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The soldier in our Civil War : a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865, illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field, from sketches drawn by Forbes, Waud, Taylor, Beard, Becker, Lovie, Schell, Crane and numerous other eye-witnesses to the strife
Аннотация: The soldier in our Civil War : a pictorial history of the conflict, 1861-1865, illustrating the valor of the soldier as displayed on the battle-field, from sketches drawn by Forbes, Waud, Taylor, Beard, Becker, Lovie, Schell, Crane and numerous other eye-witnesses to the strife
The JSoldier
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CivilWar
II
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FRARI LE8I"IE'8
The Soldier in Our Civil War.
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ILLUSTRATIONS.
THE SOLDIER IN
OUR CIVIL WAR:
COLUMBIAN MEMORIAL EDITION.
A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT, 1861-1865,
ILLUSTRATING THE VALOR OF THE SOLDIER AS DISPLAYED
ON THE BATTLE FIELD.
FROM SKETCHES DRAWN BY
FORBES. WAUD. TAYLOR. HILLEN, BECKER, LOV1E, SCHELL, CRANE, DAVIS,
And numerous other Eye-witnesses to the Strife.
EDITED BY
PAUL F. MOTTELAY and T. CAMPBELL-COPELAND.
ASSISTED BY THE MOST NOTABLE GENERALS AND COMMANDERS OF BOTH SIDES.
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
ROBERT B. BEATH,
PAST COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
History of the GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, by Paul Vanderyoort, Past Commander-in-Chief.
History of the CONFEDERATE VETERANS' ASSOCIATION, by Col. I. W. Avery, Atlanta. Georgia.
History op the SONS OF VETERANS, by A. P. Davis, Originator, and by Frank P. Merrill. Commander-.* Chief.
VktaM, M"""i.n b. b~ "",*,." ,". c"u"e,i" "..ndtd b, . G.-rf. .^J^T,*. T2, "<^ ""£X "L""^
tts m Pevctek. G.nerals Beauregard, F.tihugh Lee, Lonostreet. Early, Captain Wahhetj, lale i~ =■"•>/,
J. Watts de P
rkp.irtmeiiis,
VOL. I.
NEW YORK and ATLANTA. GA:
STANLEY BRADLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
IS 9 3.
SOLD ONLY BY SUBSCRIPTION.
according to Act of Congress jn the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-th-ee, by
THE STANLEY BRADLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
INCORPORATED,
in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D, C.
SMWl.)
Ub\s .TGoofc is S>et>icatcfc
XLo the Veteran Soldier- the Rero of these Volumes- and
tlo the Sons of Veterans who Keep Green the Memory of their
Fathers' Sacrifice on the Battle-Fields of
Our (£ivil UJar.
INTRODUCTION.
NEARLY a generation has passed since the armies and navies of citizen-soldiers who had
survived the hardships of over four years of War were mustered out and returned to
their homes to enjoy the full fruits of peace in a united Republic.
On one side had been gathered over two millions of men, on the other nearly every
available man who could be put to service in the field, together forming an army numbering
nearly four millions.
The survivors of the conflict are fast passing away, and a new generation is forming, to
whom the great events of those years of bloodshed can be but a faint memory, or "as a tale
that is told.''
Yet, until deeds of daring, and patriotism, and suffering cease to enlist admiration and
sympathy, will the services of our soldiers and sailors be the theme of song and story that will
longest command the thought and attention of our people ; for did not nearly every family
contribute its quota to the War, and have not all shared in the accepted results?
The graves of the dead of North and South, marked each year by loving hands with
flowers of spring-time, the sufferings of the thousands yet living, have evoked a broad bond o(
sympathy that, with the cheerful acceptance of the duties of citizenship by the men of all sections,
has long ago wiped out personal animosities, if, indeed, such existed, and all good men, no
matter how divided in opinion from 1861 to 1S65, join in devotion to a common country that
stood such fearful tests as the struggles of the armies of Grant and Lee.
Each participant in the stirring scenes of the War could carry with him but few of the
details that contributed to the formation of a grand History that will, through all time, testify
to a devotion and bravery never surpassed and never to be forgotten.
Herein are to be gathered facts and figures as demonstrated and proven by years of
research. Herein will be placed in an enduring form, as a supplement to histories already
written, the incidents of battle ; and here will be pictured the heroes whose forms and faces gave
inspiration to the artist's pencil on the scene of strife.
The old soldier by his quiet fireside, surrounded by family and friends, will turn these
pages and be vividly reminded of a thousand incidents of army life, and all will here find
inspiration for increased devotion to a country worthy of all the sacrifices made in its behalf.
Robert B. Beath.
INDEXED LIST
DOUBLE-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOL. I.
■, View or Pris-
Alahama, ConfedcialcPrivni
onurafn tliu hold of
Alexandria. Camp, Washlngl n, D. C. '.
Anllotara (Sliurpiburg), Batik, or .
Avkamat, Confodorato Hum, Naval Engage
Incnt of, with tho U. S. Gunboat Car,,,,
iMtt
Battle of Anllotam, September ITtli, 1802
' Bull Run (the Firel), July 2i"tp i80i
llho Second), Aug, 80th, 1862 37B-370
Cros.K-ys, June 8th, 1802 , .330-331
Fori Donclsun, February loth, 1802 . 238.330
fu2 411:1
ion- in;
:j.sii.;is;
. .'171 37.-.
Guinea's Mills, Juno27lh, 1
Malvern Hill, July ]st,!8tl2 340-047
Mill Spring fLogan's Cross Roads)
Pen Ridge, Hureli OH), 180"
Pittsburg Landing, April Oth, I8flj
Port Itcpu bile, Juno dill, 1803 .
Rich Mountain, July iflih, 1801
Roanoku Island, February 8lh. ]803
SuvnguaSULlion, .Ii 28th, 1802
Secession villc, Juno JOlh. 1883
Slaughter's Mountain, Aug, Dili, 1803
Whits Oak Swamp, Juno 80th, 1802
Willi- < 1,.,.. I,. Jun.- 311(1!, 1802
Wilson'* i ret* (Oak Hill)
. 254-2.
2fl.i -2M7
274-275
33U.331
08-00
Donclsoo, Fort, (iallntit Charge or the Seven.
teonth, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth.
Illinois Vols. . .
EdwurdVa Ferry, Vn., Retreat of theFedoral
Troops ....
Ellsworth Zouave,, Eaaampmentoflhc, Wu.il 1-
ington,D. C
Engagement at Roniney, Vn.- The Eleventh
Indiana Zouaves Crossing the Potoraaa ,
Evacuation of Foil Moultrie .
FortUon-lsoi,, 23*s-23"
Pumli™ Sound- Qomhsii
1 of F"
llul
1 so- in 1
Pickens
Piuckney (Cusflo)
54.258 PenRidgc, BuLtlaof . . jbo.jh;
Pennsylvania Bunk lolls, Gal Inn I Atlack ,.r. upon
u Detachment of Stonuwnll "J.,- kaun'a
,, , Armv 31.1.31.-,
Pickens, Fori. Relief of, by U. S, Fleet . . <|0-IT
l'inckncy, Castle, Clmi'leston Hmbor 4017
8087 Piltsbiug. Landing, Buttle t,r g ml Lewis
20-37 Wollocos Division on tho Right Wing , 200.307
Eifl.233 Pittsburg Landing- F(nul Stand of Omul's
!2-133 Army. -■.... 271 27,'.
230-231 Pontoonitig. Experimental Practice in 100-107
910-911 Port Republic, B.iitkof . . 880881
80-31 President Lincoln and bis Cabinet Reviewing
■10-17 Troops .... , ].,",.,;
.10-17 Prlvoloer. Atoeama, Prisoners in H.d.1 of 409408
200 201 Pulaski, F.rt-Mortur Battery " SUnlon "
34-3.I Throwing a 13 inch Shall
. 280 201
> ll.e
iahominy Valley,
Sumter ....
Thompson . ... . 218-210 1 Ketrent of Federal Troops ""from" Edwards'
.174-17r,l Ferry I0O-lr,l
3U020I Retreat of Confederate Troops from Fort
. 174-175
Hull Urn
leut o( Fori Uniterm, Pamlico
Sound, N. C. . . . _ 122-123
lent ot Fort Suinler. Charleston
Harbor
lent Of Fori Walker, by Federal Fleet 174-175
Island No. 10 . .35
. lufl-107
il But
.vyYni
I, NoiT.dk, Va.
i.auip aioxanuna, at Wiuhlnglon, D. C. . 1
CarondeJet, U. S. Gnnbonl, Engagement with
the Confederate Ituiu jlrfcantai . , g
OaitlaPlneknoy, Charleston Hurbor . [
Charleston City and Harbor, View of \
Chiekaliominy, Scene of Hie Six Bailies
in the Valley of .
Commissariat Depot or the United Slat.
Rappahannock, Manussa
. :<7*.:i7u
Vo.
. 174.17.-,
210 211
Confederate. Battery at Harper's Ferry, Va.
Con tcdom te Garrison, Retreat or, From Fort
Walker
Confodorato Prisoners Brought into the Cap-
tured Camp, behind Fort Hugcr. Rojnok,
Island . . .
Confederate Ram drkanttu- Engagement with
U. S. Gunboat Vitrandelel . . . 374.375
Corcoran, General Michael, Reccptiun of, at
New York City . . . . ' . Sli-SIS
Corialb. Miss., Scene at Lick Creek Bottom . 2S2.2S3
Cotlon Catherine;. Packing and Shipping . 182-183
Cross Keys, Batik- of ... 330331
Departure of Ellsworths Zouaves from' New"
_ Yorb 74-75
rionels.m. Fort, Charge of the Second Iowa
Formications at Hilton
Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Illinois Volun.
leers, Charge of, ut Fort D.. nelson
Gaines's Mills. Battle of
Gosporl Navy Yard, Burning or .
Craftoa, Va.. View of McClellan's Hcaduunr-
Hampton Roads. Naval Engagement in .
Harper's Ferry, Confederate Battery at .
Harrisonburg lo Port Republic, Battle on the
Road from .
Harrison's Landing, Jamc-s River, Va.
Hawkins's Zouaves at the Battle of Anlielain .
Henry Fort, Bursting of a 43 pound Gun in .
Hilton Head Island, Government Works ai
Walker
2.74 £55 ' ne^iew of South Carolina Volui
Honker, General,
Island No. 10, Bombardi
180-1B7 . . 218-310
View of Fortifications . 200.2111
Engaging the Confederate
vein Hill .... 870-871
Washington . . . 15a ISO
id Night Attack
80-87
-10-47
302.303
380-287
884-835
338-333
uing his Great
. 378.371
il.Repulsoof the Confederate Troops 334-33.'
Lexington, Mo.. Siege or ... 130-181
Lick Creek Boiiom, Corinth. Miss.. Scene nt . 282 2K
icoln, President, Members of the First Cabi-
tof
14-15
140- 1 41
2^j ■.-.';!
.. - .".._ ih'k urn-iins, rani]
Be^IUL'at 33S-339'oakHill.BatUeof
n Reviewing Troops in Washington
Logan's Cross Roads, Battle oT
Manassas, Va , Commissariat Depot or U
Army or the Rappahannock .
rn Hill, Battle or
rn Hill, General Hooker Engages the Con.
federate Army at
MeClellnn's Headquarters at Grafton, Va.
.UemmncJ.-a",(.Vo)ii(or.Engagcment'iu Hamp-
ton Roads between the
Military Execution
Mill Spring, Battle of ..." '222,
Naval Battles .n Hampton Roads, Vo. . .' 240^24
r Berne, North Carolina, from the Interior
of Fort Thompson .
Panoramic View of
. ;'.u;-!i7
233
. 21" 211
Moultrie, Charleston Harbor .
Rich Mountain, Baltic of
Roanoku Island, Battle of
Roniney, Va., Engagement nt
Santa Rosa Island- Relief of Fori Plckcoa
Savage's Station. Battle of
Savannah, Ga , Flight of the Inhubilnnts'of .'
Secession ville. Battle of
Second Iowa Regiment at Fort Donclaon
Seventeenth Illinois Vohinteei-s, Charge of, at
Fort Donelson . , , j^
Shurpsburj;(Anlietani), B;ittleof ' ](SfJ "87
Sharps hooters' Trial of Skill at Wa-hington ' 13s!]a0
Siege or Lexington, Mo. . . ]ao-l"i
Sixth Miisaaehusetla negiment Repelling Mob
at Baltimore . . fig-fiD
Slaughter's Mountain. Battle of . .' ' 883-808
S..mb Curolina Volunteers Reviewed ut Fort
Moultrie .... goal
Sfnr of the Wail, United Slates Steamer, Fired
upon from Fort Moultrie . . . .J0.27
Tiplonville. Tenn.-Surrender or the Confeder-
ate For.-es. under Generals MeCull and
Gnnll, to General Paine . 300 3(J7
View or Grafion. Vo.. on the Monongoliels
River, Headquarters ot General McCIeb
Walker, Fort. Retreat of tho Cunfederule Oor.
Wallace. General Lewis, at the Battle of Pitts-'
burn Landing 2a6_m
:o House. Va., Burning of 890 8S1
Willis Church. Battle of. . \ 3.^.3,^
Wilson'sCrcekorOakHill.Baltleof . . j14.nr,
Winchester, Va., Battle of . . . . 332.303
Zouaves Ellsworth's, Departure of, from New
York, and Encampment at Wishinglon.
DC- ..... 74.7,
Zouaves. Hawkins's. Charge on Confederate
Batteries at Antietam . , . .380-387
. Ill 115 I
PREFACE.
A FTER twenty years, the memory of our Civil War fails to carry in detail the events
*■ that ushered in that event. The actors, one by one, are disappearing from the stage.
The echo of the first gun fired at Sumter, and which called to arms and to deadly strife two
sections of one great country, has become so faint as to be scarce a meinoiy. The bloody
chasm that run with the best blood and embraced in its unrelenting arms the precious bodies
of gallant men who gave up blood and life for country and fireside, each equally conscious of
the righteousness of their cause, has long since been filled with the roses heaped so profusely
by both the " Blue" and the "Gray "on the graves of their departed comrades. Each passing
year discloses some new-found beauty in the wealth of experience gained amid these scenes of
strife.
There were 4,000,000 active, efficient, hardy soldiers, who did service, not for honor,
glory, or reward, but to defend their firesides. They fought from a consciousness of duty, and
were equally patriotic whether they marched under the "stars" or under the "bars," and these
are the subjects, the authors, the actors, the heroes of our Book. It took soldiers massed
together, willing to obey the orders of their commanders, and to face death at every step, to
make an army. We picture these soldier-heroes - their faces gave the artists the inspiration
that enabled them to make these battle scenes true to life. These pictures were made amid the
very scenes they so vividly illustrate, and are now first published in a form to be preserved and
supplement the histories already written. We aim to record only facts as demonstrated and
proven by twenty-five years' historical research. We give no cause, no excuse, no apology for
defeat, and no reason for victory. "The War for Independence" and "The War of the
Rebellion" has no place in our book. We only care to illustrate the valor, patriotism, and
bravery of the soldier as developed by and illustrated in the war. We gather from both parties
to the strife the incidents of battle, and seek only to perpetuate their memories, as they serve to
show our children and our children's children that whether their father wore the "blue" or the
"gray," he was equally brave and honest in his efforts to defeat the foe hurled against him and
his standard on the battle-field.
Prejudice, hatred, animosity, and revenge are of the past. Let us bury each, and
looking beyond the political questions of that day, behold the spectacle of The War as
witnessed by the world, and proclaim the sons of the eight hundred thousand veteran soldiers
as ready and able to defend their common country against the combined armies of the earth.
The Soldier in Our CivilWar-
SUMMARY OF LEADING EVENTS.
NOVEMBER, 1S60- MARCH, 1861.
ON the 6th day of November, 1SG0, ii general
election for President and Yice- President
of the United States took place, which re-
sulted in the choice- of Abraham Lincoln, of Illi-
nois, as President, and Hannibal Hamlin, "f Maine,
as Vice-President. Mr, Lincoln, besides receiving
the majority vote of the Electoral College, had a
popular majority of 481,534 votes over Mr, Don-
glass, 1,009,057 over Mr. Breckinridge, and
1,266,970 over Mr. Bell.
At this time the inhabitants of the Slave-labor
States numbered about 12,000,000, of which nearly
4,000,000 were held as slaves.
The ruling class - those who exercised and con-
trolled the political power ns voters- numbered
about 1,000,000 ; of these, the largo land and
sluvo holders hold an almost supremo influence,
and of this class there were barely 300,000. Less
than 170,000 men in the whole Slave-holding
States owned 2,800,000 of the slaves ; tho remain-
ing 11,830,000 owned but 500,000 slaves, and were
counted as exorcising but little influence in the
councils of tho Government, and woro classed in
round numbers as follows; 0,800,000 small slave-
holders, non-slaveholders, mechanics and laboring
men ; 1,000,000 known in those regions by the
no of "poor white trash," scattered
those States ; 4,000,000 of slaves.
The production of the great staple of cotton,
regarded by them as " King," was in the hands of
less than 100,000 men.
President Lincoln, in his first annual Message
to Congress assembled in extra session, July 5th,
IS61, describes this condition of the bod3'-politic
of tho Southern States, and the subtlety of the
conspirators in leading the masses to support their
plans, in these words (wo quote from Ilnymond's
" Life of Lincoln," page 103) : "It might seem at
firot thought to be of little difference whether the
present movement at tho South bo called 'secession'
or 'rebellion." Tho movers, however, well under-
stood the difference. At the beginning they knew
EEOEPTION AT CHARLESTON, B. O., OP THE NETS OF THE ".LECTION OF LDJOOLN AND HAMLIN, NOVEMBER, 18W.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
they eoalrl novcr raise their treason to any respect-
able magnitude by any name which implies violation
of law. They know their people possessed as much
of moral sense, as much of devotion to law and
order, and as much pride in, and reverence for, the
history and Government of their common country
as any other civilized and patriotic people. They
knew thoy could make no advancement directly in
the teeth of these strong and noble sentiments.
Accordingly, they commenced by an insidious de-
bauching of the public mind. They invented an
ingenious sophism, which, if conceded, was followed
by perfectly logical steps, through all the incidents,
to the complete destruction of tho Union. Tlio
sophism itself is, that any Stnto of the Union
may, consistently with tho national Constitution,
and, therefore, lawfully and ponoofully, withdraw
from tho Union without the consent of the Union,
or of any oilier State. The little disguiso that the
supposed right is to bo exorcised for just cause,
themselves to be tho sole judges of its justice, is
too thin to merit any notice.
"With rebellion thus sugar-coated,* they have
been drugging the public mind of their section for
more than thirty years, until at length thoy have
brought many good men to a willingness to take up
arms against tho Government, the day after some
assemblage of men have enacted tho fareic.il pre-
tense of taking their State out of the Union, who
could have been brought to m such thing the
day before." Wo find in this first Message of
Mr. Lincoln so much of wisdom, moderation and
justice, that we are tempted to miotc it entire, hut
will in passing give from pago 106 his tribute to
the citizen-volunteer soldier, used as an argu-
ment against t lie sophistry of secession : " So
large an army as tho Government has now on foot
{July 5th, 1801) was never before known without
a soldier in it. but who had taken his place there of
Lis own free choice. But more than this : there are
many single regiments whose members, one and
Hiioilicr, possess full practical knowledge of all the
arts, sciences, professions, aud whatever else,
whether useful or elegant, is known in the
world ; and there is scarcely one from which there
could not ho selected a President, a Caoinet. a
Congress, and perhaps a Court, abundantly capable
to administer the Government itself. Nor do I say
this is not true also in the army of our late friends,
now adversaries in this contest; hut, if it is so, bo
much better tho reason why the Government which
has conferred such benefits on both them and us
should iLot be broken up."
On November 7th, 1SC0, the news of Lincoln's
election reached tho South, tho Palmetto Flag was
raised in Charleston, aud indignation meetings
were held in many leading Southern cities. In
Charleston, tho Governor and Council of South
Carolina met in secret session, and cheers were
given for the Southern Confedt racy.
Tho same (lay, by order of the Swire tary of War,
Major Fitz John Porter, A. A. 6.,
'made an inspection of the forts and
garrisons in Charleston Harbor, which led to tho
lmmcdiato assignment of Major Itobort Anderson
to tho command of these defenses, with a policy
confidentially defined by Lie'jleuunt-gonorul Scott.
Colonel Gardner, then in command, undertook,
after sundown, to draw surreptitiously from tho
Charleston Arsenal a supply of amis and ammu-
nition absolutely needed for Port Moultrie, but his
attempt was discovered by tho city authorities, and
the otficor in churgc. Captain T. Soymom, was
arrested, and tho collected material was seized.
Six days later, tho State determined to raise and
oquip 10,COO volunteers, and a State Convention
was called to decide tho secession of South Carolina.
Tho action of Georgia was no less prompt. The
Governor of that Stato at once convened tho
Legislature, which on tho Jtith of November voted
cmu-i-mlnu thin ivuril In thu )!cs*iujo: "llr.
t Printer, [old roc Una when Uiu llesjuio
raa n ijood iii-iii ili-iuri-.-il iiy iho u*u of lliu
♦1,000.000 to arm the State ; a Bill was also passed
ordering the election of delegates to a State Con-
vention to assemble on the 9th of January follow-
ing. The order was made, in the language of the
Act, because " tho present crisis in national affairs
demands resistance."
Tho Governor of Mississippi issued his proclama-
tion convening tho State Legislature for tho 26th
of November, in which he set forth that " the
recent election of Messrs. Lincoln and Hamlin de-
monstrates that those who neither reverence the
Constitution, obey the laws, nor regard their oaths,
have now tho power to elect to the highest offices in
tho Confederacy men who sympathize with them
in all their zeal to destroy the peace, property aud
prosperity of the Southern section, and who will
use the powers of the Federal Government to defeat
all the purposes for which it was formed."
The Governor of Louisiana convened tho Legis-
lature of that State on December 10th. The Flo-
rida Legislature ordered a State Convention for
December 1st, and the Governor of Alabama, after
proclaiming tho right as well as the necessity of
secession, and declaring that "if a State withdraws
from tho Union, the Federal Government has no
power under the Constitution to use military force
against her." Virginia, under tho call of Governor
Letcher, also took steps for a State Convention,
her Legislature ordering the same for January
7th, 1861.
On December 20th, 18G0, Major Anderson evacu-
ated Fort Moultrie, and occupied Fort Sumter in
Charleston Harbor.
At about the same time, Ports Pulaski and Jack-
son: in the harbor of Savannah ; Forts Gaines and
Morgau at Mobile; Forts St. Philip and Jackson
CongTHB him u dllTen-nt Ul
llllnobi - Unit Ihu UewiiKi) I-
written sooardlDJO*. "Whirl
■tail. -Wliy, mid Ur.TJcrr
rvpynl Mr Lincoln,
Whim thu iwunlu wo
i. tvuulni: iho pannrnii-li iiluud. In'
of Unit, If Iwoniyou.' • Octree*. ■
:pmuca nrodtolr my Idea, nnil I
In Oil- ■ "Uiir.rj
*t know exactly what lugar-cvaltd
METTO FLAG.
in the Mississippi, below New Orleans; Forts Ba-
rancas and Meltao at Pensacola ; Fort Clinch at
Fernandiiia. and Forts Caswell and Johnson at
Macon in North Carolina; the Mint and Custom
House at New Orleans; the arsenal at Little Rock,
Arkansas, etc.. etc.. were all seized by tho State
authorities. The various forts in Texas, built and
manned by the national troops, as defenses against
Indian incursions, also fell into the hands of the
White authorities, chiefly through the treachory of
General Twiggs, of Georgia, who was r.^xt in rank
to Lieutcnant-gencrul Scott in the United States
Army. He so dispersed and arranged the forces
ii t ,■ 1 . ■ i- In- riiinirniuii as In iniike them easily
overcome. Ho was successful in making over all
tlio valuable materials of war - guns, ammunition,
and supplies of all sorts, amounting in valuo to
several millions of dollars. Ho had been placed
in command of tho Department of Texas only a
few weeks before, by the same influence exerted in
the "War Department that mado tho other South-
ern departments and fortifications an easy prey to
the Confederacy. For forty years General Twiggs
bad acceptably served his Government, and had at
all times been honored with its confidence. He,
now that he had determine! to desert his flag, tried
to seduce his officers from their allegiance, by re-
presenting the Government as unable to maintain
its authority over tho Sonthorn States, closing wit i
tho assertion, " The Union -/ill be at an end in less
than aixty days, and if you havo any pay duo you,
you bad bettor got it at onco, for it is the lost you
will ever get."
