The Forms of the Infinitive
|
Active |
Passive |
|||||||
Indefinite |
to write |
to be written |
|||||||
Continuous |
to be writing |
---------------------- |
|||||||
Perfect |
to have written |
to have been written |
|||||||
Perfect Continuous |
to have been writing |
----------------------- |
|||||||
The Functions of the Infinitive |
Немає потреби говорити правду. Було б помилкою так думати. |
Необхiдно вивчати це. Було приємно знову розмовляти англiйською. |
Головне, щоб тебе вiрно зрозумiли. Ваша робота - доглядати за тваринами. |
Вона не хотiла, щоб її бачили там. Ми вирiшили залишитись вдома. Не забудьте вимкнути свiтло. |
Ми були радi, що запросили його на обiд. Дiвчинка боялась, що її поведуть до стоматолога. |
||||
|
To tell the truth is not necessary. To think so would be a mistake. |
It's necessary to study it. It was nice to be speaking English again. |
The main thing is to be understood. Your job is to look after the animals. |
She didn't want to be seen there. We decided to stay at home. Don't forget to switch off the light. |
We were glad to have invited him to dinner.
The girl was afraid to be taken to a dentist.
|
||||
|
is necessary to do smth should be important means a mistake to do smth |
necessary to do smth it is easy to be done important to be doing strange |
The main thing is to do smth The idea was to be done His job |
to promise offer remember to do forget to be done decide |
to be glad to do smth pleased to be doing smth angry to have done smth afraid to have been doing smth delighted to be done to have been done |
||||
|
A |
B |
|
A |
B |
||||
|
Subject |
Predica- tive |
Object |
The Infinitive
The Functions of the Infinitive |
Вiн перший, хто це говорить. |
Нi з ким порадитись. |
Ця новина стане сенсацiєю. |
Я прийшла сюди, щоб працювати. Вона вдавала хвору, щоб залишитись вдома. |
Ви надто молодi, щоб носити чорне. Вона досить доросла, щоб її можна було прийняти за її матiр. |
Вiн зупинився, неначе хотiв пiдiбрати слова, щоб висловити свою думку. |
|
He is the first to tell it. |
There is nobody to consult with. |
It's the story to hit the headlines. |
I've come here to work.
She pretended to be ill to stay at home. |
You are too young to wear black
She is old enough to be taken for her mother.
|
He paused as if to find a way to phrase his thought.
|
|
first the last to do smth second |
somebody nobody anything to do smth someone |
man time place to do smth thing |
to give to do sth to be given in order to give so as to be given |
young to do (too) old (enough) to be done easy to have difficult been done |
to do smth as if to do smth as though |
|
A |
B |
C |
|
|
|
|
Attribute |
Adverbial Modifier of Purpose |
Adverbial Modifier of Result |
Adverbial Modif. of Compari- son |
The Infinitive
The Functions of the Infinitive |
З нею приємно працювати? Цю книжку важко читати. |
Вона вмiла писати в 3 роки. Ви повиннi зробити це негайно. |
Ми почали обговорювати текст о 10. Вони продовжували сперечатись через проект. |
Спочатку ми повторимо граматичнi правила. Правду кажучи, менi не подобається ця пропозицiя. |
|
Is she nice to work with? The book is difficult to read. |
She could write at 3. You must do it at once. |
We began to discuss the text at 10.
They continued to argue over the project. |
To begin with, we'll revise the grammar rules. To tell the truth, I dislike this suggestion. |
|
smb nice smth is hard to do smth difficult pleasant |
can must ought to do smth should |
begin continue to do smth cease |
to cut a long story short to tell the truth to put it mildly to be frank to begin with |
|
|
Modal Predicate |
Aspect Predicate |
|
|
Secondary Predicative |
A Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate |
Parenthesis |
The Infinitive
The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction |
Я знаю, що вона права. Я думаю, що їй бiля 40 рокiв. Я вважаю, що вiн розумний. Я сподiваюсь, що вона вдома. Я очiкую, що вона прийде о 5 годинi. |
Я бачив, що Браун увiйшов у кiмнату. Ми почули, як пiд'їхала машина. Але: Ми почули, що вона приїхала. Я бачу, що ти розумiєш це. Ми побачили, що мiсця зайнятi. |
Вiн хоче, щоб я допомогла йому. Я мала на увазi, що ти зробиш це. |
Я не люблю, коли ви так говорите. Вiн терпiти не мiг, коли вона говорила неправду. |
Вiн наказав завантажити ящики. Вiн попросив, щоб лист вiдiслали поштою. Вона заставила мене зробити це. |
Вони повiдомили, що корабель прибуває о 5. Лiкар заявив, що поранення не важке. |
|
I know her to be right. I suppose him to be about 40. I consider him to be clever. I expect her to be at home. I expect her to come at 5. |
I saw Brown enter the room. We heard a car drive up. We heard that she had arrived. I see that you understand it. We saw, that the seats had been occupied. |
He wants me to help him. I meant you to do it. |
I dislike you to talk like that. He hated her to lie.