Intimations of the disloyalty of Gonoral Twiggs
had reached Secretary of War Holt on the 18th of
January, and in a general order the veteran officer
waa rohoved from tbe command of tho Department
of Toxaa. This order was one of the most do-
oiaive as well as inspiring acts or the administra-
tion. Tho Secretary of War gives in his order as
the reason for this action, "his [Twiggs's] treachery
to the flag of his country, in having surrendered tho
United military posts and other property of the
States, in his department and under his charge."
It is not supposed that all these proceedings were
carried out with tho unanimous concurrence of the
people of tho South. In Georgia, Alexander H.
Stephens, subsequently mado Vice-President of tho
Southern Confederacy, with many others, sought to
stem the current, and by counseling delay and
moderation, to prevent the consummation of the
schomo of "precipitating tbe Cotton States into
revolution." But the revolutionary leaders well
understood the danger of delay, and hesitated at
no measure or expedient to coerce the calm and
patriotic portion of the population into their meas-
ures, and they successfully undertook to overawe
and silence all opposition to immediate disunion.
INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
Mr. Lincoln's trip from his homo in Spring-
field, Illinois, to the National Capital, had been, in
the Northern States, one continuous ovation and
hearty God-speed from the people. The spirit of
opposition first manifested itself in the determina-
tion nf insurgents in Maryland to prevent the Pre-
sident-elect from passing through their State. This
opposition was cheated of its purpose by strategy,
and Mr. Lincoln safely arrived at tho capital some
hours before his presence was announced.
The ceremony of Inauguration took place, as
usual, in front of tho Capitol, and in presence of an
immense multitude of spectators. Tho oath of
office was administered by Chief-Jus-
tice Taney, and immediately Mr.
Lincoln read his Inaugural Address. Wo quote
from this State Paper some of tho passages, as in-
dicating the plans, purposes aud intentions of tho
President, ns affecting the discontented element
now actively engaged in revolution. Time has
long since shown the wisdom, forethought, and
eminent patriotism of Mr. Lincoln, aud his State
Paper now reads like words of inspiration :
Inaugural Address.
■• ftllfiir.Citiun* nf (he United Stat**:
" Iu eomplhuue with n custom ns olil as tlic Government
itself, 1 appear before you to address you briefly, and to
take in your presence tlie oiith prescribed by the Constitution
of the United Stale* ti> In- lakcu by I lit President ' before lie
enters on the execution of his ofuM."
■' I tin Ufd consider it nmssary nt [>rc- j-ii? fur me to discuss
llinsc mutters of iiilinini"tmtioii iiImiu! wliirli there is no
social tiuxiely or excitement.
■' A |i prehension si-ems to exist, among the people of the
Southern Slates, that by Hie accession of a Republican Ad-
ministration their property nod their peace and personal
security are to be endangered. There has never hecn any
reasonable cause for audi apprehension. Indeed, the most
ample evidence to tlio contrary has nil iho while existed ami
been open to their mrpecliou. It is found in nearly nil the
published ■pccchcs of him who now addresses you. I do but
quote from one of those S|K.eelus when 1 declare that ' I bnve
no purpose, directly or initio . ily, to interfere with tlio insti-
tution of si n very in the States where it exists. I believe I
] i uvc no lawful right to do so, nod I have uo inclination to
do so,'
" I dike the iitlli.in] out 1 1 tu-iluv with no menial n
mid with no purpose to construe llie Constitution or laws by
any hypercritical rules. And while I do not ehoosc now lo
sjneify particular Acts of Congress ns proper to be enforced,
I do suggest thilt il will lie mm h safer for all, both in ollieial
and private stations, to eon form lo aud abide by all those
Aets which sliiini unrepealed. Ulan lo violate any of them,
trusting to llnd impunity in having them held lo ho uncon-
stitutional.
"It is seventy-two yearn since the llrsl Inauguration of a
President under our National Constitution. During that
period, fifteen different ami LTmily distinguished citizens
have, in succession, r dm mistered the Executive branch of
Iho Government. They have conducted it through many
poriln, ami generally with great success. Yet. with nil this
seopo tor precedent, I now eater upon the same task for the
brief CODSlttutlonul term of four viae, under great mid pe-
culiar difficulty, A di-rupliou of the Federal Union, bore
lofore only menaced, is now birmiilnblv nl tempted.
" 1 hold th,.t, in contemplation ol universal Inn-, unit of the
Const ilu lion, '/ ETnfcn of Viet t&itti it perpetual. Perpetuity
is implied, if not expressed, in tho fuudnmcntiJ hiw of all
National Governments. It is safe lo nssert tbnt no govern-
meni proner ever had n provision in [la organic law for it*
own termination I '.■utimii I mi ute nil the express provi
nions of our National GOTcnuaent, and the Union will eiidura
for over- it bring an(-- ihle t,> .Imirey il, except by souiu
action not provided lor in iln instrument itself,
" Again, if the United Stales be not a Government propur.
THE SOLDIER IX OUR CIVIL WAR.
'7
jul en association ftf Buries In the nature of oonttnci merely,
tan It, as u outnbj, be petti eohly unmade by lias than all
the partus who made it 7 Ont! putty lu u contract may
violate it - brisk it, so tu speak ; but does It not require all
to lawfully rescind it 1
"Descending from (best cncml principles, wo find Ihe pro-
r.oaiiion that, in legal contemplation, tue Union is perpetual,
confirmed by the history "( tho Union itself. The Union Is
much older than the Constitution. It wit* formed, in fact,
by Ibu Articles of Association in 1774 It was matured and
continued by the Declaratioo of Independence iu 1770. It
was furlber mnlureti, und the faith of all the Iheu Thirlccu
States expressly plighted und engaged that it should be per-
petual, by Hie Articles of Confederation in 1778. And.
Anally, in 1787, one of the de-clnml objects for ordaining and
establishing the Constitution was ' to form a more perfect
union.' But if the destruction of the Union, by one, or by
n jmrt only, of the Slates, be Inwfully possible, tho Union
is loss perfect than before, the Constitution having lost
the vital element of perpetuity.
'" It follows, from tlii^c vicirs, that no Stale. u|K>n its own
mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union ; tbal re-
solves and ordinances to that effect are legally void ; and (but
nets of violence within any State or State*, against the au-
thority of the United S la Its, are insurrectionary or revolu-
liooary, according to circumstances.
' I, therefore, consider that, in view of the Constitution
member or overthrow it
the vied rights of minorities and of Individuals areso plainly who Inhabit it. Whenever Uley shall grow weary of 111
assured [o them by affirmations and negations, guarantees existing Government they can exercise their cou-iiiuiinii-
and proUbldowta the Constitution, that controversies never tight of amending it, or theit revo.utionary right ■ ,;
ariu concerning them. But no organic law can ever lio ' " '■
framed with a provision specifically applicable to every
question which may occur in practical administration. Ni
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of rensonabh
length contain, express provisions for all possible questions
Shall fugitives from lahof '
"The Chief Magistrate derives all hia authority from ilia
people, and Hiej have conferred nunc upon him lo llx terms
for the separation of the States. The people themselves can
surrendered by National or by do this also if they choose : hut the Executive oa such bar
authority ? The Constitution docs not expressly say. nothing lo do with it, H.s duty is to ndministcr the prcscn'
transmit It. un
May Congress prohibit shiver? in the Territories 1 The Con- Government as it came to his h
utilulion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect impaired by him, to his successor,
slavery in the Territories * Tho Constitution docs not ex- •■ Why should there not be a patient confidence In the
pressly say. ultimate justice of tho people ) Is iberc any better or equal
■From questions r,f (lies class >|.rin^ all uur constitutional hope in the world I In our present differences is either
controversies, and wo divide upon them ialo majorities and party without faith of beintr in the right i If die' Vlniiu-lm
minorities. If tbu minority will not acquiesce, the majority Bulcr of Nations, with llisTcternal truth and jn-ii,,- |". ,M',
must, or the Government must cease. There is no other your side of the North, or oa yours of the South, Med IniUi
all.-rualive ; fur continuing Ihe Government is iiequiisccue-o and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of (bis
on one Side or the other. If a minority iu sueh case will great tribunal of the American jungle By t]ie"fm of ihe
secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent wliieli. Government under width we live, Ihe smic people lime
in turn, wilJ divide and ruin them ; lor a minority of their wisely given their public servants but link, power for mis
own will secede from Ihem whenever a majority refuses lo chief; andhavc. withequn! wisdom, provided for Ihe return of
I* controlled by such minority. For instance, why may not that little to their own bunds at very snort interval* Wliik
any ]>orlion of a new Confederacy, a yur or two heiiee, tbu people retain iheir virtueiiud vigilance no idmlnlstm
arbitrarily secede again, precisely us [lurliuns of the present tiou, hy any extreme of vrickcdfli as M f"n'v niu v,,ry kA
claim to secede from it i All who cherish das, oualy injure the Government in the short space of four yean;
EXTERIOR OF FORT HOULTBIB, ON SULLTY
CffABLERTOW HARBOR
and the lawn, the Union is unbroken, and lo the extent of
my ability. I nliall take care, as the Constitution Itself ex-
pressly enjoins upon me, that tho laws of the Union be
faithfully executed in all the States, Doing this I deem to
lie only a simple duty on my part ; and I llinll perform it,
so far as practicable, unless my rightful mailer, the Ame-
rican people, riinll withhold the requisite meaiiB, or, in some
authoritative manner, direct the contrary. I trust Ibis will
not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared pur-
pose of Ihe Union that it will constitutionally defend and
maintain itself.
" In doing this, there need lie no bloodshed or violence ;
und there shall be none, unless it lie forced upon the National
authority. The power confided lo me will lie used to hold,
occupy, and possess the property anil places belonging lo the
Government, and lo collect the dutits and imposts; but
beyond what may be but necessary for these objects, there
will be no Invasion, no using of force against or among tho
people anywhere.
" All profess to be content iu iho Union, if nil constitu-
tional rights can he maintained. Is it true, then, that any
right, plainly written in thi Constitution, has been denied ?
I think not. Happily tho human mind is sc constituted that
no party can reach to the audacity of doing Ibis, Thins:, If
you can, of a single instance In which a plainly written pro-
vision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If by the
mere force of numbcre, n majority should deprive n minority
of miy clearly written constltutinnnj right. It might, In a
moral point of view. Justify re voir. /inn- certainly would if
vdi rlitht waru a viul one. But uich la not >.ui awe. AD
v being erf muted te
union sentiments
of doing this.
"Is there such perfect Identity of Interests among the
States lo compose a new Union, us trt produce harmony
only, and prevent renewed secession f
"Plainly, the central idea of secession is the essence of
anarchy. A majority held In restraint by eonslitullonol
checks and limitations, and always changing easily with de-
liberate changes of popular opinions und sentiments, is the
only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects It,
does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism. Una-
nimity is impossible ; tho rule of a minorily, as a permanent
arrangement, is wholly inadmissible; so that, rejecting the
majority principle, unurchy or despot fern, in some form, Is
all that ts left.
"Physically speaking, wo cannot separate. Wo ennnot
remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an
Impassable wall between them. A husband and wire may
lie divorced, und go out of the iircseneo and hcyo.itl Ihe
reach of each other; but the different parts of our country
cannot do this. They ennnot but remain face lo face ; mill
intercourse, cither amicable or hostile, must eonlinue be-
tween Ihem. It is impossible, then, to make Hint inter-
course more advantageous or more satisfactory nfter soparn-
Hon than before. Can aliens make treaties easier than
friends can make laws ? Suppose yon go to war, you rannot
fight always; and when, after much loss on both sides,
and no pnln on either, you cease fighting. Ihe Identical old
questlnns, as to terms of mjireotirac, ure again upon you
•''fhboonnoy.wfab.te tosUtadona. bdongs lo Ihopeopk
temper "My countrymen
nrt all. think calmly and i
the si-n-iin, [Mitnt. tin' laws of your own framing under il ;
while the new Administration will have no immediate power,
if it wruld. lo dfcaaga either. If it were admitted that yon
who are di- ,ili-u>d bold the ri^lu side in Ihe dispute, there
slill is no single good reason for precipitating action. In-
telligenco, patriotism, Christianity, und t tlrni reliance on
Him who has never yet forsaken this favored huid, are
still competent lo adjuC in the best way, nil our present
dillkuliy.
"In your bands, my dit, 'Hsned fellow -countrymen, and
p, is the momentous Issue of civil war. The Gov
'■ You c
:t Will tl
lout being yourselves
ilered in heaven In desl
e the most solemn oin
" I am loath lo q]o-v. We are not enemies, but friends. W i
must not be enemies. Though passion may hnvo strained
must not break, our bonds of affection,
"Tho mystic chords of memory, stretching from ovo.7
battlefield and patriot-grave to every living heart ninl hearth-
atone all over this broad hind, will yet swell tho cho tm
of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will M,
b" the better uurell of our rmturn."
r8
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Raymond, in his "Life of Abraham Lincoln,"
nays: "It was under trying circumstances that
Mr. Liucoln entered upou the duties of his office.
The declarations of his inaugural, as a general
thing, gave satisfaction to the loyal people of
the whole country.
" It was seen, everywhere, that while Presi-
dent Lincoln felt constrained, by the most solemn
obligations of duty, to maintain the authority of
the Government of the United States over all terri-
tory within its jurisdiction, whenever that authority
should be disputed by tho actual ejewisa of armed
Secretary of tho Navy ; Caleb B. Smith, of In-
diana, Secretary of the Interior; Montgomery
Bluir, of Maryland, Postm aster-gen end ; and Ed-
ward Bates, of Missouri, Attorney-general, These
iioi niu at ions were all confirmed by the Senate, and
the Cabinet entered upon the discharge of their
several duties.
A SOUTHERN COMMISSION.
On the 12th of March, Messrs. John Forsyth.
of Alabama, Martin J. Crawford, of Georgia, and
A. B. Roman, of Louisiana, requested au unofficial
through a National Convention, to be assembled in
conformity with the provisions of the Constitu-
tion of the United States." ThiB communication,
though written on the 15th of March,
was withheld, with the consent ol
the Commissioners, until April 8th, when it was
delivered. Tho fact of its receipt, and its char-
acter, were instantly telegraphed to Charleston, and
it was made tho occasion for precipitating tho
revolution by an act which, it was believed, would
unite all tho Southern States iu support of the
Confederacy.
I-ouifliuoB. John Forsyth, of Alabama. Mnrtin J. Crawford, of Georgia.
THE COMMISSIONED TL> WASHINGTON FHOM TIIE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY.
force, he would nevertheless do nothing whatever
to provoke such a demonstration, and would tako
.no step which would look like violence or offensive
warfare upon tho seceded States. In tho Border
States its reception was in tho main satisfactory.
But as a matter of course, in those States, as else-
where throughout the South, tho secession leaders
gave it the most hostile- co etion."
The President's first act was to construct his
Cabinet, which was formed by the appointment of
William II. Seward, of New York, Secretary of
State; Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, Secretary of the
Treasury; Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, Sec-
retary of "War; Gideon "Welles, of Connecticut,
interview with tho Secretary of State, which tho
latter declined. On tho 13th they sent to him a
communication, informing him that they were in
Washington as Commissioners for a Government
composed of seven States which had withdrawn
from the Union, and that they desired to enter
upon negotiations for tho adjustment of all ques-
tions growing out of this separation. Mr. Seward,
by direction of the President, declined to see thein,
because it "could not bo admitted that the States
referred to had, in law or fact, withdrawn from the
Federal Union, or that they could do so iu any
other manner than with tho consent and concert
of the people of tho United States, to bu given
THE HATES OF THE SECESSION OF
THE CONFEDERATE STATES.
Stales,
Stcttiion.
)tal\fiealion.
Smith Coroli
a . December 20th, 1900
April 3d, 1801.
Louisiana
. December 23d, 1800
March Hist, 1881
Mlislulppl
. January Oth, 18U1
March 30 th, 1881.
Alufaiimn .
. January 11th, 1801
March 131b. 1801
Florida .
. January llih, 1801
April 33d, 1881.
Georgia .
. January loth, 1901
March 10th, 1601
Twos , .
. February 1st, 1B01
March 25th. 1801.
Arkansas.
. March .lib, 1801 .
May 10th, 1801.
Virgiala .
. April 17th, 1801 .
TV iin ess to
. May Oth, 1B01 .
Juno №IUi, 1801.
North Caroli
■iu . May £0th, 1801 .
May -oi Li, lUttl,
THE SOLI? r Eli /A OUR CIVIL WAR.
JtiKKKKSUA x'AVIB.
JEFPSE80H Davis was born
711110 3d, 1S0S, in Christian
County, Ky. ; graduated at
(Vest Point, 1823; served as
lieutenant of infantry at
Westorn posts, and on fron-
tier sorvice, from 1828 to
1834 ; resigned, 1835, and
became a cotton - planter :
chosen presidential elector
from Mississippi, 184-1; mem-
ber of the United States
House of Representatives,
1845-40 ; colonel First Mis-
sissippi Rifle Volunteers in
riie Mexican War, 184H-47;
a u gaged at Monterey, and
severely wounded at Bue.no,
Vista; member of United
States .Senate, 1847-51; Se-
cretary of War in President
Pierce's Cabinet, 1853 - 57 ;
member of the United States
Senate and Cb airman of the
Committee on Military Af-
fairs, 1857 to 1861; President
of the Southern Confederacy,
February 18th, 1801 ; cap-
tured by the Federal troops,
May 10th, 1SG5, at Irwin-
ulle. Go.; prisoner of war,
1805-07, at Fortress Jlonroe,
Virginia.
After .his release lie visited
Europe, and on his return
he took tin his residenco at
Memphis, and became Pre-
sident of the Carolina Life
! iisn ranee Company. Uo
afterward retired to his
country place at lieauvoir,
Miss., were be wiote bis in-
le in relation of the Civil War,
tinder the title " Kise and
Fall of the Confederate
States," published in 1882 in
two large volumes. He is
still (1884) living in scoln.
sum. anil his name as his per-
sonality is almost forgotten in
the rapid progress toward prosperity enjoyed ami and hy wanton aggression on
entered into by tho wiser and less bitter ot his which fact, ho claimed, doubly.
'9
as Secretary of the Wavy ; and
John II. Reagan, of Texas, a?
Postmaster - general After-
ward, Judau P. Benjamin, of
Louisiana, was appointed
Attorney-general ; \\ Uliai.
M. B"wn, late of the Mutf
itiglon Comtttutum, Assist-
ant-Secretary of State, an (I
Philip Clayton, of Georgia.
Assistant- Secretary of tin
Treasury.
EVACUATION OF FORT
MOULTRIE.
Woes tho movements in
Charleston Harbor following
the election of Mr. Lincoln
commenced, Castle PincKnev
and Fort Sumter were with-
gorr
,irrn:i;*n\ davis.
The letter, in
deed, was unfinished ; Fort
Moultrie was much out of
repair. Its garrison consisted
of two incomplete companies
of the regular artillery,
numbering only seventy men,
including n band ; all under
the command of Colonel
Gardner, who wes early re-
lieved bv the appointment of
Major Robert Anderson, of
Kentucky, to tho command.
With the promulgation ol
the Ordinance W Secession
in South Carolina, open in-
timations, often taking the
forni -t threats, were given
out, that unless the forts
were speedily surrendered to
the State authorities, they
would bo occupied by force.
It was declared that any at-
tempt to reinforce them, on
tho part of tho National Gov
ernment, would be regarded
as an overt act of hostility.
Generals Scott and Wool
urged upon President Bu
char.au the duty of immo
d iatcly placing a force in
tho part of others, those works, sufficient to crush tho first overt
lsu red th lir success; acts of treason. Under his own theories of the
vaufrire
INAUGURATION OF JEFFERSON DAVIS.
The inauguration of Jefferson Davis, us Provi-
sional President of the Confederate States, took
(•.lace at Montgomery, Alabama, February 18th,
1861, at noon, upon a platform erected in front
■>: ;\\- portico of the State House. Three days
before, at his home in Vjcksburg, Miss., ho had of tho sword, that position they that day assumed
been notified of Ins elect im, and hastened to among the nations of the earth.
Montgomery, taking in his route Jackson, Grand Mr. Davis selected as his Cabinet, Robert Toombs,
Junction, Chattanooga, West Point, Columbus of Georgia, as Secretary of State ; Charles G. Mom
and Gpelika. At each railroad station he was minger, of South Carolina, as Secretary of the
mot by thousands of citizens, and in the route Treasury ; Loroy Pope Walker, of Alnbi
made twenty-five speeches. At tho now capital, Secretary of W
which Mr. Davis reached at ton o'clock lit
ho averred that the world must have their agricul- restricted power.', of the Government, and with a
tural productions, and that mutual interest would divided Cabinet, Mr. Buchanan hesitated to follow
invito goodwill and kind offices, especially from the the advice of ihe heads of the army,
manufacturing and navigating States of the Union ; Major Anderson asked for instructions and
adding, howsrer, that if passion or hist of dominion succor from the Government, representing the
should el.piid tho judgment or inflame tho amtltion weakness of Port Moultrie and tho hopelessness
of those States, then they must prepare to moot the of elfcctivo resistance to a concerted attack. j\
emergency, and maintain, by the final arbitrament private letter from him, dated in December,
the following view of the situation :
■light, tha ovation culminated. Ho was wel-
comed by the citiwrns eight miles outside tho
city, and escorted thither with the booming
A ear'jon and tho nhouts of voices.
E-jorted to the Exchange Hotel, he made
■i sj., oil from tho balcony to the assembled
throng addressing them as " Brethren of the
Confederated States of America." His ap-
pearance at this late hour did not afford an
opportunity for the people to see his face
until two negroes, each with a candle, flanked
'■mi on cither side, and reflected the flickering
ight.s against his pale and anxious counte-
nance. After the ceremony of Inauguration.
Mr. Davis conn -need to pronounce bis In-
augural Address. To defended the right of
lucession, expressed his anxiety to cultivate
loaco and commerce, and said ho hoped to
avoid war, or at least to ho acquitted hy
posterity of having needlessly engaged in it;
justified the course of tho Confederation by
*iio entire absence ■"•* wong on their part,
" When I inform you that my inim'w.i consists of only
rlsty cflitfiivn men, and Ibal we lire In a very induTervnt
work, llie walls of wliicli arc only about fourteen feet liigl:
and (bal we have, within nnc liinnlni! mid .-iMv yards' of on-
walls, Kind lull? wllfcll command our works, and which
Stephen U. Mallory, of Florida, nllonl admirable "ttofl tor boUcries. and the finest covcre foi
sliarpaUoow™ . and that, beside* iliis, there arc mi
mcruUM bouses, same of them within pistol-shot, you
will ill onco sgo that, if attacked in force, headed
by any one but s simpleton, there Is scarce a possibility
of our bcini; ulile to hold out Im.ij i;li :c c-ihiIiU
our Iriends in mint to oar sun ur Trusting that UoD
will tint desert us in our hour o) (rial, .". air,, sincerely
Major Anderson directed the forca under
his command, with such additional aid us he
could control, to repairing and strengthening
Fort Moultrie. His exertions in this -espeel
wore made tho subject of Unij and violent
remonstrance on tho part of the press mi
authorities of South Carolina. Still, the Gov
ornmont gave him neither counsel nor tnp-
poit, and it -vas not until December illr
that, jr. answer to his repeated solicitations;
ho received die tollr.wing vcrbni insmic
ttons, through speci.-.i messenger Major Bitell
"You am BWnro of tho great nnxlety of (lie Score-
tiiry of War that a collision of troops with (he ptoplo
of this Stntn shall be avoided, aud of bis studied
Intermi nut ion to pursue, a course with re'r-reuco '-•
**HE SOLDIEk IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
JEiFFEHSOS DAVIS ADDEESaiNQ TITE CITIZENS Oh' MOSTOOMKHY, AIABAMA.
tbomilitiiij rorre und fortaof this harbor which shall gunrd
against such collision. Ho 1ms, therefore, cure fully abstained
from increasing the force at, this point, or taking any me in-
ures which might adil to the present excited statu of *ho
public mind, or which would throw any doubt on the un-
fldencc he feels that South Carolina will not attempt, by
violence, to obtain possosrioii of thu public works, or inter
fero with their occupancy.
" But ilk thu counsel mid nctaof rush and impulsivo peraom
may possibly disappoint these expectations of thu Govern-
ment, hu deems it proper that you should bo prepared with
instructions to meet so unhappy a contingency. He has,
the re fore, directed uio verbally to give you hucIi instructions.
■' You lire carefully to avoid every oft whieli would need-
lessly tend to provoke aggression, and for that reason you
ure not, without necessity, to take up any position which
could be const rued into tho nssuuipti if a hostile atti-
tude ; but yon are la luiUl /-if.fyiu;, of the forU in IheJuirbor,
mill, if ulluel.i-1 ', i/frii are to litj'eiul ijoitmlf to the last fte-
Irmily. The srauHncss of your force will not permit you,
perhaps, to occupy mow thau one of the three forts, hut an
attack or attempt to take possession of either of them wi'l
be regarded im an act of hostility, and then you may put
yi.nr i iiniiiiiLinl into eiihiT "if them which you may deem
inont pmper, to iniTCiise its jhuvt of resistance, You are
alto autAorhoU to t-ila titnilar tftpi utauter you hum tangible
tebkna vf a dtehn (" proccel to a hMik ftt,"
Toward tho middle of December, it became evi-
dent, from tho magmtudo of military operations
going on, and other indications, coupled with tifr-
uificaiit threats in tho South Carolina Convent'-;
and out of it, thaton occupation of Castle Pinckucy
and Fort Snmter was meditated, even if no open
manifestations should ho made against Fort Moul-
trie. Tho question of tho latter, in event Fort
Sumter was occupied, was ono entirely subordinate,
as it was completely comiuanded by Sumter. Major
Anderson determined, therefore, to anticipate tho
South Carolinians in their contemplated niatiojuvrc,
believing that tho contingency had arisen contem-
plated in the closing paragraph of his instruc-
tions. Accordingly, on the night of December
2tith, at tho vory time that tho South Carolina
Commissioners had arrived in Washington to de-
mand the surrender of tho forts, hu evacuated
Fort Moultrie, after spiking tho guns, and provid-
ing for the destruction of their carriages and other
material by tire; and with tho aid of three email
vessels Bnccessfnlly transferred his littlo command,
his flag and available inanitions to Fort Sumter.
RAISING THE FLAG ON FORT SUMTER
The raising of tho national flag, which An-
derson had brought with him from Fort Moul-
trie, was one of those imposing scones whieh lend
a romantic and thrilling inspiration to the exigen-
cies which history is forced to record.
",od"""' ,K0- Tho flag was raised precisely at noon
on the 37th. A short time previous. Major Anderson
had assembled his littlo force of soldiers and work-
men around tho flagstaff. The flag was attached
to the cord, and Major Anderson, holding the end,
reverently knelt down. Many of thx group fol-
lowed his example, and the chaplain offered an
earnest prayer, an appeal for support on earth.
and mercy in heaven. When his fervid, solemn
words wew ended, and the men with deep feeling
had responded "Amen," Major Anderson drew the
cord, and the starry Hag rose slowly to the top of
tho staff, when tho band rolled out the anthem of
"Hail Columbia," and tho group - officers, soldiers
and laborers - broke into an exultant salute, cheer
following cheer, to the national emblem.
TiiJt suJ-LHUK IA OUR CIVIL WAR.
PRESIDENT BUCHANAN ASD THE SOUTH
CAROLINA COMMISSIONERS.
R. W. Barnwell, J. H. Adama and Jamea L.
Jrr, prominent citizens of the Stu.e of South
Carolina, arrived in Washington on the 3Cth of
Decombor, 18(>0, as Commissioners from that State,
with communications to President Buchanan, set-
ting forth that, as the State of South Carolina had
resumed the powers which she bud delegated to Hie
Government of the United States, and declared her
perfect sovereignty and independence, it became
their duty to open negotiations in reference to ail
questions growing out of this act of the State, with
ii view to the amicable settlement of all questions
between the sovereign State ol South Carolina and
the United States. That the action of Major An-
derson hud rendered tho initiation of such arrange-
ments i m pi is- i Mr pending the absolute withdrawal of
the United States forces from Charleston Harbor -
a withdrawal which they now formally demanded.
They claimed that the movement of Major
Anderson was in <<>ntravontion of an
Dkcemuen, I960. , , ,. , , ..
understanding had some time previ-
ously between the Members of Congress for South
Carolina and the President. The President replied
that tho understanding referred to was nothing
more then tho mutual expression of a desiro that
nothing should be done on either side in tho way
of alWctte on tho forts in Charleston Harbor, Ot oy
theii reinforcement, that might lead to collisions,
in oider to gain time for reflection and deliberate
action. He confessed tliut he might have ordered
Major Anderson back to Fort Moultrie, if it bad
not been that South Carolina had already occupied
the remaining fort ilinit inns without waiting for, or
asking, explanations. He added that it was under
such circumstances that be was called upon to with-
draw tho troops from the Harbor of Charleston,
coupled with the threat that, without this being
done, negotiations would he impossible. Under
these conditions ho firmly refused in these words :
" This I cannot do - this I will not do !"
The Commissioners thereupon sent the President
a bitter and upbraiding note, charging him with
bad faith, and setting forth that, after he had
declared that the Government had no right to
coerce a State, after having removed a former com-
mandant of Fort Moultrie for naving attempted
to increase his supply of ammunition, and after
having accepted tho resignation of Gonenil Cass
rather than permit (ho garrison to bo reinforced, he
had now resolved to hold by force the position he
had obtained through the misplaced confidence of
South Carolina, and to convert the violation of
orders bv Major Anderson into a legitimate act of
executive authority. They concluded by asserting
that by his course tho President had probably
21
waieniJ oivi) "at inevitaole, and ty appealing to
"the Cod of Jostice and the God of Hoste" to
enable South Carolina to perform tho work before
her, "hopefully, bravely uud thoroughly." This
last document the President returned, declining to
receivu it.
FORTS SEIZF-D BY SUCTH CAROLINA,
Upos Major Anderson's transfer to Fort Snmtor,
the Convention at once requested Governor Pickeni
to take possession of Forts Moultrie, Johnson and
Castle Pinckney. General P.. G. M. Duuovant seized
Fort Johnson, and Colonel J. J. Pettigrew, Ciiatlo
Pinckney. Lieutenant R. K. Mead, the command-
ant at Pinckney, with his troops, fled to Sumter.
His men barricaded tho door of tho
Castle, spiked tho guns, ruined their
carriages, removed tho ammunition and prostrated
the flagstaff. Pettigrew unfurled tho Palmetto Flag
over the Castle, amid tho cheers of thousands on tho
shore. It WiLs the lir;t (lug ruiiod by the insnrgenta
over a national fortification. Tho Washington, tho
German, tho Lafayette and the Marino Artilleries,
under Colonel Wilmot G. De Suusanre, occupied
Fort Moultrie.
Tho people of Charleston looked on with anxiety,
not knowing the moment Major Anderson might
open firo on their friends. But his instructions
from Washington did not permit him to fire a gun.
WAJnn /LNDRaSDlf BAJBING THE CN'ins 1'LAG OX FOBT 8U11TE1I, DECEMBKK VTrn.
THE SOLDIER fN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE "STAR OF TTTF. WFST."
Pl-dlic sentiment in the North demanded some
action on the part of the Government toward the
relief of Major Anderson and his little band locked
up in Fort Sumter; and, in conformity with this
demand, tho steamer Star of the West, loaded with
supplies, out unarmed, was ditip.iti.hed from New
York, and reached Charleston Bay January 9th,
1SG1. While- proceeding up tho harbor, and when
opposite Morris Island, she was fired into from
tlio batteries on the island, and compelled to re-
turn to New York. The Star of the West had on
uoard 250 artillerists and marines; she sailed from
(few York January 5th, 1861, cleared for New
>rleaus and Havana. On tho St-h of January, tho
.ecrctary of the Treasury resigned, on account of
,ao disregard shown to the objections offered by
omiself and the Secretary of the Interior to fitting
out the iSZar of l/ie West.
to Governor Pickens, asking him if the firing
upon an unarmed vessel carrying the flag of the
Government was authorized by him. Governoi
Pickens replied : " The act is perfectly justified
by me." Major Anderson then asked for, and re-
ceived, permission to send a messenger to Wash-
ington with dispatches and for instructions. Lieu-
tenant T. Talbot was selected for this mission.
Before on answer could bo received, Governor
Pickens, on the 11th of January, made a formal
demand for the surrender of the fort, which was
refused.
MRS. ANDERSON AT FORT SUMTER.
Major Anderson's conduct in evacuating Fort
Moultrie, and concentrating tho available loyal
forces of the United States t roups, then in Charles-
ton Harbor, within tho stronger walls of Sumter,
was looked upon as a breach of an implied agree-
ment made between the secessionists and tho Gov-
but she had not seen him in seven years. His name
was Peter Hart. She knew him to be a tried and
trusty friend, on whom she could rely in any emer-
gency, and sho ^solved to find him, and place him
by the side of bir husband within the walls of Fort
Sumter.
For a day and a half she sought a clow by visiting
f.he residences of the various Harts named in the
City Directory. She was an invalid. Her phy-
sician protested against her project, as no believed
its execution would imperil her life. She would
listen to no protests, but found Hart, and the two
started the next day for Charleston.
' ' They traveled without intermission,
and reached Charleston at the end of forty-eight
hours.
The cars were crowded with Tecruits hastening to
join in tho attack on Fort Sumtor. She neither
ate, drank, nor slept, and heard her husband threat-
ened with inaUint death should he fall into meii
SPIKING THE GUKS OF FOHT HOULTIUE MY MA.IOU AKDEKSON, BEFOBE ITS EVACUATION, DECEMBER 28m, 1*10.
John A. Dix, of Now York, was appointed in
nis place, January 11th, and he immediately took
vigorous measures to prevent tho property of tho
Government, under the control of the Treasury,
faJii.g into tho hands of tho seceding States. On
the 10th ho sent William Hemphill Jones, a spe-
cial agent from his department, to Now Or-
leans, with instructions to tuko charge of tiio
Government property. This messenger ordered
Captain John G. Bresbwood, tho commander of tho
McClelland, to proceed with her to Now York.
j* wwi ^" refusal from the commander, tho
messenger telegraphed to Mr. Dix for
further instructions, and received for answer n,
dispatch directing him to put the mutinous officer
nndcr Brrest, and concluded the message with tho
memorable injunction: '-If any one attempts to
haul down the American flag, shoot him on tho
spot I"
When Major Anderson witnessed the firing on
the Star of t/m West, and saw her depart withont
Heina allowed to coininnnieuto with lum, I10 wrote
ornmont; bnt the now Secretary of War, Joseph
Holt, assured Major Anderson of the approval of
tho Government, and that bis action was in every
way admirable, alike for its humanity and patriot-
ism, as for it3 Boldicrship.
Before these words of approval reached Major
Anderson, the Legislature of Nebraska sent greet-
ing two thousand miles by telegraph. Indeed,
every patriotic heart in tho land beat responsive to
tho spontaneous praise of a grateful pcoplo for a
deed which seemed a promiso of safety to tho
republic.
The position of Major Anderson and his little
band, composed of ton officers, fifteen musicians
and fifty- fivo artillerists - eighty in all - was an
oxtromely perilous one. TTis friends ivoro uneasy ;
liia wife, a daughter of tho gallant soldier, Gonoral
Clinch, of Georgia, was in Now York city. Sho
know her husband was exposed to forocimis foes
withont, and possible traitors within, tho fort.
In tho omercrenev sho remembered n faithful
sergeant who hod been with her husband in Mexico,
hands. Their langnngo was very violent, especially
respecting the destruction of tho old flagstaff at
Moultrie, which was considered such an insult to
the South Carolinians as might not be forgiven.
At the Mills House Mm. Anderson met her brother.
Sho found no difficulty in procuring a permit from
Governor Pickens, who was her father's old friend,
to go to Fort Sumter.
The Governor refused one for Hart, saying ho
could not allow a man to be added to the Sumter
garrison. She scornfully asked if South Carolina,
claiming to bo a sovereign power among tho nations
of tho earth, would ho endangered by the addition
of one man to a garrison of seventy or eighty, while
thousands of armed lia'ids were ready and willing
to strike thorn 1
The Governor, seeing the absurdity of His refusal,
gave a pass for Hart, requiring from Major Andor
son a pledgo that lio should not bo enrolled as a
soldier. A small boat carried thorn to Sumter
On overy hand she- saw str.ingebannum ind warlike
preparations. Hearing Snmt/u, she turned una saw
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
the national ensign floating
one in the whole bay. "1
exclaimed, and hurst into tears.
1! caching the fort, her husband caught tt? m his
arms, whispering, "My glorious wife I"
'* I have brought yon Peter Hart," she said
'The children arc well, 1 return to-night.
23
X the fort, the only County. N. T. In 18W be was elcctrf by tlie Legislature of Senate, where it was at o>.." confirmed. The nmmctal ,i",,i
dear old flflgPshe U" State of New York Unttrf Slates Senator. WMeialue lock was broken, and the Gover rtlb^SES
Bio of all [ho money It needed. ' ^
In two hours Mr
bout by her husband, and rowed back to the city,
The same evening she started for the national capi.
fail. Her mission ended, she was utterly prostrate,
A bed was placed in the car for her comfort,
Slio was insensible when ahe arrived at Wil-
lard's Hotel. Washington, and nftcr forty-
eight hours of suffering from exhaustion,
proceeded to Now York and rejoined her
children.
This bravo woman had done what the
Government failed to do - she had not sent,
but had taken, reinforcement to Fort Sumter.
How faithful ami useful this reinforcement
was, the next three months' history of Fort
Sumter will, in a measure, reveal
Bork In Nun- Hampshire, July Ml;
Adams Di\ entered lln; United States Army in 5812, us
cadet, and was ordered lo report to his father, Major
Timothy Din, .Tr.. commanding the Fourteenth la-
in March, 1813, lie
ily. General Armstrong, die
(jii est in nul the hid as to tiis
111 fur advanced, lohl ban he
cepl military Uietiiy,
urn] suggested 1h.1l he should go to (he frontier.
Having ga'-.cd the consent of his father, General
Annslrong pjve him itn I'lisiim's nimmiuiciD, align-
ing him to service in his father's regiment, which, in
April, received onh™ to march lo Bnckett's Harbor,
N. Y..io report lo General Jacob Brown, afterward
Senate, ho strongly urged upon Congress tberlgo:
eeculfon of the war with Mexico until a [mice won conquered
anil the question of the boundary line for ever settled.
Appointed by President Pierce Assistant United Slates
Treasurer at New York in 1858, pending his confirmation by
the Senate its United Stales Minister to France,
Anderson was placed in thu ?,! RI" WM PnT''"'"i by the pressure brought to bear by
General Dix, when Secretory of the T-casury under Pre
sidenl Bueltonnns reorganized Cabinet, was the first of lib
advisers to assert the authority or the Government in a
manner to meet the expectations, stir the patriotism ond call
forth the sympathies of the Northern people. The revenue
, cutters were under ha control nod orders ds Secretary of Iht
IlK' ground of the Fr.,.-K>il [iroi-livilria Treasury. When bo came into ofllce the cutter Laeia Qui
Southrrn Senalui
of Genen-' Dix. John Y. Mason, oE Virginia, finally
cured the appointment.
In 1S1B General JJk was elected a member of the Vestry
lv .1- .1 Mnliili . 1
rl the Roierl JfcOfeHnnd at New Orleans.
■ 18th, IStll) ordered their commanders,
sengar, to return with their vessels to
. On (he refusal of the commander ot
lanir, the Secretary sent the following
■ '"" special agent ul New Orlca-j. The
s I rensury
lost to 1 he
ic order in
iiapers, a few days afterword, did a service
■nin*r the public senllmcnl lo the dangci
Honed then- country's flag- worth more to
■mount at thai time Mil
The hiitorie order reads as follows ;
;t, January 2Blh, 1801.
u|< ■ M lj - -. n, r.il
Jacob Brown, then 1 umniiiii'lin.- 1 1 . . \i.rtlnrii Miliian lie
purtmcat of the United Slates. While Malar Dix was 011
General Brown's BlatT, be had unuso d t.n .v ■ - ■ ,i t all
parts of the United Slates, and mingle ranch -.. tb tin pro,
iniiionl statesmen and scholars of ibat day. In ]-jii Sinter
Dix was scut us a Special messenger by Ike PlccU at i,, uo-
livcr ihe treaty just made between the United Stales and the
kingdom of Denmark lo our Minister at Copenhagen. On
bin return In ihe Autumn, b. win ordered la Fortrcm Mon-
roe In July, 1820, after sixteen yean, of wmcc. he radgncd
his commission as captain of lbs Thiol Region n of Artilli it,
He sclllcd at Cooperslown, N. Y., and prncliced law. in
1KII) he was appointed adjulnnt-general of the Slut- of New
York. In 1"K1 he was appouiled Secretary nf Stall
UH1 ho was elected to the Biate Assautbly for Albany Mr. Thomas, and at
V:,!lv,. h
he served of Trinity Church, New York city, and at once becniuo
10 Mount aclive iu reorganizing tho financial department, ami seeming (he Dcpa
md. The Stole Icgislalioa thai made it possible lo successfully defend be was
! quarter- the properly of ibe church against the claimants representing McClcllnn. At ibis post he
1 llarbur. the descendants of Anmko .haw, who held claim to the t.aiiamading-gciiend in his at
■r !.-. a. r.il owDcrahlp of all the real estate iu possession of the Trinity While m Fortress Hocroc
lit.irj Hi- Parish. He aftenmrd Is.-ame Ltimptniller of the Vestry. by llio Federal limiii L'i
1 " ' '" 1Kml I'r'^idr iH Buchanan appointed General Dix Post, of Ihe SUito of New York.
of New York city. On the resignation ..f Howell ,bo Fed'-id Armv. Defeat ae
'2, General Dix was tr
Vmi'.i Ivaaiii lo Fortress M cc,
command anil report lo .Major-;
Cobb as Secretary of the Treasury, Philip T. Thou
appointed by President Buchanan. Ho came lo New York
seeking lo obtain funds for tho depleted Treasury. The
banks and flnauelal ugeals in Wall Street did not respond, . nd
the President made Inquiry as to what would satisfy them.
They Hiked Iu name a Cabinet ofllcer, and, with singular
unanimity, named John A. Dix, and tho President offered
him Ihe portfolio of War. This General Dix declined, and
frankly staled to the President ihnt he could be of no service
to him, except In the Treasury Department. The President
In asked for lime, and Iho next dny secured the resignation of
sen*, UeoemJ nix's name to the
land TlioresnHdl
and he conliminl al
Confederate forces in
Juno General Dix V
occupy tho large for
ii Kii lltminl, j
unsiiinnjusly noicjoatct
candidate for Governor
wore Ihe black ibiya for
rumors of disa-lns irith
rn Slates [icrvntlcd ihe
adverse lo General Dix,
"ess Monroe, boMine ibe
check. On the Mth of
1 Itichi
I of the Confederatu Army, duriug the
win M. Sianlon bsTora It o< tnnnaltted, Mid rocclml
\\ approval. Thu fre-l.r- aW), to tvnloh wo ore Lailttaud
24
TH& SOLDI MR JM OUR CIVIL WAR.
absence ot tne roahl body la . ..-ir. ayivunia
[n conformity iviib these ordere, General IHi
i the York River with nbout 18,000
men, burned the bridj.'e. cut General Lee's
tine, of coimnuniraUoo, mptun.il many pri
■ra, including General Fits Hugh Lee,
and marched within ten miles of Richmond.
At this ninmint be wil- otik-red, hy General
Halleck, to fall buck, nnd scud nil tho troops,
not actually required to Iho defense of Wash-
ington, to reinforce Q en end Mendc It
was not the plan of General Dix to attempt
tho capture, of Richmond, hut ho hoped, by
boMing his tiwps within a few miles of Itfi
Sronjr fortifications, to nut only keep idle the
iorec already Inside the lines, hut to draw hack
to its defense.-! ten or twelve thou^md troops
th.it were umtiT umrr tiiusr orders to rrinforco
;uum.vn j. jtall,
LIEOTEHAMT HALL, WITII FLAC OF TRCCE AND LET'
A5TUR TI1F. FIRING OS T
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIJ'IL WAR.
SOUTH CAROLINA'S DEMAND UPON
PRESIDENT BUCHANAN.
Governor Pickens dispatched his Attorney-
general, Isaac W. Hayne, with a letter to Presi-
character, and turned him over to the Secretary of for possession, by purchase or conquest, of the
War. A number of the secession Senators :
interfered to prevent the delivery of Governor
Pickens's demands, either tor the purpose of trying
to heal the difficulties or to gain time, in order to
> knoi
edge
ISAAC W . HAY
BOOTH CAROLINA
CAROLINA'S ULT1MATD1]
dent Buchanan, making demand Eor the .surrender
of Fort- Sumter " to avoid the bloodshed which a
persistence in your attempts to retain the pos"
session of that fort will cause." Mr.
.lAsuiirt, rwi. Hayne had an interview with the
President on the 15th of January; but the Pre-
sident declined to recognize him in an official
Government forts in Charleston Harbor, the other
States, acting in apparent concert, seized Forts
Pulaski aud Jackson, in tho harbor of Savor
purpose there was no
intention to divert it.
He added that the
Government of the
United States would
continue to hold tho fort in that spirit, and
that the responsibility of an assault that might
disturb the beneficent purpose of the Gov-
ernment in holding its undoubted property would
rest on South Carolina, aud not on the general
Government. Taking advantage of the delays
incident to the formal demand of South Carolina
Fort Gaines and Morgan at Mobile ; Forts St.
Philip and Jackson below New Orleans ; Forts
Earnncas and McRao at Pensacola ; Fort Clinch
at Fernandina, Forts Caswell, Johnson and Macon
in North Carolina ; tho Mint and Custom House
at New Orleans, the Arsenal at Little Rock, Ark.,
and other Government properties in the South.
THE OLD STATE HOUSE AT COLUMBIA, WHERE THE SOUTH CAROLINA LEGISLATURE UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED THE ORDINANCE Of
SECESSION DECEMBER 80TH. I860.
THE "STAB OF THE WEST," WITH SUPPLIES FOE MAJOE ANDERSON, APPROACHING
EVACUATION OF FORT MOULTIUE JiV JIAJOU A'.pEU'XjN,
L'EMliLK Mm, i860.
THE "STAR OF THE WEST," WITH 3UPPLIES FOB MAJOR ANDERSON, APPROACHING FOBT S CM TEE - FIRED UPON FBOU vr>RT MOULTRIE AND T.
HE BATTERIES ON MOBRIH ISLAND.
28
THE SOLDIER IX OUR CIVIL WAR
1
II
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
29
REVIEW OF SOOTH CAROLINA VOLUNTEER TROOPS IN FORT .MOULTRIE, CHARLESTON
REVIEW OF SOUTH CAROLINA VOLUNTEER TROOPS IN" FORT .MOULTRIE, CHARLESTON BBOR,- THE WIFE AND DAUGHTER OF GOVERNOB PICKENS VISITING THE TROOPS.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE BEIZUitE Of THE UNITED STATES
ARSENAL AT AUGUSTA, GA
The following account of the seizure of the
Arsenal at Augusta, Ga., wo take from Avery's
u History of Georgia." (Now York: Brown* Der-
by. 18S2):
"From the date of Georgia'a secession, events
went forward swiftly. Governor Brown, with char-
acteristic promptitude, hastened to make practical
the sovereignty of the State. The United States
Hag was still living over tho Augusta
Arsenal. Captain Arnold Elzey was
in charge of it, in command of eighty United
States soldiore. During !ho heated public feeling
before secession tho people were in great excite-
ment over Federal occupation of the arsenal. This
excitement became almost uncontrollable when the
Federal flag continued to flout over tho arsenal
after secession, and it was tho all-absorbing theme
t"f talk. Governor Brown went promptly to Au-
gusta, arriving there on the %'id of January, 1861.