|
He ordered the boxes to be loaded. He asked for the letter to be sent by mail. She made me do it. |
They reported the ship to come at 5. The doctor announced the wound to be slight. |
|
to know, think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, understand |
to hear, see, watch, feel, observe, notice Note: to hear - дiзнатися to see - розумiти to see - бачити ? Infinitive ? to be |
to wish, want, desire, mean, intend |
to like, dislike, hate, love, cannot bear |
to order, allow, command, ask for, make, let, cause to, get to, suffer to, have |
to report, declare, announce, pronounce |
|
Verbs of Mental Perception |
Verbs of Physical Perception |
Verbs of Wish and Intention |
Verbs of Liking and Disliking |
Verbs of Order and Permis-sion |
Verbs of Declaring |
The Infinitive
The Subjective-with-the-Infinitive Construction |
Чули, як вiн розмовляв англiйською. Бачили, як вони грали у садку. |
Вiдомо, що вiн дуже здiбний. Очiкували, що вона зробить доповiдь. |
Бажали, щоб вiн зробив все вчасно. Малось на увазi, що вiн приготує це. |
Кажуть, що вiн живе у Києвi. Повiдомляють, що вони приїхали. |
Здається, вiн володiє французькою мовою. Вона виявилась хорошим педагогом. |
Вiн обов'язково приїде до Москви. Навряд чи вона вступить до коледжу. |
|
He was heard to speak English. They were seen to play in the garden. |
He is known to be bright. She was expected to make a report. |
He was wanted to do it in time.
You were meant to prepare it.
|
He is said to live in Kyiv. They are reported to have arrived. |
He seems to know French.
She proved to be a good teacher. |
He is certain to come to Moscow. She is unlikely to enter the college. |
|
to hear, see, watch, observe, feel, notice |
to know, think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, understand, find |
to wish, want, desire, mean, intend |
to report, declare, say, announce |
to seem, appear - здаватися to happen, turn out, prove - виявлятися, трапитися |
to be sure certain очевидно likely ймовiрно unlikely навряд чи |
|
Verbs of Physical Perception |
Verbs of Mental Perception |
Verbs of Wish and Intention |
Verbs of Declaring |
Verbs of Seeming and Hoping |
Group of Probability |
The Infinitive
The For-Phrase |
Тобi легко прибрати кiмнату. Їй краще поїхати додому. |
Менi важко сказати це. |
З твого боку було нерозумно запитувати про це. Дуже люб'язно з вашого боку говорити про це. Було нетактовно з його боку залишитись там. |
Я дуже хочу, щоб ви досягли успiху. Я домовився, щоб у тебе була кiмната.
Вiн не розраховував, що ви залишитесь там. |
На його думку, вам краще зробити це.
Менi було нелегко розповiсти все через ваше зауваження. |
Дитинi нi з ким грати.
Менi бiльше нiчого сказати.
|
Зараз не час нам про це говорити.
Це було єдине, що я змiг зробити.
|
|
It is easy for you to do the room. It will be best for her to go home. |
For me to say so is hard. |
It was silly of you to ask it. It is nice of you to say so. It was tactless of him to stay there. |
I'm anxious for you to succeed. I've arranged for you to have a room. He didn't mean for you to stay here. |
He thinks it is best for you to do it. Your remark made it hard for me to tell everything. |
There's no one for the child to play with. There's nothing else for me to say. |
It's not the time for us to speak about it. It was the only thing for me to do. |
|
easy for smb to do smth It is hard for smth to be done
|
For smb to do smth is easy hard |
is nice It was polite of you will be tactless to do smth silly |
to long to be anxious to wait for smb to arrange to do smth to mean |
to make hard to think it important for smb to believe necessary to do best smth |
somebody nothing for smb to do smth anyone |
man thing time for smb to do smth place |
|
A
|
B
|
|
A |
B |
A |
B |
|
Subject |
Exception |
Object |
Attribute |
The Infinitive
The For-Phrase |
Вiн вiдступив в сторону, щоб я могла пройти. Ми увiмкнули радiо, щоб всi змогли почути новини. |
Дощ може йти так довго, що ми спiзнимося на потяг. День був надто холодний, щоб хто-небудь мiг гарно провести час. |
Найважливiшим для неї було тримати весiлля у таємницi. |
|
He stood aside for me to pass. He switched the radio for everybody to hear the news. |
The rain can last long enough for us to miss the train. The day was too cold for anyone to have a good time.