" Wabhetotos, January tad, 1881.
"Captain Arnold Ekrr, Seetmd ArtilUry, CamaandinQ J"-
ffitsta Anettal, Qa. ;
"'Hie Governor of Gcnrsia has assumed acdnst your post
and the United Stales an attitude or war. His summons is
harsh and peremptory. It ti oot expected that your defense
should lie desperate. If '. -cal to surrender hy violence or
starvation, yoa will slipuU e for honorable terms and a fret
passage by water with your company to New York.
••Secretary of War."
During tho day of the 23d, tho volunteers o£ tho
city were ordered out, and some eight hundred
troops responded. Tho refusal of Captain Ekoy to
surrender created tho exciting prospect of a battle,
and hence every man turned out that could raise
a uniform and n gun. Troops came in from tho
country.
The companies out were the Augusta Battalion,
companies A and B of tho minutcmen, and tho
militia, all under tho immediate command of
Lieutenant- colonel dimming. Brigadier-general
Harris had general direction, aided by Brigadier-
33
i terms of surrender wer"
the Arsenal, where i
agreed upon :
1. Tho United States flag was to bo Towered and saluted.
2. The company to march oat with military honors.
8. A receipt to be given for the property with a vtow tc
future adjustment,
4. The company to retain lb) iirai and property ; to ■*""
in its quartets until withdrawal from the Stale ; and to have
passage to New York by Savannah.
Tho State obtained n largo quantity of vnlnable
ordnance and munitions, among thorn a fine bat-
tery of two twelve-pound howitzers, two cannons,
twenty-two thousand musketfl and rillcs, many of
them of tho best kind, and heavy stores of powder,
grapo and other ammunition.
A silent oinbraco was Captain Elzo/a reply, nnd
tho incident Glled with tears tho oyea of those who
witnessed the touching incident between theso two
old army friends, suddenly placed in hostile relations
to each othor. The two were at West Point to-
gether.
Colonel Walker was afterward made a Major
THE ORDNANCE BUREAU AT CHARLESTON, S. 0.
Colonel, afterward Go leral H. It. Jackson, accom-
panied the Governor as his aid."
The following communication was addressed to
Captain Elzey:
" Auousta. Ga., January l!3d, 1801.
•Chpfiji* Arnold Slug. U.8.A,QmtntakdingAvgtutaATKnid:
"Sin: I am instructed by His E\cellea',y Governor
Brown to say to you that Georgia, havio;, seceded from
the United SuiUn of America, and resur.ol exclusive sov-
ryalgnty over bur soil, it has become m>- duly lo require you
10 withdraw the troops under your coanuaad at the earliest
Draetieablo moment from the liaiil3 of this Stale
'He proposes in take possession of Iho arsenal, and to
receipt for all public property under your charge, which
will he hereafter accounted for, oa adjustment between the
Stale of Georgia and the United States of America.
"He hc^-s to refer you to the fact Hint the retention of
foreign troops u|ion tho soil of Georiua after re moes trance
l!, under the laws of nations, an act of hostility, and bo
cairns that the Stale is not only at pence, hut anxious to
c titivate lb 3 moot amicable relations, with the United Slates
" I am further instructed to say that no answer will bo
ixnectcd by to-morrow moraine at nino o'clock.
"lam, sir, very ri.-sj-H.-ci fully, your obedient servant,
" He.vht R. .Tacksoh,
" Aide ■ dt-ea mp. "
Captain Elzey refused to give up the arsenal, and
tele"rapiied tho situation to tho authorities at
Washington, receiving at one o'clock at night
this reply r
general Williams, of Columbus. Colonel William
Phillips was on the Governor's Ktaff. Govornor
Brown determined to make no hostile demonstra-
tion on tho 33d, but to allow Captain Elzey a day
for consideration.
The troops were dismissed until the 34th, at nine
o'clock A.U.j when they reassembled, and were just
about to march for the Arsenal, when Captain Elzey
sent the following communication, which caused a
countermanding of tho ordor to march:
" IlEADqUAT.TEKS, A.OTDBTA AnsF.NAL, Qa., 1
"January 24th, ISO" I. )
" Slit : I have the honor to inform yoa that I am directed
by Captain El"y, cmnmanding this post, lo say, in reply lo
the demand of the Governor of the State of Georgia, made
through you yesterday, requiring him to withdraw die com-
mand beyond tin- limi'ls ..f the Stale : lie begs to request an
Interview with His Exeellcncy the Governor, for Ilia pur-
pose of negotiating honorable terms of surrender at as early
un hour this morning an pnirlicable. I have the honor lo be,
very respectfully, jour obedient servant,
"J. U. JONES,
" Lieutenant Second Artillery, Adj."
"To Colonel If. It. Jackson, Aide-de-tamp."
At ten o'clock Governor Brown, with Generals
Williams and Harris and his staff, Colonel II. II.
Jackson, Colonel William Phillips, Lieutenant-col-
onel M. C. Fulton, Lieutenant-colonel C. V. Walker
and Lieutenant-colonel Henry Cleveland, rodo to
general in tho Confederate Army. Ho was thn
possessor of the courage that bordered upon tho
desperate. He was peculiarly unfortunate, having
ocen frightfully wounded on three different occa-
sions in his service beforo tho war, once being
literally riddled by shot ; he was finally killed in
the battles nround Atlanta.
Tho garrison was called out, and the four field-
pieces used in firing the salute. Thirty-three gunB
were fired, one for each star on the old flag, Georgia
included.
Tho flag descended from the staff between the
thirty -second and thirty -third fire. All of the
officers of tho company, and some of those with the
Governor, had seen active service uudor it, with
Colonel Jackson, through the Mexican War.
Refreshments, wore ordered by C.ftnin Elzey, and
a number of toasts were pledged, several of them
deserving preservation. Colonel Jackson offered
this feeling and memorable sentiment: '" Tho flog
of stars and stripes, may it never bo disgraced while
it floats over a true Southern patriot." Thin toast
was warmly appreciated by the oflicera of the Fed-
eral company who were Southern officers. Gov-
ernor Brown, while not drinking wine, proposed a
toast to Captain Elzey, in which he paid that officer
a merited and generous compliment. Governot
Brown returned immediately to Alilledgeville.
GENEKAL VIEW OF THE CI'iY
THE BOMBAEDMEKT OF FORT SUMTER, SKETCBl
GENERAL VIEW OF THE CITY AND aARBOR OF CHARLESTON, B. (X
THE BOMBARDMENT OF FORT SUMTER. SKETCHED FROM MORRIS ISLAND, CHARLESTON HARBOR, S. 0.
36
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAK.
THE UNITED STATES REVENUE CUTTER " AIKEN," SEIZED IN CHARLESTON HARROR BY THE SOUTH CAROLINA AUTHORITIES.
CHARLESTON HARBOR- FORTS AND
DEFENSES.
Charleston and Charleston Harbor were, before
Hie War, defended by three fortifications - Castle
Pinekney, a small, old-fashioned work on the main
land ; Fort Moultrie, near the entrance to the
harbor, on Sullivan's Island; and Fort Sumter, a
splendid work, on an artificial island, toward the
mouth of the harbor.
Foi t Moultrie was situated on Sullivan'* Island,
north side of Charleston Harbor, nearly opposite
Fort Sumter, and distant from it about one and
one-eighth miles. Correctly :-[>.'aking, it wag a
huge water-bat tory, without any guns under cover.
Its armament consisted of eleven guns of heavy
calibre, and several mortars. Tho outer and inner
walls were of brick, capped with stone and filled
with earth, making a solid wall fifteen or sixteen
feet in thickness. After its abandonment by Major
Anderson, and before the attack on Fort Sumter,
it was much strengthened. Band-bag coverts having
been built between the guna, so that the latter were
protected from a transverse or raking fire. Fort
Moultrie occupied the site of the old Palmetto
Fort of the same name, where was fought one r>*
the most brilliant and decisive battles of the Rev'f
lution, when a few hundred men, who had now:
before fired a gun, beat off and nearly destroyed a
formidable British fleet, with a greater slaughter,
in proportion to the numbers engaged, than that
of tho bloody fights of Trafalgar and the Niie.
Upon the plan of Charleston Harbor the relative
IMP'- *.
is &*■ ,
J Wide PI
Castle
jpit/ftney
J>'\1
Flan of Operations
In
Charleston Harbour.
Floatina
Batlcrj/-^
¥
Tort John.von
Batteries,
UJCATIONS OP1 FORTS AND DEFENSES DIRECTED AGAINST FORT SUMTER.
jiFort SumJJtei:
i
■gff^- Cvmmvnts PP
■ V v Batteries
THE SOLDIER TN OUR CIVIL 1VAR.
37
joaitionB ui Forta Svmtei, Moultrie and Pinckney,
the insurgent batteries on Morris island, and the
City of Charleston, are shown. The positi
by the floating battery, on the day preceding the
attack on Fort Sumter, is also indicated in tho
plan. These illustrations present at a gli
belligerent operations against the Federal fori
Fort Snmter, tho immediate effect of which V
profound on the country
at large.
THE FLOATING
BATTERY.
This novel destructive,
anchored off tho southern
extremity of Sullivan's
island, performed ;i leading
part in tho attack on Fort
Sumter. It was constructed
under a storm of ridicule,
which was very effectually
silenced by its practical test.
It may bo taken, in con-
junction with tho iron bat-
tery on Cummings' Point,
as demonstrating a now and
important principle in tho
science of military defenses.
Tho battery was about one,
hundred feet long by
".wenty - fivo wide, built of
.-awed pine timber twelve
Inches 6quare. the bottom
f.at, tho gnu aide presenting
an angular front, the alopo
of which, upward anil down-
ward, was about forty de-
crees. This front was faced
with two thicknesses of
railway iron, running ver-
tically, with four thick-
inv-es additional "t boiler ire... ...
tl," ™d", .tract™ b.llind. ml pieroed to four BOMBARDMENT OF FORT SUMTER.
gnus of heavy calibre, requiring sixty men to work Majoji Anderson and his small garrison cvac-
them properly. Behind tho buttery, at the time uated Fort Moultrie on tho night of the 26tli Do-
of tho attack, was moored a floating hospital, com- cember, 1860, and tho morning of the 87th broke,
[ilotoly protected from horizontal lira by the de- revealing to tho astonished gazo of tho peoplo of
f wises in front, and only exposed to shell. The Charleston the national flag floating defiantly over
magazines were in the hold of tho battery, pro- Sumter. They turned their eyes to Moultrie, only
tceted by layers of sand-bags sis feet in thick- to seo dense volumes of smoke rising from the
ibs, tho weight of which served as a counterpoise burning carriages of tho guns on its walls. An
WHO ROASTED O
EDMUND RUFFIH, OF V
'the honor of fibucq the i
iico, hu committed suleldo l.y blow!
m, all bolted firmly to
io that of the gun:
ward, some workmen arriv-
ing from Sullivan'a Island, explained
to the excited citizens of Charleston what bad oc-
curred. Tho troops wero immediately put in
motion ; tho Convention hastily met in secret ses-
sion, and the city was stirred to its centre. Gov-
r Pickens sent n noto to Major Anderson for
an explanation of the movement, and demanding
under what authority it had been made. That
officer responded, assuming the responsibility of
tho act, and justifying it as uuo of defensive na-
ity. On April 6th, over threo month* after
Anderson oecnpied Fcrt Sumter, the Gov-
ernment decided on its line of policy
in respect to Fort Sumter and the
menaced fortresses of the United States, and
sent to Ohaileston two messengers, who reached
that city on tho 8th. Ono of these, Lieutenant
Theodore Talbot, U. S. A., brought dispatches tc
Major Anderson ; and the
other, Mr. R. A. Chew, ol
tho department of State,
was directed to inform the
authorities at Charleston
that the Government hail
determined to send supplies
to Major Anderson, peace-
ably if possible, but that
no attempt would bo made
to reinforce that officer,
unless tho vessel carrying
provisions should ho assail-
ed. The authorities at
Charleston would not allow
Lieutenant Talbot to pro-
ceed to Fort Sumter, and
Major Anderson was con-
sequently left in ignorance
of tho determination and
plans of his Government.
Mr. Chow, however, con-
veyed to Governor Pickens
nnd General Beauregard tlw
nicssago with which no Wi.
intrusted, declining at the
same time to receive a
reply ; tho ohject of hh
mission being to so advise
tho local authorities that
ntiEB." they might not interpret
wtth ncun.nTtnc. Il peaceful and humane act
into a menace, or hostile
demonstration against themselves. General Beau
regard immediately communicated by telegraph
with the Provisional Government of the Confed-
erate States at Montgomery.
On April 13th, 1801, 3:20 a.ji., Major Ander-
son received the following communication:
" Majoii Andi:iishn, Sin: By authority of Brifjiidh*--
Genurul Bisiiirejfinl. runiiiiiiulifig Mie [imvisiuiml forces o[
tho Confederate Stales, we have. i!io honor lo uolify you
llml lie il ill open Hie lire of Ills liutttri.'S oa Fort HuiKiei
in an hour from this time. Wc have, tho honor to Ihj Torj
respectfully, your obedient servants,
" Jjuies Chestnut, Jr., Aide-de-camp,
D. Lee, Captain, C.S.A."
At 4:2fl A. is. of the 12th of April fire was
opened on Fort Snmter. Major Anderson resolved
not to return the fire until broad daylight, not
wishing to waste any of his ammunition. To the
astonishment of .Major Anderson, a masked battery
of heavy columbiads, of the existence of which he
had uot the slightest intimation, opened lire iron;
LNTEB1UR VIEW lib fOUT
MODLTH1E AS ENGAGED IN THE BOMBAHUMEXT AGAINST FORT SfMTEii
THH SOLDIBB IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
39
tru"t part of Sullivan's IbIoCj aeur \jx looting bat-
tery. It was covered with bruab and other mate-
rial, which completely concealed it. It was skill-
fully constructed and well secured. Seventeen
mortars. Bring ten -inch shell, and thirty -three
Heavy puna, mostly eolumbiads, were engaged in
the assault. The effect of tho shot against the
wuIIb was lerrillc, and many of tho shells took
effect inside tho fort.
Breakfast was had at half-past sis o'clock, lei-
surely and calmly, after which the command was
formed into three reliefs, equally dividing the
officers and men. The first relief was under the
command of Captain Donbleday, of tho artillery,
and Lieutenant Snyder, of tho engineer, corps.
This detatclimcnt went to tho guns, and opened
tiro upon tho (Jamming's Point Battery, Fort Moul-
trie, and Sullivan's Island. Tho iron battery was
of immense strength, and most of tho shot struck
and glanced off again ; tho fire was eo terrific on tho
parapet of Fort Sumter that Major Anderson re-
fused to allow the guns to he manned. Had it beer,
permitted, every one would have boon sacrificed.
Fort Moultrie was considerably damaged by the can-
nonading f; ;ai Fort Sumtor, many of tho shot hav-
ing taken effect on the embrasures. Sovornl shot
"track tho floating battery, hut very little damage
wn3 done. The reliefs wore changed every four
hours. The little garrison succeeded in dismount-
ing two guns oa Cumming*s Point lhu-
tory. A now English rilled-gun, which
was employed by tho insurgents, was fired
iviih great accuracy, several of tho shot
entering tho embrasures of Fort Sumtor,
one of thorn slightly wounding four men.
Tho foil effect of tho firing could not bo
known to those in the- fort; it was im-
possible to sec, and they had no reports
from tho other side. The men owed their
safety to tho extraordinary care excr-
I'ised by the officers m command, A man
was kept constantly on tho lookout, who
would cry " shot" or "shell " at every shot
rbo enemy made, thus affording tho men
ample time to seek shelter. Tho work-
men were at first rather reluctant to assist
tho soldiers in working tho gnus, but they
gradually took hold, and rendered valu-
able assistance. But few shots wore fired
before every one of them became desper-
ately engaged in the conflict. One gun
had to ba abandoned on account of the *T Tni
close firo made upon it. Hearing tho firing
renewed, Major Anderson went to tlio spot, and
found a party of workmen engaged in serving
the gnu ; one of these was seen stooping over it,
with his hands on h;s knees, convulsed with joy.
"What are you doing hero with that gun ':" was
asked. - "flit it right in tho centre 1" was the
reply; tho man meaning that his shot had taken
effect, in tho centre of tho floating battery.
Peter Hurt had been a most valuable assistant to
Major Anderson and his little garrison, acting in
the capacity of confidential mail ageut and market-
man before the actual siego began ; and it was now
found that Mrs. Anderson, in her cstimuto of this
man's ability to aid and comfort her husband, had
not been mistaken ; fur, since the day she gained for
him admission in the fort, he, while keeping faith-
fully tho promiso exacted from Major Anderson by
Governor Pickens "that ho should not be enrolled
as a soldier," had dono such other service ba no en-
listed man or ofheor could have performed. During
the bombardmont he had successfully fought the
tires constantly breaking out inside tho fort from
the hot shot of tho besiegers' guns, until on the
second day the barracks caught firo from a ten-iuch
shell, and tho danger to be encountered in tho at-
tempt to eatauguish it was so great that Major
Anderson ordered him not to attempt it.
The effect of the fire was inoro disastrous than
could have been supposed. The subsequent shots
if the insurgents were more effective in conse-
,1101100; the walls wore weakened, and tho men
•*ero more exposed, Tho main gates wore de-
turoved by fire, thus leaving the garrison exposed
from outside to assault. Five hundred men could
lave formed on the gorge, and marched into the fort
without meeting much opposition. The firo spread
around the fort on all sides. Fearful that the walls
if the magazine might crack, and tVe shells pierce
"nd prostnto them, tho powder was token out
before the tire bad fully enveloped it; ninety -sia T. -.^ "* of crawling througn on, uabnuun,
barrels of powder were taken out and thrown mto Lieutenant bnydor called out to him, " Major An-
the sea, leaving two hundred barrels still in the derson is at tho main gate." He passed through
fort. Owing to a lock of cartridges. Eve men were the embrasure in tha casemate, paving no attcn
kept inside the magazine, sewing them up as they tion to what tho lieutenant had said." Here he was
were wanted ; thus consuming sheets, blankets, met by Captain Foster, LioutenaiiLi Meado and
shirts of tho meu, and all available material in the Davis. Ho said :
fort. When the magazine had finally to be closed, "I wish to see Major Anderson; I nm General
and the material for cartridges was exhausted, tho Wigfall, and come from General Beauregard." He
garrison was left destitute of any means to con- then added, in nn excited manner: -Let us stop
tinuo the contest; the last biscuit had heen eaten this fighting; j ju ore on fire, and your (lag is
thirty-six hours before. Thb dense smoke from down. Lot us quit."
the burning buildings was stifling; the men lay "No, sir," Lieutenant Davis replied, "our flat-
prostrate on tho ground, with wet handkerchiefs is not down. Stop out hero, and you will see it
over their months ond eyes, gasping for breath, waving ovor the ramparts."
It was a moment of imminent peril. If an eddy of "Lot us quit this," said Wigfall, "Hero's n
wind had not ensued, all the men, probably, would white flag; will anybody wave it out of tho em-
have been suffocated. The crashing of the shot, braanre P"
the bursting of the shells, the falling of tho walls, "That is for yon to do, if yon ■:hooso," one of
and tho roar of tho flames, made u paudeiiiouinm of the officers replied,
tho fort. " If thoro is no one olso to do it," Wigfall ro-
Tho aim of tho insurgents had bean principally sponded, "I will." And, jumping into the em-
directed at tho flagstaff, from which waved proudly brasuro, ha wared the Dag toward Moultrie and tho
the Stars and Stripes. After two days' incessant batteries on Sullivan's Island,
firing, the flagstaff was finally shot away. In answer to his ropeatcd request, one of tho
This was noticed only by the besiegers, and mis- officers said that one of his mon might hold the
taken us a sign of surrender. No ono in the fort flag, and Corporal Binghurst jumped into tho em-
had looked for, and missed, the Stars and Stripes, brasuro. The shot continuing to strike all around
and, heeding not the tire or the shots of tho bim, he leaped down again, after 'laving waved
tho flag a fow moments, and said : "Thov
don't respect thu flag ; thoy are firing at
B EQUESTRIAN STATUE O
'JIIS'-NO MELTING " IN UNION SQO.V11E, ATHU. 2QTU, 1801.
"If yon will show a white flng from
your ramparts, they will cease firing."
Wigfali then said.
"If you request that a flag shall ho
shown there, while yon hold a conference
with Major Anderson, and for that pur-
pose, it may bo doue," Lieu tenant Davis
replied.
At this pnint Major Anderson camo Tip
Wigfall said :
"I am General Wigfull, and como from
General Beauregard, who wishes to stop
this."
Major Anderson, then rising to his full
height, replied, "Well, sir 1"
"Major Anderson," exclaimed Wigfall,
" you have defended your (lag nobly, sir.
You have dono all that, it is possible for
men to do, and General Beauregard wishes
to stop tho fight. On what terms will you
evacuate this fortP"
enemy, Peter Hatt gathered up the banner, and Mai ir Anderson's reply was: "General Deaure-
nailmg it to a temporary staff, nailed this staff to gard is already acquainted with my only terms."
the highest part of the remaining ruins; and "Do I understand that you will evacuate upon
when the hesiogers soon after sought an interview the terms proposed the other day?"
with Major Anderson, they found "tho flag was "Yes, sir; and on thoso conditions only."
still thero." " Then sir," said Wigfall, " 1 understand, Jiajor
Roman, in his lato book, "The Military Opera- Anderson, that the fort is to be ours P"
tions of General Beauregard " (Harper &, lirotliors, " On thoso conditions only, I repeat."
1SS4), describes this scene in these words: "Very well." said Wigfall ; and ho retired.
A short timo afterward, a deputation consisting
of Senator Ubestnut, Roger A. Pryor, Captain Lee,
y rrae in [lie 1U"^ W* Porchor Miles, camo from General Bcuilre-
air, nnd it 1W0 lienmio apparent that the hirniol;* of the fnrt gard, and had an interview with Major Anderson,
had brea aX on flroliy forty rounds of red-hot sliot thrown when it camo out that Wigfall had uo authority to
from an dghMmfc whimuind al Port Moultrie, by a dcineh- apenk for General Beauregard, but acted on ' his
moat of romp.uiv B. un.br UiUnvint Alfn.l Rhetl Tins olm ," ,;|ljm "Theu/'said Lieutenant Davis,
-i-til irn-ri-;!"..l tho vi-nrnt <,nr ndii.k. l,.rli olTk.T. and :neo " , l ', .,..,". , ,
feeling now that tha garrtwn would soon bo brought to terms. ,vo ,mvo uoon deceived. And Major Anderson,
In spile, however, of tela now ond terrible element against perceiving the state of tho case, ordered tho na-
whlch it hud to rnntend, the fort olitl responded to the fire of lional flag to be raised to its place.
A. Jf., in llio thickest nf the linm-
.-i oWrvcil f-nrtini; up from Fort
"dily r "
baUcrits, llin.iyh ul Inntr anil irr.'jnilur intervals only
' Appreciating the critical position of tho enemy, and
carried awiiyhy Ibdr own enthusiasm, our troop* monukd
(he parapets In their front, nnd cheered Major Aiulcniin iu
each sacossivo dfKhargu thai camo from the fort, deriit
in;; nnd limiting thu while, wlinl to them seemed the lunor
ons Inaction of the fleet ottfeide the bar.
" MatleiH bud evidently ran bed :i eri-;- [or tho nr-n within
the walls of Sumter. Fi-aritij; lliut tome Urn1 ..,1 maty
might befall (In a>. -nd 1. ,.,■: jr,r..rtt.L-l ll.nl Ihe I idler1 Slnltt
but declined lo accept aid. Before General Bcun-gunl's
aids could gel to the fort. Die United Sinks n*s, which had
not been hauled nnwn, ns wc supposed, but ijid fnllen from
the effects of a shot, wo* hoincd tuew.'