|
The main thing was for her to keep the wedding under wraps. |
|
to do smth for smb to do smth |
easy too difficult enough for smb young to do smth old |
The main thing is for smb The idea was to do smth to be done |
|
Adverbial Modifier of Purpose |
Adverbial Modifier of Result |
Predicative |
The Gerund
The Forms of the Gerund
|
Passive |
being read |
having been read |
The Functions of the Gerund |
Читання - це моє хобi. Кататися на ковзанах - приємно. |
Плакати марно. Заперечувати не було сенсу. Не варто туди ходити. |
Цi факти не приховаєш. Дороги назад немає. |
Сльози вам не допоможуть. Читання романiв змушувало її плакати. |
Головне - потрапити туди вчасно. Її бажання - поїхати в Англiю. Моїм обов'язком було доглядати за дiтьми. |
Менi не хочеться йти пiшки. Ви за чи проти того, щоб залишитись тут. Вiн саме збирався пiти. Перемовини ще не закiнчились. Здається, йде дощ. |
|
|
|
|
|
Reading is my hobby. Skating is pleasant. |
It's no use crying. It was no good objecting. It isn't worth (while) going there. |
There is no hiding the fasts. There is no going back. |
Crying will do you no good. Reading love stories made her cry.
|
The main thing is getting there in time. Her wish is going to England. My duty was looking after the children. |
I don't feel like walking. Are you for or against staying here? He was on the point of leaving. The talks are far from being over. It looks like raining. |
|
Active |
reading |
having read |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pleasant doing smth is necessary smb's duty |
no use it is useful doing smth was no good worth while |
there is no doing smth was |
does doing smth did smth will do would do |
The main thing Smb's wish is doing smth job was duty |
to feel like to look like to be for against doing smth to be on the point of to be far from |
|
|
Indefinite |
Perfect |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
A |
B |
|
|
|
|
|
Subject |
Predicative |
The Gerund
The Functions of the Gerund |
Кiмнату слiд побiлити. |
Я багато зробив у саду. |
Вам слiд уникати розмов з нею. Повторiть, будь ласка. Йому подобається читати романи. Терпiти не можу чекати. Пробачте за запiзнення. Вона зiзналася у крадiжцi. Вiн не мiг не посмiхнутись. |
Цей фiльм варто подивитись. Вона зайнята читанням. |
Ви думаєте туди поїхати? Ми пiдозрюємо її у крадiжцi. Його звинуватили у скоєннi злочинiв. Менi подобається читати. Ми втомились це робити. |
|
The room wants whitewashing. |
I have done a lot of gardening. |
You'd avoid speaking to her. Do you mind saying it again? He likes reading novels.
I hate waiting. Excuse my being late. She admitted stealing. He couldn't help smiling |
The film is worth seeing. She is busy reading. |
Do you think of going there? We suspect her of stealing. He was accused of committing crimes. I am fond of reading. We are tired of doing it. |
|
want, need, require doing smth |
some to do a lot of doing any |
to avoid mind like love hate doing smth put off excuse admit can't help |
smb is worth doing smth smth busy |
to think approve suspect accuse hear of doing smth to be fond afraid proud tired capable |
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
A |
|
Direct Object |
Prepositional Object |
The Gerund
The Functions of the Gerund |
Йому вдалося виграти справу. Вони наполегливо шукали докази. Вони зайнятi приготуванням. Її цiкавить колекцiонування марок. |
Вiн наполiг на тому, щоб ми прийшли о 5. Все залежить вiд того, чи буде це зроблено вчасно. |
Вiн був проти обговорення. Ми звикли ходити пiшки. Я з нетерпiнням чекаю поїздки за кордон. |
Вiн перепросив за запiзнення. Ви звинуватили мене в тому, що я це зробив. Хто вiдповiдає за те, щоб її зустрiти. |
Вiн вiдчув задоволення вiд того, що допомiг їй. Менi складно перекладати цей текст. |
У нього хист вiднаходити вiдбитки пальцiв. Менi добре давались мови. |
Дощ завадив менi прийти вчасно. |
|
He succeeded in winning the case. They persisted in searching for proofs. They are engaged in cooking. She is interested in collecting stamps. |
He insisted on our coming at 5.
Everything depends on doing it in time |
He objected to discussing it. We are used to walking. I'm looking forward to going abroad. |
He apologized for coming late.
They blame me for doing it.
Who's responsible for meeting her? |
He felt satisfaction in helping her. I have difficulty in translating the text |
He is clever at finding finger prints. I was good at learning languages. |
The rain prevented me from coming in time. |
|
to succeed result persist in doing smth to be engaged interested |
to insist depend on doing smth rely count |
to object be used to doing smth look forward |
to apologize thank blame for doing smth to be grateful responsible |
satisfaction harm in doing smth difficutly |
to be clever good surprised at doing smth disappointed |
to prevent/ smb from doing smth keep/stop |
|
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
|
Новые книги авторов СИ, вышедшие из печати:
О.Болдырева "Крадуш. Чужие души"
М.Николаев "Вторжение на Землю"