Early in tho afternoon of the 13th, ox-Senator
Wigfall. of Texas, made lihj uppearamio at one of
asked to gee M>
Tho deputation, however, requested him to keep
the flag down until they could communicate with
tlonera) Beauregard, as mutters were liable to be-
come complicated. They left, and between two
and three hours afterward - tho garrison meanwhile
exerting themselves to extinguish the fire in the
barracks - another doputation came from General
Beauregard, agreeing to the terms of cvactu.lion
previously proposed. This waa on Saturday even-
ing. That night the garrison took what rest they
coulo, Next day, tho Isabel came down and an-
chored near the fort. The steamer Clinch was need
as a transport to take tho garrison to the Itehrl,
but the transfer was too late to allow the Iwlnl to
go out with that tide.
The terms cf the evacuation wore, that the gar-
rison should take their it dividual and eompanj
property, and that hoy should march ont with
their side and other anna, with the hor-ors of war.
in their own war and at their own trine, and thu*
40
THE SOLDIER JN OUR CIVIL WAR.
they should salute their flag, and take it with Here Captain Anderson was severely wounded, and where ne armeu on the 18th 01 April. He wa?
(Iiem here he won, for gallant and meritorious conduct, received with the utmost enthusiasm, and on the
The insurgents agreed to furnish transports, as his brevet as major, bearing date September 6th, 23d waa officially welcomed by the corporation.
Major Anderson might select, to nny part of the 1S47 ; a title which is so honorably linked with his when the Mayor, Fernando Wood, presented him
country, either by hind or water. When the bag- mime and national renown. with the freedom of tho city in a golden casket ■
gage of tho garrison was all on hoard tho transport, The condnct of Captain Anderson at El Molino after which ho received tho citizens at largo in the
a portion of the soldiers remaining inside, under del Rey is most favorably chronicled in the reports Governor's Room of the City Hall.
arms, were told off as gunners to serve in saluting of the day. General Garland, in his dispatch, eays : By order of the President, the Secretary of War
the Amorieau flag. ■'Captain Robert Anderson (acting field-officer) officially conveyed to Major Anderson the approba-
When the last gun was fired, the flag was lowered behaved with great heroism on this occasion. Even tion of the Government; and, on repairing to
amid the cheering of the men. At the fiftieth after receiving n severe and painful wound, he con- Washington, he received in person a flattering
discharge there was a premature explosion, which tinued at the head of the column, regardless of acknowledgment of his services, and the offer of
killed one man instantly, seriously
wounded nnothor, and two more
not so badly. The men were
then formed and marched out, the
band playing "Yankee Doodle'"
and "Hail to the Chief."
ROBERT ANDERSON,
THE DEFENDER OF FORT SUMTER,
Robert Anderson was born
June 14th, 1805, in Kentucky.
Entering the Military Academy
at West Point, as a cadet, in 1821,
he graduated July 1st, 1825 ; was
breveted second lieutenant of tho
Second Artillery, and was almost
immediately transferred to the
Third Artillery. Steadily follow-
ing his profession, he served as
acting inspector -general of the
Illinois Volunteers in tho Black
Hawk War, from May to October,
1832. In this connection, it is a
striking coincidence that Abraham
Lincoln and Jefferson Davis also
served in that war. Abraham
Lincoln was the captain of tho
Illinois Volunteers, of which An-
derson was inspector- general ; and
Jefferson Davis, a second lieu-
tenant in the regular army, won
his first "spurs" at that period,
having been detailed on special
duties of an important character.
Who could havo foretold then
that these three men would have
been so peculiarly linked together,
in tho most important era of Ame-
rican history since the Declaration
of Independence ? that Anderson
would in the future occupy so im-
portant and trying a position be-
tween the sectional allurements on
the one side, and the national
duties on the other, represented
respectively by Davis and Lincoln?
Anderson was promoted to a
first lieutenancy, June, 1833; was
assistant-instructor of artillery in
the Military Academy at West
Point from September to Decem-
ber, 1835, when ho was appointed
instructor - in which position ho
remained until December, 1S37.
Lieutenant Anderson served as
aide-de-camp to General Scott in
1838, and on tho 2d of April of
that year was breveted captain for
gallant and successful conduct in
the war against tho Florida In-
dians; his next service was assist-
ant adjutant -general, with tho
rank of captain, from July 7th,
1833, which office he relinquished in November, pain and self-preservation, and sotting a hand-
1841, having been appointed captain in his own somo example to his men, of coolness, energy and
regiment in tho October previous. courage." Tho effect of tho heavy batteries which
Captain Anderson served with conspicuous dis- he directed at Chapultepcc also commands the en-
tinction throughout tho Mexican War. From the comium of General Scott in his dispatches,
siege of Vera Cruz, under General Scott, to the In 1800 Major Anderson was appointed to tho
occupation of the capital of Mexico, he was noted command of tho forts in Charleston Harbor, and
for his calmness and efficiency as an artillery ho took possession of Fort Sumter on tho night of
officer. At Vera Cruz, tho battery under his com- December 25th, I860. The strategic courso pur-
mand was unerring in its precision. El Molino sued by Major Andorson won the immediate ap-
ilel Rey was, as one of tho historians of the Mox- planso of tho country, and commanded even the
'can War says, "proportionally the bloodiest battle respect of the secessionists. After the bombard^
.if tho war, long to bo remembered as tho scene of mont of Fort Sumter, on
'.uraordlr.ary actions, and long grieved over as that April, and its evacuation i
thich made the craves of brave and nob'a men." derson with his command sailed for New York
ROBERT ANDERSON.
l lengthened furlough to recruit
nia health, considerably shattered
oy a long confinement in Fort
Snmtor, under a load of responsi-
bilities. Breveted major-general,
April 13th, 1861, he commanded
the departments of Kentucky and
of the Cumberland ; and retired
from active service October 27th,
1863. While endeavoring to seek
a restoration to health abroad, he
died. October 26th, 1871, at Nice,
France, aged sixty-six. He trans-
lated "Instructions for Fiold Ar-
tillery, Horse and Foot," and
"Evolutions of Fiold Batteries."
CORRESPONDENCE.
Hkidquarthrb Provisional Akhv
-A.,
:)
CnAHMiKTON, S. C, April 11th-
7" ibij-r H'Jvrt Anilrr.-m, Gimtutiiuling
at Furl Sumter, Gftaricttm Harbor,
South Carolina.
Sra: The Government of the Con-
federate Slates linn hitherto forborne
from nay Hostile demunMmlioa ogninst
Fort Slimier, in tho hope that the Gov-
ernment of the United Stales, with n
view to the amicable. adjustment of all
It be tuTordnl
fort, and t<
which I rce
for the foir,
high compliment paid
fully, your obedient Kl
tumid, liiL-vdirr u ill i 1 1 'Tn| '.hi v arms and
properly, and all private property, to nny
port in Nil* United Stall-* wliitli yea may
select. The (lug which you liavo upheld
so lone;, nud with so much fortitude, may
be saluted by you on taking it down.
Colonel Chestnut and Captain Lee will,
for a rciuuumhlt' lime, await your answer,
lam, sir, very respectfully, your obedient
servant,
P. G. T. Bkauheoard,
Brigadier-general Commanding
HkAUQUARTKHS FnllT StrUTF.R, 8. C, I
April 11th, 1801. (
7b Bn.jtulier-gnwral P. O. T. Jkiiu regard,
Qammait'liiig I'mruitwil Ann;/, C.8.A.
General : I have the honor to ac-
knowledge the receipt of your communi-
cation deinamlitiii Hie evacuation of this
in reply thereto that it Li a demand with
nit my si' use of honor, and ■>[ my nt'li^iti'm
.■at. prevent my compliance. Thanking y oil
ly and courteous terms prupuvii. and for tin
I rcmuia, general, very respect
Rout] it An DERSON,
iTajur Unittd Btdtet Army, Caramandinf
FTnAnqrARTfiBfl PbovtHOICAI, A.hmt, O. S. A. , (
Ciuiu.ksto.h-, S. C, April 111b, l&Ol-li r.u. f
7b Major Robert Audemtn, Commanding at Fort Sumter.
Charlatan Harbor, 8. 0.
, Major: In consequence of tho verbal observations mnnV
the 12th and 13th of ^ yo(] (n mv n|r,s Mefflrs_ chestnut and Lee, In relation to
r the 14th, Major An- the condition of your rupplfra, and that you would, m a fun
daVB. bo starved out. If our puns did not hotter vou to nieces
'I HE SOLDIER IN OUR CI I'll, WAR.
41
jr wuois to tout effect, and desiring no useless effusion of
Mow], I communicated liuth He verbal observation and your
written nnswer 10 my communication to my Government. It
you will stale flu: time you will evn.:uaK- Fort Suciicr, and
ugree. in the nwnnlunc, yon will not me your guns u^in?l
oh. uniiss ours shall be i-mplnyeil against Fort Sumter, wc
bIiuII alwlain item opening (In- upon you. Colonel Chestnut
anil Captain Lee are authorized by uie to enter into each
DU nBTtwmPDt with you. You are, therefore, requested, to
communicate to thorn an open answer. I remain, Major,
very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. G. T. BeMTIMWAKD,
BrigaiW.r--jint.ral, Cunuu/fiimg.
llEAOquARTERS FonT StTHTEn, 1
South Caiwlika, \
3:30 a.m., April 12th. 1881. )
T-i Brigadier-general P. 0. T. Deary
ra/arJ, Gnamnmiinfi PretUiontK
Army, 0.8. A.
Geneual : I have the honor to
acknowledge Hie receipt of your
second eommunkation of Hie 11th
inslunt by Colonel Chestnut, and
to state in reply that, cordially
uniting; with you in the de-ire to
avoid the useless effusion of lilood.
I Trill, if provided with the no-
Cetsaiy means of transportation,
evacuate Fort Su.nlcr by
the lljtli instant, should I not re-
celve. prior to that lime, control-
ling inMrudions from my Gi
uiciit, or additional supplies
that I will
open my fii
lews compel
soma i".rti.
[lerpetmtion
April 12
Shijor Ibbei
Sat : By in
general Bean
Hie provision;
16th, 1847, for "gallant and meritorious conduct
at the battle of Chapultepec," in which ho was
twice wounded. General Tot leu, chief of the
engineer department, added to the foregoing gen-
eral orders : " It affords the department high satis-
faction to communicate to you the well-earned
record of your efforts on the fields of Mexico."
A lull in military affairs followed the close of tho
Mexican War, and Major Beauregard expressed n
purpose to leave the service. General Scott and
General Persifer !■'. Smith each wrote to Beauregard
iiniify ;
P. G. T. BEAUREGARD,
THE uESIEGEIl OF F011T
SUMTER.
Pierre Gustaye Tou-
tant Beauregard, whoso
name is so widely known us
the commander of the troops
of the Confederate States"
in Charleston, S. 0., was,
previous to the resigning of
his commission, a distin-
guished officer of engineers
in tho United States service,
in that capacity won tho
esteem of his superior officers on more than one
occasion.
oneral Beauregard was horn in tho Parish of St.
Bernard, near the City of New Orleans, in the State
of Louisiana, on the 38th of May, 1818. He entered
tho United States Military Academy at West Point,
s cadet, in 1834. Of Welsh and French stock, ho
early displayed thoso qualities which are strikingly
characteristic of the Celtic and Gallic military
minds. Young Beauregard graduated second in a
class of forty-five, and on July 7th. 1S38, he wus
appointed second lieutenant in tho United States
Engineers.
Lieutenant Beauregard was highly distinguished
n the Mexican War. He was breveted captain.
August 20th, 1847, "for gallant and meritorious
conduct at the battles of Confronts and Chnrn-
jniBQor" and won biB brevet as major, September
P. G. T. rtEAUREiiAHH.
to dissuade him, paying handsome tribute to his
skill and gallantry, and the loss his resignation
wonld bo to the army and the country. He remained
in the service in charge of ■•the Mississippi and
Lake defenses of Louisiana."
On tho 8th of November, 18(10, he was appointed
superintendent of tho United States Military
Academy at West Point by direction of the Presi-
dent. Major Beauregard, late in December, 18H0,
when en route for West Point, reported to General
Totton at the Wnr Department, Washington, and
avowed his intention, should Louisiana secede from
tho Union, to resign his commission and go with
his State. He also called on General Scott to
express this determination to resign, but failed to
find him in Washington. He then stopped in New
York city. Several army friends, Captain Mansfield
Loyal] and Captain G. W Smith, approved of his
proposed coarse, and declared thai, were they simi-
larly situated, they would act in the same manner.
Major Beauregard had been but a few days in
command at West Point, when the new Secretary of
War, Mr. Holt, revoked tho order appointing him,
and ordered him to return to his former station at
New Orleans. On his return ho passed through
New York, and there was informed of the secession
of his State, and requested to immediately rotarn.
On reaching tho dock to take pttssngo for Now
Orleans, he witre&sed the arrival of tho Star of the
Wesl from off Charleston,
with shot-holes in her hull
and smokestacks. Ho went
on board, and was entcrlained
by her commander with a
graphic account of his ex-
periences in Charleston
Harbor.
On reaching Now Orleans,
Governor Mooro requested
him to take charge of tho
defenses of tho city, but de-
clined until he had formally
resigned his commission in
tho United States Army.
This he did tho same day,
-^ and joined as a private tho
battalion of Now Orleans
Guards, composed of tho elite
of tho Crcolo population of
Now Orleans.
Major Beauregard advised
the Military Board to arm
Forts Jackson and St. Philip
with tho heaviest guns pro-
curable, and transfer all the
heavy guns from the four
inferior works - concentrat-
ing the whole armament and
force within the two forts.
Ho also drew plans and made
estimates far two river ob-
structions, consisting of
heavy booms and river llut-
boats, with chains, ropes, etc.,
to bo worked from the shore,
and raised or lowered at will,
to allow free passage of
friendly, and fully prevent
the passage of tho enemy's,
boats. Had these plans been
adopted the Federal flotilla,
in April, 1802, would have
found more difficulty in run-
ning the gantlnt of tho
forts, and New Orleans would
not have been so easily cap-
tured ; but a Military Board
did not approve of the plan.
Beauregard was summoned
to Montgomery on the 'l'i<\
of February, I8C1, by L. P.
Walker, Sccrc-
tary of iVur, by
request of President Davis.
He arrived at the Confederate
Capitol on the 26th, and tho
same day suggested such u
system of heads of bureaus in
the War Department as would
relieve tho Secretary of detail
work, and suggested friends
in the old service competent to take charge of tho
several departments. Among these wore Captains
G. W. Smith and Mansfield Lovell, of Now York,
who accepted the positions, and arrived in Mont-
gomery after the battle of Hull Run.
President Davis appointed Beauregard to take
command at Charleston and to direct operations
against Fort Sumter, and commissioned him first
Brigadier- general in the provisional army of the
Confederate States. His resignation from the
United States Army had not yet, to his knowledge,
been accepted, and he declined to take up arms
against the United States Hag nntil officially re-
lieved from his fealty to it; and so expressed him-
self to President Davis, who urged his acceptance of
the position. Telegraphic communication being jet
open to Washington, he was informed the next day
of the acceptance of his resignation by President
4-2
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Uincii 1st, 1861.
Buchanan, and he repaired .o .;iiarlceion, to take
command of the State troops, snould the authori-
ties of Sou tli Carolina ao desire. Gov-
ernor Pickens proposed to put General
Beauregard in command without delay; but this
olfer was declined until he could thoroughly ac-
quaint himself with the forces, various batteries,
available resources in ordnance and progress of the
works already begun.
General Beauregard's farther military history will
be fonnd in the succeeding pages of this work, in
connection with the battles and sieges in which he
'" tl,0'r '"'
hor, privations and en-
at the batteries, and at
other posts, have exhibited tho high-
est characteristic of tried soldiers."
The day after the surrender being
lun day a Te Deitm was sang, with
great pomp, in tho beautiful Ca lie-
tral of St. John and St. Finbor, and
in the churches devout thanks were
offered for the triumph of the army
of Snntb Carolina and the bloodless
victory gained. The Right Rev. Tho-
mas Frederick Davis, tho venerable
Bishop of the Diocese, who was to-
tally blind ami quite feeble, was led
by the rector to the eucrcd desk in
the old and historic St. Philip's Epis-
copal Chinch, where ho addressed tho
congregation with a fow impressive
and stirring words. He said : ■'Your
boys were there, and mine were there,
and it was right ihat they should be
there. They hud laid their cause be-
fore God, and God hail most signally
blessed their dependence on him."
In less than three weeks the Con-
federates had entirely robnilt, armed
and garrisoned Fort Sumter.
DEMONSTRATIONS ON THE BATTEUY AT CHARLESTON, S. O., DDBING THE BOMBARDMENT OF FORT SUMTER.
THE SOLDIER IN OVR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
45
GULF / OF
MEX ICO
A flucrr
THE UNITED STATES NAVY YARD, PBNSACOLA BAY, FLA, - SANTA RU.SA ISLAND, AND TUB ODLP AND DAY POUTS,
PENSACOLA HABEOH,
'Fni: harbor of Ponsacola is probably the largest
il i nl finest on iho whole coast of ilio Mexican Gulf,
fur which reason it nits sulci; ted by the Government
of tho United States as its principal southern nil ml
station. It accordingly established there a navy-
yard, an arsenal, and a marine hospital, and built
several heavy fortifications for its defense.
The town of Pensacola, previously a misnrablo
settlement, soon became of Borne importance, and
now numbers several thousand inhabitants, chiefly
workmen in the employ of tho Government, or de-
pendent on it. Pensacolo is sixty-four miles to tho
rastward of Mobile, and ono hundred and eighty
from Tallahassee, Florida.
On the opposite side of tho harbor from Fensa-
eola is tho Iong^ low island of Santa Kosa, protect-
ing it from tho Gulf. At ita extreme western
point, and completely commanding tho entrance to
tho harbor, as well as the harbor ilself, is Fort
Pickens. This is a bastioned work of tho first
class, built of New York granite. Its walls aro
forty-five feet in height, by twelve in thickness. It
is embrasured for two tiers of guns, which, aro
placed under bomb-proof casemates, besides having
ono tier of guns en barbette. The guns from the
work radiate to every point of the horizon, with
flank and enfilading lire, at every angle of approach.
Tho work was commenced in 1S2S, and finished in
1833, at a cost of nearly ono million of dollars.
When on a war footing, its garrison consists of
1,200 soldiers. Tho total armamont of tho work,
when complete, consists of 210 guns, 03 of which
are iron forty- two - pounders, 17 thirty -two-
ponndors, 49 twenty- four -pounders, 5 eighteeus,
13 twelves, G brass field pieces, 2G brass flank
howitzers, 1 thirteen-inch mortar, 4 heavy ten-
inch mortars, 4 light oight-inoh mortars, 4 aiiteev
inch stone-mortars, 5 Coliorn mortars.
President Buchanan, fearing to irritaUi the
Southern Members of Congress, and desiring to
find some peaceable solution to the question agita-
ting the two sections, delayed reinforcing the forta.
Learning that the State troops had seized the Navy
Yard and Forra Barrancas and MIEae, and threat-
ened Fort Pickens, he oonannted to dispatch the
war - steamer lircokiyu wit provisions, military
stores and ninety artillerymen from Fortress Mon-
roe, to tho relief of Pickens.
There wore at this time three or four small
steamers under Captain J, H. Ward,
Hu, is*, rj^.if^ thon in the ooflst Surrey
service, which Captain Vogdes was nleo to employ.
Under a promise from Senator Mallory, of Florida,
that no attack would bo made on Fort Pickens, tho
commander of the relief squadron was ordered by
joint telegram from tho War and Navy- Department)
not to land any troops at tho fort unless it shnnld
be attacked. By this arrangement the garrison in
__ _j^M£z _ IB t I L-*.Vs VT n 0 n n n "n"p fs 1 i 0 H ' *r*i*\ ___
TOBT PIDCEjre, ON SANTA ROSa ISLAND, PENSAtOLA BAY, FLA
Kntninrc 1,1 [|:lr!Wr
BELIEF OF FOUT PICKENS, SANTA KOSA ISLAND, PENSACOLA I
castle pmckney. (?
"i""*'1' FMlSIe&ffi. KnlmncL-lo Harbor v . p- l.
""*■ F<," PWura. Encampment nt Cimi("1it.iI(s. LtjQlh(._
BELIEF OF FOF.T PICKENS, SANTA ROSA ISLAND, PENSACOLA B&, FLA, BY THE UNITED STATES FLEET API
', APRIL 17ra, 1S81.
OASTLB PINCKNET. CHARLESTON HARBOR, & C
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Fort Pickens were left without reinforcements,
while they saw tbeir abandoned forts on shore
being strengthened and strongly garrisoned by the
Statu troops.
THE DEFENSE OF FORT PICKENS.
WHKK Florida seceded, Governor Perry decided
to seize this fort, and issued orders for its imme-
diate possession by the State troops. Lie n ton nut
A. J. Slemmer, the commander of the fort, hull
heard of this intention on the part of the Governi.r
curly in January, and soon after, when lie learned
that the Forts near Mobile had been Blirreuderi'il tu
Alabnna tronps, he took immediate measures tu
save to his Government those under his commune!,
if possible.
The Navy Yard was in charge of Commodore
Armstrong, an old captain of the United States
Navy. Lieutenant Slemmer, in cotii-
J""iRV' mU pany with Lieutenant Gilinan, visited
the Navy Yard, and sought the co-operation of
Com mod ore Armstrong.
As no special orders hud been received from the
Naval Department at Washington, the veteran com-
modore declined to join the young lieutenants in
any action, unless under positive orders. Slemmer
immediately took measures to secure the ponder at
Fort Barrancas, which fort ho did not hope, with
the small force at his command, to hold. He,
however, caused the batteries to be put in order,
strengthened the guard, and at sunset of January
8th raised the drawbridge that gave access to the
fort.
The same evening a small force of armed State
troops approached the fort. On their discovery by
the sentinel an alarm was given ; and, finding the
draw up and their presence known, they withdrew.
The nest morning instructions wcro received by
Lieutenant Slemmer to use all diligence and effort
to protect the forts. The same orders, witt in-
structions to co-operate with Lieutenant Slemmer,
wore received by Commodore Armstrong.
These commanders met, and agreed, in view of the
smullness of the garrison, to make no effort to hold
the less important fort, but to concentrate within
the walls of Pickens, as the stronger and loss liable
to be attacked, and the most available to reinforce-
ments that the Government might send.
Armstrong was to send the steamer Wyandot,
Captain licrrymau, to convey the garrison at Fort
Barraucas to Fort Pickens, and add
tc- the force such men as lie could
spare from the Navy Yard, and order
the Wyantiot and stoicsbip Supply,
Captain Walker, to anchor near the
fort, under the protection of the guns.
Armstrong sent the Wyandot, but
no men from the Yard, and a few
provisions in place of the stoieship.
Slemmer went in person to the com-
modore, and demanded an explana-
tion. Ho impulsively charged the
veteran officer with deception and bad
faith, and asked how he hoped to
defend a fort that demanded a force
of twelve hundred men to garrison,
with only forty-six, the exact num
HOIISKS 8WDNG OVERBOARD TO SWIM TO
SANTA K08A ISLAND,
in position, as he had neither time nor means to
d ism mint them.
The Wyandot was ordered by Commodore Arm-
strong to the Southern shore of Cuba, and the
Supply to her final destination, Vera Cruz. Slem-
mer remonstrated ; but Armstrong acted on orders
received from the Department at Washington as
of
he
thei
had lit for
garrison duty. The commodore had
sent Lieutenants Farrand and Ren
shaw to see that the plans agreed on
were carried out, and was greatly
surprised to learn of tho imperfect
service, through disaffection and in-
trigue, against his wishes and order?.
On the morning of the 10th of Janu-
ary tho Wyandot carried over Sum-
mer's command. The day and night
hefon', the men, the officers, and their
wives and children, had worked inces-
santly preparing for the change of
■pi arte re.
The wives of Lieutenants Slemmer
and Oilman were especially conspicu-
ous in their good offices us helper.-,
and in their fortitude and zeal.
Abuut thirty ordinary seamen from
tho Navy Yard, without arms or
equipments, Were added to the little
garrison. The powder in Fort Bar-
rancas was secured, and by Lieutenant
Slemmcr's orders the guns wcro spiked
to destination before the contingency arose. Cap-
tain Berrymau, of the Wyandot, however, pro-
cured, with some difficulty, some muskets at tho
Navy Yard to arm the seamen, and delivered them
to Lieutenant Slemmer. The same morning, five
hundred troops from Florida, Alabama and Missis-
sippi, commanded by Colonel Lennox, ol Florida,
demanded the surrender of the Navy Yard to the
authorities of the State.
It was beyond the power of Commodore Arm-
strong* to resist, as he well knew that three-fourths
of the officers and men under his com in and were in
full sympathy with, and at least one of his lieu-
tenants (Far rand) in tho active service of, the Suite
authorities.
Lieutenant Rcnsbaw, the flag officer under Com-
modore Armstrong, openly deserted his flag, and
ordered it to be pulled down. This was done with
the greatest indignity, and the flag was allowed to
fall to the ground amid derisive shouts by a greater
portion of the men present, led by Lieutenant J. R.
Eggleston, of the Wyandot.
Tho command of the Navy Yard was given to
Captain V. M. Randolph, another naval officer who
had determined to cast his fortune with tho new
occupants of the Yard, who gained possession of
the post, with ordunuce stores valued at over
8100,000. Captain Randolph and Lieutenants
Farrand, Rcnshaw and Eggleston, who had already
sent their resignations to Washington, and had
them accepted before the Government was aware
of tbeir purpose.
Lieutenant Slemmer learned through Commander
Walker, of the Supply, that the Navy Yard was be-
sieged, and at once sent a note to the commodore
asking, in case he determined to capitulate, to send
the marines to strengthen the command of Fort
Pickens. He received no roply to his note, and a
few hours afterward he saw the old flag go down at
the Navy Yard.
This now placed Lieutenant Slemmer i
fort, with a garrison of eighty-one in al
and men. Fifty-four guns wore in positioi
for service, and ho had live months' provision
at once set to work to put everything in working
order, momentarily expecting an attack.
On the 13th of January a formal demand was
made by Captain Randolph, Major Marks and Lieu
tenant Ru Hedge, all in military dress, and claiming
to be citizens of Florida and Alabama, for the peace-
able surrender of the fort in the name
of their respective Governors.
Lieutenant Slemmer to this demand
replied : "I am hero under the orders
of the President of the United States,
and by direction of the General -in-
Chief of tho Ann 3', and I recognize no
right of any Governor to demand the
surrender of United Stales property.
My orders are distinct and explicit."
The Military Commissioners, ap-
parently surprised at this determined
opposition to their, so far, successful
plans of occupation, withdrew. On
the 15th, Colonel William H. Ohase,
late of tho United States Army, but
now in command of the
Juraiiw, 1861. ... rue.
entire force of tho Sover-
eign State of Florida, although him-
self ii native of Massachusetts, accom-
panied by Lieutenant Farrnnd,
sought, and was allowed, an interview
with Lieutenant Slemmer.
Representing himself as having full
power from tho chief magistrate ot
Florida to take possession of the fort,
the Massachusetts colonel, now tho
head and front of the army of the
Slate of Florida, counseled tho com-
mander of tho only United States
force in Pcnsacola Bay to allow tho
a strong
, officers
,C",|J
Ho
ADAM J. SLEMMER,
TOE COlDlANtiliU OF FORT PICKENS.
• Tlw Otaentr. of iMugicslo, Flu.
January iSlb.
IS61. reported Conimod-re Annum
uheii Colonel Lcuuox u"innn,le.l il
d purmmler ot
country falih-
fully nil my IHo ; I lOvo Ills alj flat
nnJ unto |, ro-
Idtied It In tu [island DO'I lu storm
ily htnrt Is
l.rv.'.llni! NvjiiijU! it Ibd ild.ilrucllo
una IMretora I know not where lo
hue no rule-
il It I hud, I
would rallier low my owd llfo th
lira of my countrymen, lu view of I
incandUlonof
nUnlm,! relinquish my autliurliyl..ili
Borcrelfiulyot
Florida-' ■
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
49
mrender of the fort \riMiont bloodshed ; that ha
'Slummar) could do bo now without eaoriflcing bis
own honor, or that of his gallant officers and men ;
'hat lie would consider the surrender of the fort
iw subject to any agreement that might bo entered
iato between Commissioners Mnllory and Yulco
(now in Washington in the double capacity of
United States Senators and Commissioners for the
Sovereign Stato of Florida) nnd the National G07-
Brnment. Colonel Chase would not counsel Lieu-
tenant Slemmer to do anything dishonorable, but
if he consented to such an arrangement, lie would
secure for himself the commendation of all Christ-
/an gentlemen, and avoid making himself guilty of
allowing fraternal blood to flow. He proposed that
Lieutenant Slemmer rind his garrison should bo
given comfortable quarters at Fort Barrancas, pond-
ing the negotiations in Washington, und in con-
clusion urged Slemmer to consider the situation,
and take euro not to act so as to havo the fearful
recollections of a tragedy that he could now avoid,
rather to make the present opportunity redound
to his elory as the most Christian-like act of hia
t"Hle of Jltrrfroesboro, Dc-ember 8I*t. where he wm aterehr
wounded, and incapjciiated from, fuihoc aerrtoo in the field.
Prom Julr, I&tf, to the close of toe not he Eared on an
examining boarfi as president. In August. 1861, lie was
tD.ii5tcn.ii gut of the volunteer service, nnd resumed his tvgu-
Jar army commission of li. 1 1 1 . uaot -eol ..] of Hie Fourth,
Infantry, won fur gallantly at Murfreesbeiro ; ho was further
promoted, for gallant und meritorious conduct during tfc?
war, colonel nnd brisadier-gcni r.d. He served on garrison
duty until October, 1*10. when, on account of increasing ill-
health, he was assigned lo board duty, and died at Fort
Laramie, October 7th, 1S08.
LANDING REINFORCEMENTS ON SANTA
ROSA ISLAND.
Thk Government decided to reinforco Fort
Pickens on Santa Rosa Island. Tbo steam-frigate
Powhatan, of 11 guns nnd 275 men,
and the steam-tra n spurts A Html ic aril
Illinois, were commissioned for that purpose, Tln<
Atlantic Bailed from New York on the 7th of April,
having on board 450 troops, including two com-
panies of light artillery and a company of sappers
and minora, under command of Colonel Harvey
ftrrr Pickens, oonswurg cH Company A. JFiieI
Artillery, S6 men and 115 marines. The garrison
then stood, niuk aud lile : The eld garrison, 83 ;
Company A, First Artillery, StJ ; United Stat OS
Marines, 115. Total, 233.
Tho marines were only landed temporarily, and,
after the arrival of tho main body of reinforce-
ments, wcro returned to their respective ships, so
that on the 2!Sth of April tho garrison of Fort
Pickens was as follows : Companies F and A, Third
Infantry (old garrison), 121 ; Companies A and M,
Second Artillery, 122; Sappers and Minors, 02;
Company G, C, E, B, F, D, LT and K, recruits, 574
Total, 879.
JUSTICE TO WILLIAM CONWAY.
Is the testimony before ilic Naval General Court Martini,
In the trial or Captain James Armstrong on charges growing
out of the surrender of the Navy Yard nn Pensaeola liny, an
incident of devotion lo Hie Government was made known and
rewarded, as shown in the follow! Dg communications:
W^iTCNo-ros, D. C, April 8th, 1801.
Tho president, members, andjudjre advocate, of tin
court lately held io tho Cily of Wuihinglon, D. C,,for 111
llKlXJ-'um/KMEXl.-S ON' i
life. Lieutenant Slemmer, first consulting with the
commanders r.f ilie Wyandot und Supply, positively
-of used, to surrender the fort.
ADAM J. BLEMMBH.
Hems- in Mont
July 1st, 186
at Wt>t
nnl.ls.VI; -rved in .<. tuihoh- War,
1:1" rim, 1831-4; profossor nt West
In- . .uii|.itiv .if Hie First United
.[..uiiri.. Cfcwtalon Harbor, in 1850 ;
mesa, Pcnsncoln Harbor, 1800. On
tta Mavy Yard at Peosneola by the
January, 1801, ho transferred lib
in. on Santa Rosti Island, which lie
April 1K0I, when be was superseded
n Mu j- llli. Isiil, In' was proiiiiikil
(bo Sixteenth Infantry, and Ordered
th 111* command, which had become
by reason or llnir \m\s confinement
Pkfeeng ibiriii,- :in bcri^amenl ; was
of tli- n. paftment of Ohio Until
illhcidlh i-inj- lleil him Io take n
ay, 1808. be returned to dutv, nnd
I Buell's army ; participated 'in the
ilego of Corinth. His., and In the movement to Louisville,
.y.. and NaihvWe, Tcnn.; was mmmisdoncd hrfjotdiuT
tsnenl of voiuniars Jfovemlu'r With. 1883; sigBRwl In the
Gorilla
Ittlc (.
by Colt
otbo
to New
broken
ael Hun
ink of
York II
■y f
rbo
In
Brown, besides 09 horses, and a largo quantity of
munitions of war and supplies. She reached Key
West oti tho 13th, when she took additional
troops, and urdmraeo, shot, shell, etc., and sailed
for Pensacola Bay ou tbo 14th, and reaching the
anchorage of tho squadron lying off Fort Pickens lit
half-past six o'clock r. si. on tho 16th, in advance
at tho Powhatan and Illinois. Immediate measures
were taken, by aid of tho boats of tbo squadron, for
throwing reinforcements, into Fort Pickens that
night, with so much success that tho largor portion
of tho officers and men wore in tho fort hofore mid-
night. Tho remainder of tho troops wcro landed
early on the morning of the 17th, tho horses during
the afternoon and night of tho ISth, and the stores
and munitions between that period and the 23d.
The Illinois left Now York on the night of April
8th with 300 troops, 500 case3 of muskets, and a
supply of munitions of war and provisions. On
tho night of tho 13th she readied tho. anchorage
off Fort Pickens, and at once landed hor troops
and cargo. Tho war-steamer Powhatan, Com-
mander D. D, Porter, reached tho rendezvous on
the 17th, Previous to the arrival of the reinforce-
ments sent from New York, via., on the night of
.'Juj 1Mb of April, reinforewtnenta wert 'Srown Into
... xl policy of iKTilowiiij.' muni! appropriate mark
"f iLi approbation "f the loyalty. -■- j • i r i t mid p>od conduct ot
William Conway, u i[ii;irli mi aster of tin.' nary, on duly In
the Navy Yard at Wurriusrlun. Florida, when 'the name win
surrendered on tile Villi of Junuarv, 1NII, who. wilh manly
pride, nud in a spirit of patriotic devotion, refused lo obey
the order to haul dun n I In- national ila/ on I lie incision ol
wiid siirrendtr. The eiiili nn' of ilii- Imiionililc devotion lo
the dinaitv and i nilii of tho Hit™ <•( hi.~ • ouiilry in found lr
the record of Ilia itstiinonv in I oiuiiKnliire AniiJ;trong'H case
Ites]Hct Cully submitted by Order uf tho Court,
A. B. Magiict>eh, Jiidffa Advocate.
Navt Depahtmkm, April 2-1 th, 186 1.
It npnoira, from tin? Ufitimony taken in Captain Ann
strong's cose, thai William Ciuiuuv, an nwl n-anifln, dninf
duty as quartermaster in lln Warrimrion Navy Yard, nt tin
time of iis siirnnrli r, wlieii orihTi.-el by Li' nn mint F. B. Ken
tluiw to haul tiowc 'lit nntioii'iJ tins:. |T"iripily and tndig
niiatly refused lo u in 1 lie hour of
its peril is not tin- I>t-< worthy of bcim; (iillcd notilc and diiv.
alric Iwcause displayed by one lo an humble station. It i.'
the more disen'uii.- of < uiemoraliou. for mliordinalcB in
the service arc nol u-n ill\ "[". n-dlo S4 evj^ij.ltsof palrint-
ism and fidclliv in their Innii, but t.i follow them. The De
purtniint dn'iii it no in'.re than strict Justin- to Willhim i'mh-
wny that this le-limoni il fr.'in the court In liisl"bnlf eliouM
be mode known tbroagtaont the service. It 'lierefore dlrccls
IhrU this general crnliT U publicly mm -> L-arly as plccl;.
coble after it.t rt-ci Ipt hy tin- cumnuuiden> of all naval otu.h m
and all VOSHClS of the nan" in commission. In ilie presence of
the Olfltere and men under their command.
Gideon Weluss, tkcrttury tfSit A'jr"
5"
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
*ffE SOLDIER IN OLR CIVIL WAR,
51
THE UPRISING Of THE PEOPLE.
The fall of For*. Sumter - Uie liret success of tho
Confederates; the humiliation attending the low-
ering of the American Flag ; and the giving to the
breeze the banner of the Palmetto State, had a
two- fold effect.
In the hoods of the secessionists the news served
as the lever with which they ronsed the martial
spirit of their people, and made the leadors, leaders
indeed. They had already organized in all the
States considerable armies, and this success of their
first effort multiplied recruits and stimulated tbo
whole people, who magnified the exploit into a
glorious victory, and from that moment cemented
into one nation of revolutionist* the radical and
conservative elements, and taught all to believe that
they conld soon dictate terms of peace, or even,
with the aid of the great Democratic party, conquer
the abolition North.
The banks emptied their vaults into the Confed-
erate Treasury, Planters gave their available for-
tunes, and themselves, with their sons, left for the
conquer a peace and poB3es3 themselves of the
national capital.
Tbo South failed to make it, as they had hoped, a
political war. It became, instead, a sectional strife,
and the lines were drawn, with a few earnest Union
men in Virginia and Tennessee, and a few secession-
ists in West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky and
Missouri - below, solid for secession, and above, as
solid for maintaining the old flag on every foot of
territory in the United States.
To her standard the defenders Hocked, and State
vied with State as to expedition and numbers.
Rhode Island's millionaires enlisted in the ranks,
and marched to defend Washington. New York's
citizen soldiers left with a day's notice, and hastened
to tho front. Massachusetts, first in the field, had
multiplied her volunteers. Tho great West asked to
bo alono allowed to whip the South, and her regi-
ments wore filled up with men long before tho Stato
or Federal Government could supply arms and
equipments.
Private individuals equipped whole regiments,
private contributions swelled tho Treasury, and
organizing, and leav ig home and comfort for the
tented field and tho soldier's Ufa
" It was a wuV time - a continuous day of fevered
enthusiasm. 5l.au, women and children partici-
pated in the exaltation of patriotio spirit. There
was no looking back. A brave people bad turned
their energies to war, and they wont at it as
a business. Tho war spirit boomed like a storm.
Tbo rivalry to enlist was universal,
"Letters poured in upon tho Governor, seeking
commissions for perilous service, until the burden
becamo so heavy that he was forced to advertise in
the papers that ho did not have tho clerical labor to
even answer. For every requisition of troops there
was a fifty-fold proffer of eager soldiers. Such a
spirit of willing chivalry as was exhibited was never
exceeded in the annals of warfare ; and to show the
character of the men and organizations, a cavalry
company in Home - (be Floyd Cavalry - represented
a money property of 9730,000 among forty men;
while another of thirty-five men in Milledgeville,
tho Governor's Horse Guards, stood for two and a
half millions of wealth on tho tax-book.
SHIPMENT. Of OH.S'S ANP AMMUNITION KROII THE
AUhENAL, WEST THOY, N. Y.
tented field. The women sent to their State's
Treasury their silver plate and jewelry, and at once
set to work to make clothes for their husbands and
sons in tho army.
In the North the newa acted at once on the
people themselves, and they awoke to realize a ter-
rible fact. The flag of their country had been
Sasaflad. It might noon be dishonored. Tho
eople most fight for that flag, or the nation's life
would end.
A political contest< hud divided the people of the
North. The tiring 00 the flag of Fort Sumtor
imidu the people one. Union meetings were held
all over the North, notably in New York City,
where the South had hoped for the most help, and
from which oity they had so far received the
greatest material aid.
While neither aide expected actual war, the South
had prepared for the worst, and were with an
equipped army in the field, while the North, on the
call of President Lincoln for 75,000 troops, had but
the National Guard of citizen soldiers to draw from.
Underrating tho strength and determination of the
enemy, both sides looked upon the struggle as to bo
of abort luration, and President Lincoln called for
the men lor ninety days ; while President Davis
tud bis traone that in eren less time they could
Iho workshops of the whole North were run night
and day to provide equipments and Hurtling for this
great army, the growth of a single fortnight.
Nothing liko this great uprising of the people of
tho two sections had ever before been attained in
the history of modern wars. Each seemed actuated
by loyal and patriotic motives. Each appealed to
the same God, and found in their cause reason for
His help.
Men, worrien and children wore aliko fired with
patriotic enthusiasm, and in tho North, as if by
concortcd arrangement, the national Hag was every-
where displayed, even from the spirc3 of churches
and cathedrals, and adorned the halls of juetieo
and places of worship. In the South flags and
rosettes as suddenly appeared, and tho "strange
device" soon won a place - if not of veneration, at
least of hopo and expectation.
In describing the uprising of the people in the
Stato of Georgia. Averv. in b.s "History of Georgia,"
(New York : Brown it Derby), 1882, 'says : "Dur-
ing the year 18111, the military activity in the Stato
of Georgia was incessant and ubiquitous. The
commonwealth was one vast recruit camp. The
roll of the drum and stirring notes of the fife re-
sounded from mountain to seaboard. Hill and
valley echoed to the tread of armed met. gathering.
"All over the State citizens were offering pecu
niary sacrifices fur the cause. Governor Brown
himsolf subscribed, and paid ono thousand dollars
toward tho support of the Georgia troops in the ser-
vice, and determined to appropriate the net income
of his farm to the same great cause. His wife
devoted her time, as did thousands upon thousands
of other noble and delicate women, to making
clothing for tho soldiers.
"Miss Henrietta Kecnan, of Milledgeville, a
daughter of Colonel Augustus U. Keeuan, a bril-
liant, queenly woman, tendered to Governor Brown,
in behalf of herself and her mother, for the use of
the State, their silver plate, of considerable value.
Tho Governor said, if it became a necessity, he
would accept it.
"A company was organized below Gaddistown,
in Fannin County, and named 'Mrs. Joe Brown's
Boys.' In recognition of tbo compliment, Mrs.
Brown, the wife of the Governor, fitted this com-
pany with a suit of clothes, purchasing the cloth uv
Milledgevillo, and making and sending one to each
member.
"All over the State voluntary generous patr.vzam
was shown. Some idea may bo formed of ho i
gloriously Georgia responded to the demands ■•, •
her manhood, from tho fact that; ap to the 1>- Ol
52
THE SCLDJliR IH OC/Ji CJt-JJ. WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Si
Octouer, 1881, she had sent forty magnificent regi-
ments to the battle-field. This makes a grand fact
in her 'var record."
General Dix presided at the principal stand at
the great him meeting atUniun Square, New York
City, April 20th, 1SC1. In his speech he said : "I
regard tlie pending contest with the secession ists as
a death-struggle for cniiBtllntriinal liberty and law -
a contest wliicli, if successful on tlicir part, could
only end i" the establishment of a despotic govern-
ment, mid blot out, whenever they were in the
ascendant, every vestige of national freedom.
. . . We stand before the statue of the Father
of his Country. Tlio flag of the Union which floats
over it hung above him when he presided over the
convention by which the Constitution was frame1
The great work of his life has been rejected, and
thi- banner by which his labors were con sec rated
hjifl been trampled in the dust. If the inanimate
bronze in which the sculptor lias shaped his image
could be changed from the living form which led tho
aim ; 3 of the Revolution to victory, be would com-
tliemselves, but by ns - guarded far more securely
than any people ever have had their lives and
property seenred from the beginning of tho world.
We have committed no oppression, have broken no
compact, have exercised no unholy power - have
been loyal, moderate, constitutional and just.
" Wc are a majority of Ho Union, and we will
govern our own Union, with our own Constitution,
in our own way. We are all Democrats. Wo are
ail Republicans. Wc acknowledge tho sovereignty
of the people within the rule of the Constitution,
and, under that Constitution and beneath that flag,
let traitors beware. ... I propose that tho
people of tins Union dictate to these rebels tho
terms of peace. It may take thirty millions; it
may take tlrrco hundred millions. What then?
Wc have it. Loyally, nobly, grandly, do the mer-
chants of New York respond to the appeal of the
Government. It may cost us seven thousand men ;
it may cost us seventy-five thousand men in battle ;
it may even cost us seven hundred and fifty thou-
sand men. What then? Webavethem. Thebloodoi
sustain it, at all lioaiu (rdeod, it U dne to me
great occasion here frankly to declare that, not
withstanding my opposition to the election of Mr.
Lincoln and my disposition most closely to ecrutis
ize all his acts, I see, thus far, nothing to condemn
in his efforts to save the Union. . . ■ And now
let me say, that this Union must, will and shall be
perpetuated ; that not a star shall bo dimmed nor a
stripe erased from our banner ; that tho integrity
of tho Government shall be preserved, and that
from the Atlantic to tho Pacific, from tho Lakes
of tho North to the Gulf of Mexico, never shall
bo surrendered a single aero of cur soil nor a drop
of its waters."
David S. Coduingtco. an influential member of
the Democratic party, gave a scathing review of
the efforts of dismiionists, and said;
"Shall I tell you what secession means) It
means ambition in the Southern leaders and mis-
apprehension in the Southern people. Its policy
is to imperialize slavery, and lo destroy and to
degrade tho only free republic in the world.
LIET AESENAL, WE"T TROIT. N. T.
mancl us, in tha name, of the hosts of patriots and
political martyrs who .uivo gono before, to striko for
tho defense of tho Union and tho Constitution."
Daniai S. Dickinson, u venerable leader of tho
Democratic party, said ; " We are called upon to
net,. There in no time for hesitation or indecision ;
no time for haato or excitement. It is a timo when
tho people should rise in tho majesty of their
might, strotch forth their strong arm hoJ silence
the angry waves of tumult. Jt is a question
between Union and anarchy - between law and Jis-
Scnator Baker, of Oregon, a leading Democratic
', who afterward fell ut Bail's Bluff, made
i eloquent speech. " Young men of New York," he
said - "young men of tho United States - you are
told this is not to be a war of aggression. In one
sense that is tr"e ; in another, not. Wo have com-
mitted aggression upon no man. In all tho broad
land, in their rebel nest, in their traitor's camp, no
'uthful man can rise and say that he has ever been
disturbed, though it bo but for a single moment, in
life, liberty, estate, oharacter or honor.
"The day they began this unnatural, false,
wicked, rebellious warfare, their lives were more
iecuie, their Drounrty more secure by as - not bj .
every loyal citizen of this Government is dear to me.
My sons, my kinsmen, the young men who have
grown up beneath my eye and beneath my care,
they are all dear to mo ; but if the country's des-
tiny, glory, tradition, greatness, freedom govern-
ment, mitten constitutional government - the only
hopo of a freo people - demand it, let thorn all go.
I am not hero now to apeak timorous words of
peace, but to kindle the spirit of manly, determined
war. , . .
"Upon the wings of tho lightning it goes out
throughout tho world that New York, the very heart
of a great city, with her crowded thoroughfares, her
merchants, her manufacturers, her artists - that
New York, by one hundred thousand of her people -
declares to the country and to the world that she
will sustain the Government to the last dollar iu
her Treasury - to the last drop of your blood, Tho
national banners leaning from ton thousand win-
dows in your city to-day proclaim your affection
and reverence for (he Union."
Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, who wa3 Secre-
tary of the Treasury in the Democratic admin-
istration of President Polk, denounced secession as
e crime, and said : " Much as I lovo my party. I
l<.ve my country .:......:■.-.. more, and must and wlli
epn
Nothing so disappoints secession as
fidelity of New York to the Constiti
" Prom the vaults of Wall Street Jefferson Davie
expected to pay bis aruiv, and riot in all the streets
and in all the 'towns and cities of the North, Vt
make their march a triumphant one. Fifty thou-
sand men to-day tread on his fallacy."
Such was the response of some of the ablest re-
presentatives of the venerable Democratic party to
the slanderers of that party, such as Sanders and
his like in tho South and its trading politicians in
the North.
It was the unbiased sentiment of the great
body of that organization then and throughout tho
war, who were truly loyal in sentiment, and formed
a strong element of the powerful Union party that
faithfully sustained the Government in spite of the
machinations of demagogues.
That meeting relieved the citizens of the com-
mercial metropolis of the nation from the false
position of apparent selfish indifference to the fate
of tlie republic, in which they bad been placed
before Europe by an able correspondent of tho
London Times, who hud been utterly misled tj- \
few men, among whom be unfortunately fell on hi*
onival iu this country, It gave assurance of that
54
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
'CJ^-:
THE SOLDIliR
>0l< CIVIL WAR.
55
lAtulich patriotism 01 trie gr&u, body oi the citizen* they are trailing our gloriong banner in tho dust - the Charleston Uonvflnrjnn "nn at tbe Soeedevr
A New York, who treated their devotion to the when they scorn it, condemn it, curse it, and Convention at Bait-more, in I860, mane a soul-
jonntry by giving about ona hundred thousand sol- tramplo it under foot, then I must smite. In God's stirring -speech at flewbuiyport, Mass., on tbt
-liere to the army ; and making the sacrifice, it 13 name I ivill smite, and as long as I have strength I same da_,, in which ha said that ho cordially pur-
wtiraatcd, in actual expenditures of money, tho loss will do it. Oh, listen to mo! listen to me I I ticipated in the patriotic manifestations around
1," the labor d their able-bodied men, private and know these men ; 1 know their courage ; I have him. llo wonld yield to no man in faithfulness to
public contributions, taxes, etc., of not less than been among them ; I havo been with them ; I have tho Union or in zeal for the maintenance of the
three hundred million of dollars in the cuureo of been reared with them. Tlioy have courage, and laws and the constitutional authorities of the
four veare. do you not pretend to think they havo not, I tell Union ; nnd to that end ho stood prepared, if occn
•' That meeting dismayed and exasperated tho you what it is, it is no child's play you are enter- 6ion should call for it, to testify his sense of public
(-inspirators, f>? they saw that they had been dc- ing upon. They will fight, and with a determina- duty by entering tho field again, at the command of
(wived, and observed that, unliko themselves, their tion and a power which is irresistible. Mako up tho Commonwealth or of the Union. Mr. dishing
politic d brethren in tho Free-labor States loved your mind to it. Let tvory man put Li3 life in his did offer his services iu the Cold to the Governor
their country moro than their party - wore moro hand, and say, 'There is tho altar of my country; of Massachusetts, but thoy were not necepted.
patriotic- than selfish - and would boldly confront there I will sacrilico my lifo !'" At a public reception of Scnntor Douglas, Mr.
with war, if necessary, every enemy of tho Union Representative men of the Democratic party in Lincoln's opponent for 'ho Presidency, at Chicago,
and of Amorieaii nationality. It also amazingly all the loyal States made speeches, and took sub- HI., on tho 1st of May, that statesman, in a patri-
eneouruged and strengthened the President nnd Iu3 stantially the same ground, contributing their in- otio speech, said: rtTIiore are only two sides to this
cabinot in thoir efforts to suppress tho rising fluonce, timo and money to tho National cause, question. Every man must bo for tho United .States
rebellion." Tho venerable I leneral Cass, late Secretary of Stato, or against it. There can bo no neutrals in this war :
In that meoting tho profound intellect, the made a stirring speeeh at Detroit on tho 2-llh of only patriots or traitors. ... I express it as
wii'iico of tho Free-labor States, won represented by April. " llo who is not for his country," ho said, my conviction before God that it is the duty nl
Professor 0. M. Mi'< boll, e_cry American oitincn to
lly round the flag of hie
) also I =^M / country.**
s services nnd hia \ , ' ~s^// " -' Similar meetings wero
!ito in defonso of tho -/*\s\ 0 ^-^^ & -B" simultaneously iu the
prominent cities of tho
Virth and West, and the
people wero eo thoroughly
i msed to tho dangers
that beset tho Govern-
ment, that purse ami
words wero placed in its
i 111 Xtf _ bands with a faith and
devotion unexampled ia
tho history of tho world.
Between tho 13th of
April and the 1st of May,
ISCil, S40,0(>way etui* in the
South wo must set aside. They are not our friends, maintain* ' dm prepared to devote my life to morning; but, notwithstanding the early lion
"When they come to their senses, wo will receive the work, "r-i to lead you in tbe struggle I" they were met by a hotly of upward of five thor,
with open arms; but, till that time, while Caleb dishing, of Massachusetts, vrlta presidedat sand citizens, ami a detachment of police, by whom
in that oily of high excitement, ami
was spod on ita way 'o Washington with the heart;
well-wishes of morw "nan one hundred tbou"i"n"i
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
jny w"ra escorted to the various hoteto for break- marched through Fourth Streef down Broadway
'.ant. Their march through the city was ones- and Courtlandt Street through a crowd so dense
peeled, hut was, nevertheless, a complete ovation, that it seemed to block op the way impassably ;
At ever}' stop they were greeted with checra for through walls of human beings, under a perfect
tho "Bi'nkor Hill Boys!" The enthusiasm, how- canopy of flags, with cheers rolling along like
ever, did not reach its height until about noon, enthusiastic thunders, past buildings whoso fronts
rfuon tho regiment formed in City Hall Park, and were covered with flags, and whoso doors, win-
proceeded down Courtlandt Street to the Jersey dows, steps, and balconies, were jammed with peo-
City Ferry. Tho streets were gay with flags, and it pie ; past Major Anderson, who reviewed tho re-
was with difficulty that the troops could penetrate giment from a commanding balcony; past mottoes
tho dense masses that had gathered to welcome declaring that the "National Guard is for tho
them. Those who have witnessed all tho great Union,1' and that members imitate the "National
demonstrations of tho city for a half a century Guard of 1776." With bayonets brightly gleaming
back, remember nono so spontaneously enthnsi- in tho sun, with step Arm, with bearing proud and
nstic. Ab thj^regiment filed off to go up the ferry- erect, us befitted the men nnd the
bout, which was gayly decorated with lings,
the ferry-bouse, thore were loud cries of "God
bless you ! God bless you!" and unlimited cheers
for the Old Bay State.
Tho ferry-boat reached Jersey City at half-past
o o'clock p.m., where some thousands hud already
mth Regiment marched down Broadway. But
one accustomed to see only tho everyday Broadway
ran form no idea of it as it appeared on this occa-
sion, flaunting with flags, and packed with tier
upon tier of people, from sidewalk to house-roof.
The citizens had assembled along the line of
mgrcgnted to welcome the troops. The railroad the march, and while waiting for the passing of tho
depot was crowded with ladies, who filled tho W- Seventh, gave a greeting and a "godspeed" to
conies which extend around the build-
ing, nearly every one bearing the
Store and Stripes. The depot was
also beautifully decorated with flags,
presenting a most imposing appear-
ance. While the troops approached,
a sulnto was fired from tho Long
Dock, and tho Cunard steamer Persia
dipped her colore several times. Aa
soon as tho boat had been made fust
to tho bridge, and the order given
to forward, tho hand struck up the
"Star Spangled Banner," which was
accompanied by deafening cheers from
the crowd in and about the depot. As
tlioy entered the railroad depot, cheer
after cheer broke forth, tho ladies
waving handkerchiefs and flags, which
tasted for nearly twenty minutes. Tho
train, numbering eighteen cars, was
covered with flags. A littlo delay
was occasioned on account of the
crowd in tho building blocking the
place. ; but while the troops were in
waiting, the ladies amused themselves
by throwing the soldiers their pocket-
handkerchiefs and little flags. The
order being given, the several com-
panies were marched to their respective
cars, and in about half an hour they
were all safely on board tho train.
At two o'clock Colonel Jones in-
formed tho superintendent that all
was ready, and tho signal was given
for the train to start. The first move-
ment of the locomotive brought out
cheers, and as the train slowly glided
out from the depot, the crowd kept
up the cheers and waving of flags.
Among the ladies could bo seen several
in tears, deeply affected at the scene, and one old the Massachusetts Eighth, under Colonel Timothy
gentleman wept like a child. When asked if ho Monroe, accompanied by General Bcuj. F. Butlor.
had any friends among the troops, ho said no ; but It was not until the Eighth reached Philadelphia
he felt as though every one who composed the littlo that thoy learned of the attack that day in Balli-
band were his own sons. Several companies of the more upon their comrades of the Sixth. The news
New Jersey militia accompanied the troops us far of the attack in Baltimore reached New York while
i Trenton, tho capital of the State, where their tho Seventh were in lino ready to march, and each
AKSH.U.I, U.HKIU?
served with forty-eight rounds of ball
The New York and Massachusetts regiments mot
at Philadelphia, but proceeded by different steamer
routi-- iii-A.inl Wellington, to meet again, on the
morning "^ l'11' '••''■ il* *'lu Naval Academy wharfs,
in Aiina]H>li-, the ••Id capital of Maryland.
By their united efforts the two commands had,
ere long, fully repaired the bridge.-; and ruilwav line
leading to Annapolis Junction, which had been
regiments were mustering for equipment and dis-
patch to Washington.
THE SEVENTH REGIMENT,
National Gtjard, State of New York.
This regiment, the just pride of New York
City, and widely noted for its perfect discipline
and equipment as well as its promptitude in every
emergency requiring tho interposition of the strong
military arm, was the first regiment from the Em- seriously damaged and partly destroyed by tho in-
pire State to respond to the call of the Pre- surgents tho previous day. Tho Junction was
sident. Tho night after tho call the members of reached by the combined regiments early on the
the regiment, although many of them were en- 25th, and the Eighth Massachusetts being left to
gaged in responsible business requiring constant guird tho road just opened, tho Seventh proceeded
attention, mot in their armory, and unanimously at once to Washington, where, it arrived tho same
volunteered their services to tho Governor of tha afternoon.
State. They wcro ueeepted, and on Friday, April Without los" of time thoy were marched up Penu-
19th, nine hundred and ninety-one strong, under sylvunja Avenue to tho "Whitn House," in order to
tho co.nmand of Colonel Marshall Lofforts, com- report to tho President, and were subsequently
monced their march to Washington. Forming on quartered at the Capitol, whence they were soon
Lafayette Place, opposite tho Astor Library, they called to duty at Arlington Heights. This, the
most threatening position, opposite tho City o[
Washington, they soon placed in a condition to
cheek, if not totally arrest, any advance likely to be
made by the Confederate forces. They constructs',
an admirable line of earthworks, continuing in
active duty thero in accordance with orders from
tho Government, oven after the period for which
they had so promptly enlisted under the President's
proclamation.
This regiment, which had everywhere deservedly
won tho highest plaudits for its fine military be-
havior aud discipline, was, unfortunately, not des-
tined to appear again as tho same full body in tho
country's service. But tho admirable training it
had received secured at once for many of its men
and officers such leading positions as would, by
some, have been supposed then open only to gradu>
ates of the United States Military Academy, and
few wero tho engagements of note thereafter oc-
curring in which this far-famed organization had
not one or moro of its representatives.
Well may the North bo proud of its achieve-
ments, and long may it continue in tho justly
prominent position it has already so
long occupied. Two days after tho
departure of tho Seventh from New
York, on Sunday, April 21st, it was
followed by tho Sixth, Colonel Pinck-
noy; tho Twelfth, Colonel Buttorfield;
tho Seventy- first, Colonel Vosburg,
nnd within ton days after tho call of
the President for troops, over eight
thousand of tho National Guard of tho
State of Now York, fully armed and
equipped, hud gone forward to Wash-
ington from the City of Now York
alone.
MARSHALL LEFFERTS.
The subject -or this sketch wiu bora In
Brooklyn, N. Y., ia 1831. lie was a descend-
ant of one at the old Knickerbocker famine*
of Long Island. Dur'jig bis active bunineai
life [a New York City its a merchant, he look
a lively interest in nnliinrv nutters, uml early
connected him-elf with Ihe Slate Militia. He
wns alio one of the lir-i promoter" of Ibo tcle-
gjii]ili business, nnd i h'M'ly idmiifii-d iviili t!i"
progress and success of lis development, na
well us with iiuuiy leading niniiufiicturing in-
terests of (be country. He furnished the first
sine-plated wire used for telegraphic pury'Hoi
in the United Siutea ; was the first President of
tlie New York and New England nnd of tho
New York State Telegrupb Companies, nnd nt
the lime of bis death was President of the
Gold and Slock Trltgniph Company of New
York, nnd of tho Celluloid Manufw luring
Company of Newark, N. J.
But it was as colonel of the famous ScvonUi
Regiment of New York that be was more
widely known !o tho country at large. Under
his command the rv'venth Iii'^iment responded
to Ihe culls of President Lincoln, and In 1863
was stationed ut Frederick, Sid., of which
plnce Colonel Lefforts was mnde Military Gov-
ernor. At the close of tho war he tendered his
resignation 01 colonel, hut the Governor demurred to accept-
log it, nud offered him a commission as brigadier-general.
Colonel Lcllcrts, however, wished to retire from bis oclivo
lifo in tho service, nnd his resignation was Dually ueeepted.
lie died suddenly, July 3d, 1870, whllo en rout,; with tho
Veteran Guard of lib n-^imenl, to the Centennial Exhibition.
ATTACK ON TEE MASSACHUSETTS
TROOPS LN BALTIMORE.
Baltimore was on tho direct highway between
tho Northern Slates aud Washington, aud all troop3
marching to the defense of tho National Capital
wero naturally to pass through it. The people of
Maryland wero divided in opinions and sentiments,
and tho indignity to tho flag of tho Government at
Sumter bad served to intensify the spirit of oppo-
sition to the defenders of tho national life. The
lawless clasa in tho city, possibly incited by emis-
saries from tho seceded States, determined to ob-
struct tho Northern road, and thus retard, if not
entirely prevent, the defense of the National Capital.
Learning of the approach of the Massachusetts
and Pennsylvania troops, they gathered their clans,
and on the approach of tho train with tho Sixth
Massachusetts Regiment, representing a State
regarded justly as tho leader in the
Anti-Slavery movement, it waa an easy
matter to incite the mob to lawless acta. The
better class of the people of Maryland were in fuij
Aran, 18B1.
THE_ SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS SEGMENT REPELLING THE Al
THE_SD£IH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT REPELLING THE ATTACK OF THE MOB IN PRATT STREET. BALTIMORE. APRIL ISta. Mil
So
THE SOLDIER IN OVR CJV/t WAR.
sympathy with tho Government, and deplored tlie
icte iui'.l threats of the move active, violent and
aggressive populnec. This class had, hut a month
before, threatened the life of the President-elect
should ho pass through Baltimore, and but for the
priidenco of those who knew tho temper of the
threntoners, and tho strategy of the radroad officials,
their threats would have led to serious consequences.
On the approach of tho (rain on the morning of tho
Lath of April, the threatening crowd gathered with
all speed at tho station.
The engine had to bo loft, and horse3 attached to
eanh car, to bo drawn through the city. This
separated tho train, and tho first cars were in
advance of the mob, and wore greeted only by
threats and curses. As car after car was dispatched,
tho soldiers remained quietly seated. The last of
the ears wero pelted with stones, and the horses
were seized and stopped. Tho police repeatedly
drove back the mob, only to have them rush up
with increased strength.
Nino of the eleven cars passed safely. The last
two were stopped, and the soldiers were ordered to
alight and march to tho other depot, where tho
train was nuulo up, with its locomotive ready to
speed on to Washington. They formed, amid
furious shouts of derision and defiance from tho
mob. Tho staff officers were in advance, and the
command of the remnant of the rflgunent devolved
and after waiting two hours in the cars, they were
obliged to return to Philadelphia.
The Baltimore Sun of April BOtli, 1861, gave the
following account of the riot: " Yesterday morn-
ing the excitement which had been graduallj
rising in this city for soino days, with roferonee t
the passage of Northern volunteer troops south-
ward, reached its climax upon the arrival of the
Massachusetts and otber volunteers, somo from
Philadelphia. At President Street depot, at half-
past ten o'clock, a largo crowd had assembled, evi-
dently to give them an unwelcome reception.
" Six of the cars had succeeded in passing before
tho crowd were ablo to accomplish their purposo of
barricading tho way, which they now began to effect
by placing seven or eight large anchors lying in tho
vicinity across the track.
" Having accomplished this, tho crowd com-
menced cheering for Jpffrrxon Davis, South
Carolina and secession, with groans for sundry
obnoxious parties. The troops thus delayed,
remained quietly in the ears until, tired of their
inaction, and apprehending a more formidable
demonstration, they came to the conclusion to face
tho music and march through tho city.
"They accordingly abandoned the cars, and tho
word was given to march, and the head of tho lino
had advanced some fifteen pace?, when it was driven
back upon tho main body by tho Luiruonso crowd.
seen through the car-windows, wem streaming wil h
blood, from cuts received from tho shattered glass
of the car-windows, and from missiles hurled at
-'At Gay Btreet the soldiers fired a number of
..bote, th' igh without hitting any one, so far as
oidd b a** rtained. After firing this volley, the
soldiers broko into a run ; but nnother shower of
atones hoing hurled into thoir ranks at Commerce
Street, with Buch forco as to knock several of them
down, the soldiers, then wheeled, and fired somo
twenty shots, but from their stooping and dodging
to avoid tho stones, but four or five shots took
effect ; the marks of a greater portion of their halls
being visible on the walls of the adjacent ware-
houses, ovon up to the second stories.
"Horo fonr oitizons fell. Two of them died
in a fow moments, and the other two were carried
off, supposed to bo mortally wounded. As soon as
tho troops had fired at this point, they again
wheeled, and started off on a full run, when some
three or four parties issued from the warehouses
there, and fired into them, which brocght down
three more soldiers, one of whom died in a few
moments. The others succeeded in regaining meir
feet, and proceeded on with their comrades, tho
wholo running as fast as they could, and a running
fire was kept up by the soldiers from this point to
tno doput; tho oruwd coutiniing to hurl stones
BDlWrNG OP GUNPOWDER. RRirifiE, ON THE PHILADEI.
sniN'fSTOTT RAILROAD, APRIL 10m, 1SJL
on Captain Follansbeo. of Lowell. Tie called upon
tho police to lead the way, and keeping his little
band in eloso ranks, they marched on, amid showers
of brick.-:, stones and missiles of all kinds.
A bridge had been torn up, and the soldiers had
to cross on the timbers. This broke their ranks,
and caused somo confusion, whilo many were
severely hurt by the flying missiles. At this junc-
ture a shot was fired into their ranks from tho mob,
and Captain Pollansbeo ordered his men to defend
tl; *m selves. Their fire was answered by guns and
pistols, as well as paving-stones. The Mayor of
Baltimore placed himself at the head of tho
column, and tried to drive back tho mob; but it
bud grown to a surging muss of infuriated men,
who would listen to no appeal, even of their own
municipal head. Here wero about ono hundred
Massachusetts troops making thoir way through
thousands of rioters. They kept in close ranks,
and marched on, only stopping to wheel and fire
when tho attack became unbearable.
Thus they fought their way for ono milo through
tho streets of Baltimore. On rejoining their regi-
ment at the Washington depot. Captain Follansbeo
and his little band wero quickly sheltered in the
cars of tho awaiting train ; hut tho mob continued
to obstruct tho track with telegraph-poles, logs and
iron anchors. The police forco, now largely rein-
forced, removed these harriers, and tho train moved
int of tho depot on toward Washington.
In tho meantime the companies of Pennsylvania
oil! tin, unarmed and ununiformed, wero stopped in
a Iran ilosely following tho Sixth Massachusetts.
These iiHinoRrtem Bnldinru were unmercif ully stoned.
still further increased by a body of men, who
marched down to the depot, bearing at their head a
secession flag.
"Eight of the cars started, and six passed safely
to tho Camden Station. Tho other two returned,
the track in tho meantime having been obstructed
at Pratt and Gay Street by anchors, paving-stones,
sand, and otber dibris at hand.
"After considerable delay, it was determined to
mako tho attempt to march tho remaining troops
through the city, only sixty of whom were supplied
with arms. The remainder wore recruits, and
occupied second-class and baggage-car3. At the
head of this column on foot Major Brown placed
himself, walked in front, and exerted all his in-
fluence to preserve peace.
"At tho corner of Fawn Street two of tho
soldiers wero struck with stones and knocked down.
One of them was taken by tho police ,o the drug-
store of T. J. Pitt, at Pratt and High Street, nud
the other to tho Eastern Police Station.
"Tho stono3 flew thick and fast, and continued
until tho corner of Gay street was reached, when
the troops fired. Several persons fell on tho first
round, and tho crowd bocaino furious.
"-A nnmher of revolvers were used by tho crowd,
and their shots took effect in tho ranks. The
firing continued from Frederick Street to South
Street, in quick succession. At Howard and Dover
Street the troops in ono of tho cars fired into tho
crowd. The balls struck tho brick walls of tho
dwelling-houses. Several soldiers wero wonnded
here, but no citizens were struck by tho ballots of
the soldiers. Tho faces ot manv of the soldiers, as
and other missiles into ".he ranks throughout the
wholo lino of march.
"The mob wore kept posted between the depots
by men on horseback, who rode back and forth.
Finally, crowds rushing pollmell from the lower
streets toward the depot gave notice that the cars
wero coming, and they arrived ono after the other,
each drawn by four horses. Tho blinds of most of
tho cars wore shut down, and in those not provided
with blinds, tho troop3 laid down flat, to avoid tho
bricks thrown at them. The car-windcrfs wero
perfectly riddled, and their sides bore great indenta-
tions from tho rocks nud bricks horicd at them.
" Tho scene whilo the troops were changing ears
was indescribably fearful. Taunts, clothed in tho
most fearful language, were hurled at them by the
panting crowd, who, almost breathless with run-
ning, passed up to the car-windows, presenting
knives and revolvers, and cursed up into the faces
of the soldiers. Tho police were thrown in between
tho ears, and formed a barrier ; tho troops changed
cars, many of thorn cocking their muskets as they
stepped on the platform.
"After embarking, the assemblage expected to
see the train moved ; but it was delayed, in the vain
hope that the crowd would disperse. But no, it
swollod, nnd tho troops expressed to the officers
of tho rood their determination to go at once, or
thoy would leavo tho cars, and mako thoir way to
, ronhington.
"A wild ory was raised on the platform, nt" n
donso crowd ran down tho long platform and otrt
on tho railroad '.rack toward tho Spring Gordons,
until tho trnok. ^or . milo was blank with in excited
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
61
rushing mass. Great logB, telegraph -poles, re-
quiring a dozen or more men to move them, were
laid across the rails.
'■ A body of police followed after the crowd, both
on a full run. and removed obstructions as fast as
lliey were put on the track. The police interfered
on every occasion ; but the crowd, growing larger
and more ej cited, would dash oil at a break neck
run for another position further on, until the
county hue was reached. When the train went
out. the mass of people had almost returned to tin-
depot.
" The names of the killed in the attack are given
in the following list, also the wounded The names
of some of the soldiers killed -A. O. Whitney,
Luther C. Ladd. Soldiers wounded- Asa Need-
ham, Michael Green, D. B. Tyler, Edward Colvin,
H. W, Danforth, William Patch.
"Three unknown citizens killed- Eobort W.
Davis Philips Mills, John McMahon, William R.
Clark. John McCann, James Carr. Sebastian Giles,
William Malouey, Michael Murphy.
" Citi/ens wounded -James Myers, mortally ;
Coaly, William Reed, and boy unknown."
As in the case of all riots, a great many of the
wounded were carried oft
by their friends, thus not
being reported.
BURNING
OPTHB
GUNPOWDER BRIDGE
On tho night of April
19th, lfiGl Marshal Kane
mid ex Governor Lowe, of u
Maryland, accompanied by
Major Brown and his
brother hastened to the £
office o( Charles Howard, uth. just ns the ships
had been sunk, Captain Paulding came upin the
Pawnee, with orders from the Secretary of the
Navy to relieve McCauley, take command of the
ships and Yard.nnd save or destroy tho public prop-
erty. Paulding had added one hundred marines
to his crew at Washington, and at Fortress Monroe
ho was reinforced by Colonel David W. Warduff
nud three hundred and fifty Massachusetts volun-
teers who had arrived the same day. Captain
Paulding saw that the scuttled ships could easily
be raised and used by tho Confederates, and that,
with but two ships atloataad his small land force,
he could not defend the Navy Yard. He at once
decided to apply tho torch and burn the prop-
erty he could not rescue and earry off. Trusted
and efficient officers and men, including Lieu-
tenant J. H. Russell, Captain Charles Wilkes, Com-
modore Allen, Sands and Rogers. Captain Wright.
and Lieutenant H. A. Wise, were each assigned
to special duties, to make the destruction nn
thorough and speedy as
possible, and the troops,
marines, sailors, and work-
men who had remained
true to the ilng of their
Government, wero taken on
board tho Pawnee and
Cumber la rid and the
Yankee Captain Gorman,
fastened her hawser to the
Cumberland ready to low
her out of danger.
Captain Paulding then
sent up a rocket, and tho
incendiaries applied the
match. Tho spectacle of
the conflagration was a.
surprise to the inhabitants
and to tho Confederate
It lit up tho
STEAM-TUG ■' DNCLE BEN" SEIZED BY TRE SECESSIONISTS AT WILMINGTON, N. C.
APRIL 20th. 16111.
at all hazard, using force, if necessary, to prevent
their seizure, either by mob violence, organized
effort, or assumed authority. Captain Paulding
advised and directed the frigate Cumberland to he
moved in position to cover the harbor, the Navy
Yard, the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, and
the channel through which they were approached.
With these arrangements of precaution completed,
Captain Paulding left for Washington, April 17th.
Mr. Isberwood, the same day, had the Merrimac
ready for sea, and proposed to Commodore McCau-
ley that the fires be lighted and the frigate got
under steam before other obstructions be placed in
the river. McCauley said : "To-morrow will do."
The fires were lighted the next morning, and every
one ready for departure The commodore, again
suggested delay. Mr. Isberwood reminded himthat
the orders were peremptory ; but the vessel was
not ordered off, the fires were putoutnnd the ATer-
rimac remained at anchor. Commodore McCauley
afterward explained to the Naval Department that
he was influenced by the advice of his junior ofli-
cers, whom he believed to bo true to their flag, but
who. when they heard of the secession of Virginia,
resigned to join the Confederates.
General Taliaferro, in command of the Confeder-
ate forces, occupiud Norfolk, and on the isth of
April, with the aid of the naval officers lately re-
signed, and who had already arranged with the
workmen in tho Yard, determined to seize the
station. They waited one day for reinforcements
from Richmond and Petersburg with heavy rifled She sailed from New York on April 6th. 1861, and
cannon and ammunition. McCauley sent word to anchored in the harbor of Wilmington, N, C, on
sountry for
and the heavy loaded guns
on the Pennsylvania dis-
charging as the fire reached
them added to the grand-
eur of the scone. With
the elements of destruc-
tion in full possession, tho
Pawnee, and Yankee with
the Cumberland in tow,
steamed down the river,
and the officers and men
left on shore reached
them in small- boats, ex-
cept Commodore Rogers
and Captain Wright, who were unable to secure a
boat, and were taken at day break prisoners of war
hy the Confederates.
The fire, as far as accomplishing the full destruc-
tion of the property, was ineffective. The ship-
houses, barracks and lofts were destroyed, but the
dry dock, the heavy ordnance, the machine shops,
the ordnance buildings, foundries, sawmill, pro-
visions aad officers' quarters, were saved. The
ships that were scuttled and fired were but partly
destroyed, and the Confederates gained the use of
the Merrimac. Haritun and Plymouth, by their
raising and repairs, which were readily made in
the Yard. On the 21st Ihe Confederates seized
Fort Norfolk. 300.00(1 pounds of powder, and large
quantities of loaded shells.
Butteries were erected at Se well's Point and
Craney Island, and supplied with tho heavy guns
from the Navy Yard. This gave the Confederates
the control of the harbor of Norfolk, as well as
valuable materials of war. Within one week after
the evacuation of Sumter the Confederates had
possession of Harper's Ferry and Gosport Navy-
Yard- important preliminary movements looking
to the seizure of the national capital.
"UNCLE BEN."
TnE steam tut' Uncle Ben was owned by Messrs.
Johnson & Hit-em's, merchants of Wall Street. New
York, and was commanded by Captain W. H. Dare.
HIJKN1NG OF THK OOSPOKT NAVY
HUJtNlNG OF THK UOSPORT NAVT f AED- NORFOLK, VA, APRIL 2l"r. 18til
64
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
W"*'.' ■ -•- ■" '■ ' urn"*""'
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
REDHU1TINQ FOR THE HAWKINS NEW YOHK ZOUAVES.
iho 30th. In the afternoon of tlmt day she was
joarded and seized by a body of armed Secessionists,
■nd lier captain and pilot wore imprisoned.
After eleven days' confinement they wore re-
leased by the interposition of the Capo Fcor Plying
rirtillory. They were convoyed by the Alba, a Now
York vessel, Captain Powell, to Now York. Tho
Undo Ben was held by its captors,
BURNING OF THE U.S. AltSENAL AT
HARPER'S FERRY.
Tni; village of Harper's Ferry. Va., obtained a
iad celebrity in tho Autumn of 135ft, through what
ib known as tho "John Brown raid"; and was again,
mi April 13th, 1SC1, brought into prominent notice
by tho burning of tho United States Arsenal at that
place by the United Slates forces, to prevent its
falling into the hands of tlio insurgent troops who
endeavored to seize it. Tho Arsenal, containing
a largo quantity of machinery and arms, was gar-
risoned by a small detachment of United States
Rifles, numbering about forty men, under com-
mand of Lieutenant Roger Jones.
Having been apprised of tho approacn of an ovor-
A iwl whelming forco of insurgent troops,
under instructions from the Governor
of tho Slate of Virginia, to seize on tho Arsenal,
Lieutenant Jones instantly sot fire to trains of gun-
powder that had been previously laid, and. three
minutes afte.'ward, both of tlio Arsenal buildings,
containing the arms, together with tho carpenter's
shop, which was at tho upper end of a largo and
connected series of workshops i>f tho armory proper,
were in a blaze.
Every window in tho building 1 ,ul been thrown
open, so as to increase tho fury of lao conflagration.
When this work was accomplished. Lieutenant Jones
and his littlo garrison crossed tho Potomac, over the
covered bridge, followed by an excited crowd oi
citizens, who threatened him with tho direst ven-
geance. He wheeled bis men at tho bridge and
threatened to fire upon tho pursuors, when they
fell back. Ho then fled up the oanal, crossed tlio
hills, and, wading streams and swamps, readied
Hagerstowii at about seven o'clock in the morn-
ing. There ho r .-ocured vehielos to convey hit
command to Chamborsburg, Pa, and Mionco he
I .tyjir-fTf-' irt-Mflp
T"E NAVA
66
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
(rent by railway to Carlisle Barratke,
toeir destination, where thery arrived od
the afternoon of the 19th.' The Gov-
ernment highly ("KirirPitiwi Lien
tenant Jonus for hia Indicioae aut nod
his officers and men for their gcou con
duct; and the commander was fmmp
diately promoted to the office of Aes ul-
nae Quartermaster ■ General. wiU "J"
rank of Captain.
WT3JJA31 SHiAGIJiS
Boiw at Cranston, It L, Scplembct 12tb
1830; snijngcd Id tbo print-works established
by bis grandfather ; became a partner on [ho
leoth of hi* father in 1S14 : wns Governor of
Rluxk Island, 1850-8. Id IBfll offend n n^i-
(ind battery to President Lincoln, with
Rbieh In- look [lie Held, having a commission
8 brigadier-general ; was present nt the Mile
of Bull Run, where lie had " bona shot under
was in several oilier nciioni during ihc
Peninsulnr Ctunpiihm iu 1803. In 1803 was
obosun United States Senator; re-elected in
.803. his term closing in 187'.. and
Jiving retired ;it Proiidcuco, It 1
RHODE ISLAND VOLUNTEERS.
Within five days after the President's
call for 75,000 troops, the Rhode Island
Marino Artillery, with eight gtms and
one hundred and ten horses, commanded
hy Colonel Tompkins, passed through
"*'9W York od their Tray to Washing.
(on, and the First Regiment of infantry,
:,200 strong, under Colonel Ambrose
B. Buniskle, was ready to move. It
am composed of many of the wealthier
I "*t ian citizens of the State, and
accompanied by the yotith-
Rul and patriotic Doinooratio Governor,
William Spniguu, who had, from uia
■private purse, armed and equipped (he regiment,
■ is well as contributed to the geueral war fund.
I The little State, by an Act of the Leg'slaturo,
lander a call of Governor Spraguo for on extra
■session, held on tbo 18th of May, 1801, appropri-
i.ed half a million dollars for equipping volunteors.
SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR. $~
mountain lange, a cuimim of trwpn,
petfoc: ua d4c!pline and oficir>T"r ■.
■<-.■-,. j& -*qgs noyoai any which had yet mustered te
p£%y the national color?, rushed to the rescue
of the monaced capital.
"Sot only the officers of the regi-
ment, but the Governor and Lieutennnt-
j^Bt governor, led the van, bearing with them
^J^ ^gKnJKtfl- 'he sovereignty of the State. With (lit
/ " "^^* side-arms of the officers and the shoul-
dered muskets of the privates, can_e, in
me simple blouse of their uniform, the
representatives of more than 180,000,000
of wealth. No such event has ever bo-
fore been recorded in war, nor has there
been seen, by the past or present gen
oration, such an impersonation of the
muscle and the material aid of a cam-
paign upon its muster and within its
roll-call. Ita moral influence has been
immense, and ho who, hereafter, shall
ivritc the chronicle of what has been, anil
is yet to bo, in this strife, will note this
as the pivot npon which tbo divided
KvV. North wheeled into a compact and solid
"&t form of resistance to rebellion."
^vlHpT Jv | ^^ TnK Cnited States Govern met t paid,
■■' /V'/Z/MmifM^^i^^ " "^i* ■ '';S l"1 ' '''' r' ■"■' • """<> enlisted
V' \f.: \ //■'"' -y\\W'r- ^l;;^--Z- ^sS"v "■ in response te tbo first call of the Pro
■'■■-''■■" ';'1'' ' WW^"~ - --_ .*-\ aidettt as foUowa :
'■■ '■ 9 m, -S^ A Colonel . . ... .ins 00
V.. I V/lfMZeSZ' Vi , -: - N- Lfc-utrnnnt-colone! . . , 10-10(1
'".■Z^" VV yL> V Major 175 CI
"V Captain 103 60
blna Lieutenant 108 6U
Second Lieutenant . , . 108 (K
Hrcvel Second Lieutenant . . 103 00
flret, or Orderly Sergeant . . 2S 00
WILT.TAM SPRAGUE, {rtn"" Sergeants 37 00
.",. Corporals ... 22 00
'"" ■""' oovBEHon ov buobe IBI.AMH iMvates . . . .... MM
Musicians 2! 00
The New York Tribune, speaking of the prompt UfL^rs were required to provide their own
response of IElu.de Island to ihe President's call for uniforms and equipments, hnt the men received
volunteers, said ; their clothing and arms from the Fedora; Gov
Uoforo the I resident bad stirred the heart of eminent. This rate of pay wn№ "onsiderabl?
tht, country with his proclamation, ringing in toug changed when further calis were made dnrinjc
reverberations, like a bugle blast, from coaat w the progress of the to-
T IE "T1A"B BTBAM-nlm. OAt"TTBEII BY nEWKKAl BUYijffl B OUU&BI1 KEAB TRf. HKLAT ROFSF. MW.
ts
THE SOLDIER IN OtTR CIVIL WAR.
THE U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY
AT ANNAPOLIS.
On August 7th, 1815, George Ban
croft, Secretary of the Navy uudei
President Polk, issned orders for the
establishment of a Naval School, mid
instmeted Commander Franklin Bu-
chanan (who subsequently commanded
the Confederate ironclad Merrimao,
and was afterward taken prisoner by
Admiral Farragut in Mobile Harbor)
to open a naval school in Fort Severn,
Annapolis Harbor, Maryland.
October 10th, 18-iS, the school wai
formally opened, and the object of tho
enterprise, with course of instruction,
was set forth as follows: " To collect
the midshipmen, who, from time to
time, are on shore, and give them
occupation during their stay on land ■
in the study of mathematics, nautical
astronomy, theory of morals, inter-
national law, gunnery, the use of
steam, the Spanish and Freneli lan-
guages, and other branches essential
in the present day to the accomplish-
ment of a naval officer." There were
present fifty-six midshipmen and eight
instructors. The buildings in the fort
were found sufficient for instruction-
rooms, quarters and mesa.
In 1846 Congress appropriated
ј28,21.10 to support the School, and a
like sum in 1847. At the end of 1847
the School numbered ninety midship-
men in attendance. In 1S49 the in-
stitution was reorganized by a special
hoard of naval officers, who were in-
structed to make the course of in-
struction and the regulations conform
to the system pursued at the Military
Academy at West Point. The title of
the institution was changed from
Naval School to United States Naval
Academy.
In 1851, the duration of tho course
of study was fixed at four years, tlio
number of instructors was increas
to eleven, and the sloop-of-war Prchle
was assigned to the Academy ai
practice-ship, and for the Summer
cruise of three and a half months cnull
year. A board of visitors was alno
provided for each year to annually i
spcet the Academy, and report to Con-
gress its condition.
During the first year of our Civil
War, Annapolis became an important
military depot, being occupied by Gel
oral Butler as a rendezvous fur troo]^
en route to the defence of the capital
The Academy, with its apparatus, and
such of its corps of instructors and
cadets as did not join the Confederacy]
was transferred to Newport, II. I"
where it continued until the close <'f
tin* war, when it returned, September!
1965, to its original home at Annap-
olis, The list of successive superin-
tendents is as follows : Commando! ;
Franklin Buchanan, 1845-7; Com-
mander George P. Upshur, 1847-50;
Captain C. K. Stribbling, 1S50-3 ; Cap
tain L. II. Goldsborougli, 1853-7;
Commander George S.l'.lake, 18ft7-li-'i
Vice-admiral D. T). Porter, 1665-0;
Bear-admiral John L.TVrorden,ia69-7^
K*.r-adrairal C. It. P. Rogers, 1874.
The departments of study are (-ap-
plied with all the paraphernalia of
actual naval warfare, including guns
of the various calibre ; ships, from the
steam-launch to the steam-frigate on|
ironclad; a complete workshop una
foundry. Steam engineering, g"0-
neiy, pliilosophy, chemistry, and as-
tronomy, are illustrated by the latest
and most approved apparatus ; and tlio
Summer cruise each year perfects tie
cadet midshipman in naval warfare.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
4WNAP0LIS AND BALTIMORE OCCUPIED
BY GENERAL BUTLER.
On the 18th of April, General Benjamin F.
Butler, who had boen placed by Governor Andrew
jn co hi mi mi I of the first contingent of Massachusetts
troops raised under President Lincoln's proclama-
tion, left Boston with the Eighth Regiment, Colonel
Timothy Monroe, reaching Philadelphia late tho
following day. There he heard of the attack which
had been made that morning on tho
Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, while
passing through Baltimore, and, after consultation
with the commander of the recently-created "De-
partment of Washington," Major-general Robert
Patterson, as well as with Commodore Ihipont,
then in charge of tho League Island Navy Yard,
Philadelphia, it was decided to proceed to Washing-
ton by way of Annapolis,
Before noon of the 20th, on arriving at Havre do
Grace, and not meeting with the armed resistance
which many had led him to expect, he rmidly insurgents were o
embarked the regiment on the powerful for y boat aid of tho Mari/h
Maryland, which hitter yet remained in charge of place of safety, and left in charge of her late gallant
her regular ere w, and arrived ac Annapolis shortly commander, Captain Blake, who was directed to
after midnight, fnrtwjati'ly in time to save the keep the guns trained upon tho river-hanks,
frigate Caiwtitutii n (" Old Ironsides"), which some Iu aiding the frigate, however, the ferryboat got
n the point of seining. With tho
nil, the old vessel was towed to
60
aground, and foroibl; remained so till tn€ loilowinj,
day, adding to the already great discominrts of the
troop3 on board, and naturally intensifying the
anxiety of General Butlor, who foresaw tho serious
complications which, in the then oicited condition
of affairs, every minute's delay might bring. Noi
can it well be conjectured how much more compro-
mising tho position would have become had not Ihu
Seventh Regiment of Now York City, in command
of Colonel Marshall Letlorts, having sailed by
steamer from Philadelphia, arrived on tho seonc.
and not only thus aided the landing of the Eigh-h
Massachusetts Rogimont, but strengthened mate-
rially the available military force placed within the
general's immediate roach.
Both regiments wore quartered at tho United
States Naval Academy, in opposition to Governor
Thomas H. Hicks, whoso recent protest, addressed
to President Lincoln, against tho lauding of troops
upon the soil of Maryland, had met with no stonier
a rebuke at the hands of our then able Secretary of
State, William H. Seward, thau that administered
by General Butler, who. besides taking decided
unihrage nt the Governor's unllattering designation
of the force under his command, took occasion to
romind tho Governor that his troops wore not
"Northern troup3," but "a part of tho whole
THE BOUqBET BiTTBEY, COlLUAMDINa THE VIADUCT OYER THE PATAP5CO KTVBB,
lfEAJi THE IlELAY HOUSE.
AJSI) itUlO IlAILKUAIi
7№
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
7'
jiilitia of the United (States, obeying U" t"U of
tha President"
Tito further progress of the troops waa impeded
by the tearing up of much of tho line of tho Anna-
polis and Elk Kid go Railway, as well as the destruc-
tion of nil that company's rolling stock, which hud
taken place *h" previous day. It was, therefore,
determined to rebuild the road at once, and placo
the disabled engines in ninriir.ff order, tho more
readily to procure long-needed .supplies for tl>o men,
and in order to open a way for tho additional troops
which were expected soon to follow. The work,
though difficult under tho circumstances, was com-
pleted on tho 24th of April, with tho help of skilled
workmen, now volunteer soldiors, nnd the two regi-
ments thon left Annapolis for tho Junction, which
they reached the following day. It waa then de-
cided thai the Eighth Ma^.si^linsetts would remain
to hold tho road just opeiu... while the Seventh
new York should proceed to Washington.
The Seventh reached its destination tho same
evening, and with tho Sixth Massachusetts, as well
j a few companies of Pennsylvania troop3. already
Mills, the
w inch had
listing
Lute i
ahiedy to aid .a :n<. omLctenance of the ln"s. ami
appealing to the good faith of the people. From it
we extract the following :
" . . . . A detachment of the forces of the Federal Got
cromenl under lay command have occupied the City cil
Baltimore fur I In- pLirjM-.-. muring olhers Uiiujp, nf cnfonitiu
respect unit obedience to the law* as well of the Stale, if to
quested luerelo by tho civil authorities, as ol Jic United
Suites laws, which are being violated within its limit* by
some malifunnt and traitorous men, and lit order to testify
il.e acceptance by tho Federal Government of the fart Ihiit
the city and all the weU-Inlcntioned portion of Its iuhnbitnnls
an- loyal to tbu Union and l-o Constitution, and nro to be so
regarded and treated by all. To the end, therefore, that nil
misunderstanding "I I'"' purr**' "[ lln fJnvi rnuicnl mny 1m
p rev en ltd, nnd lo set nt nsl all urifoninli-l t U-j- tnd -n I ili. an
mtiom ; to relievo all npprehc nsiont, if any bit felt, by the
well-disposed portion of the community, nnd la m iki H Urar
oughly understood hy all traitors, their aiders and nhctlore,
that rebellious acta must cease, I hereby, by tbu autboril)
justly celohrated Winana steam-gun, vested iu me us commander of the Department of Annapolis,
just been finished by its invontor Dick- of wLiu1' Bntiiuioro forms a purt. do now command ami
1 was expected to revolutionize the then "1,lli" ,li","" d, ""I1 n" ,l,'-v"1 ,,r w.-lMi.n<."wl . ■mien will l"
. , . aistiirlml m hm lawful m-i u] nil inn ,.r Ijii-iih-.i; (lin: privatu
*i? '". afuV^9" L B ., property will nut I* interfered with by the men under my
i tne Utn of May, the first small detach- command, or allowed to be interlcad with by uihem except
BATTERY ON KLK RTDGE, SEAR TITE RELAY HOUSE, COMMANDING
TFIE WASHINGTON BRANCH OK TtlF. BALTIMORE AND OHIO n.VILROAD
it I ho eily, nnd which were tho fust volunteers that
reached Wtshiiig-ton, constituted, strange though
i may appear, a total military force of about two
gpuaand man available for the defense of the capital
'he " Department of Annapolis," including the
■xmntry for twenty miles on either side of tho rail-
cay leading to Washington, was then created by
Lie: :cnan'.-gounral Scott, who placed General But-
it its head, with full discretionary powers. By
ond of April there had assembled at Annapolis,
which was thou practically the key to the only open
■oad to Washington, a force of ten thousand men.
Ou tho -ith of May, Genera] Butler issued
trdora for tho dispatching from Washington of
bo Eighth New York, under tho command of
jplonel Lyons ; Major A. M. Cooks Boston Light
Artillery, -md ihe already famous Sixth Mas-
sachusetts, and, with this force, ha proceeded
following day to within a few miles of Balti-
more, seizing tho Relay House, which
was then, as now, a very important
tation at the junction of the railway lines leading
Washington arid tc Harper's Ferry. It was
vhilo General Butler was at the Relay House per-
ecting his plans that the Eighth New York and
ilajor Cook'e artillery forco captured, at Ellicott
ment of troops was sent toward Baltimore. On
tho following evening, during the prevalence of
a frightful rainstorm. General Btttlor, with the
Sixth Massachusetts and the Eighth New York
Regiment, entered tho city, ^ud, without meeting
any resistance, established his headquarters on
Federal Hill, an eminence commanding tho city
proper, as well as Fort McHeury in tho near dis-
tance. His arrival whs followed by tho issuing of a
proclamation setting forth his mission, which was
in to far as it may be used (o afford aid nnd comfort 1 1 those-
in rebellion ogninst ihe Government, whether here or olso
where. . . ,
"The ordinary operations of tho corporate Government ol
the City of Baltimore, and of (be, civil authorities, will not 1m
interfered with, but, on Ihe contrary, will lie aided by all Ihe
power ut the command of the general, unon "roper call beinp
made, and nil such authorities arc cordinlfj invited to co-op
crate with the general in commnnd to utrry out the purpose!
set fortb in the proclamation, so that the City of Baltimore
may be shown to the country to be, what she is, in fuel.
patriotic nnd loyal to the Union, tho Constitution iuni the
"To make it more apparent that Ihe Government of the
United States by far more relics upon tho loyalty patriotism
and itett of (he itihhI chi/rim of ftnliimnn; a-id vicinity than
ujmn any exhibition of force calculated l" Intinddal then;
into that obedience to the law (which [h iGovt rmnt nt double
not will be paid from inherent iespei I intl Inn • , , \ r the
commanding general has brought to lilt > in- villi him, .if liir
ind IroojM in the innm.li ,t. i" ij|it",rJ.,""l which
nil. I
rely upon that loyalty nnd pat
Is.id whieli have never yet been looml ivaiiim" to the Gov
crumentiu time of need. The general in command desire.
to greet and treat in this pan of his department all the eiu
mna thereof as friends and brothers, having n ci
post, n common loyalty nnd a commoc cauntrv
7-J
THE SOLDIER /Jv OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
?3
■'The general believes that, if tin- fugges-
tici::> unil rcgueata Contained in tlii* procla-
mation are faithfully carried out by the co-
operation of nil good and Union -loving
rilizeus, and peace and quiet, and certain t'
lit future peace and quiet, arc thus restorca
In: 111' ■■■'.■- ill !: Umr ilsilft rj liillltd clliiriLvl.',
trade toko the place of dullness and
tivity, efficient lahor displace idleness
Baltimore will be, in fact, what sho i
i\llcd to be, in the front rank of tho
ijiercial eities of the nation." . . .
General Bn tier's proclamalioi. woo
y one from Governor Hicks,
culling for the State f|iiota of fonr
"egimcTits, in response to the call of
tho President. These troops were to
inly within the State of Mary-
land, or, if need be. for the defense of
the capital. Almost simultaneously,
likewise, came tho reproof admin 13-
tcrod by the Lieutenant-general of t!iu
Army at what he was pleased to term
the "hazardous orenpation c£ 3nl-
whs General
Butler's recall to Washington, where,
however, ho waa promoted to bo a
major-general of volunteers, and waa
given the command of a now and
more extended military district, which
included Virginia, North Carolina and
South Carolina, with headquarters at
Fortress Monroe. General Butler was
succeeded in
General George CadwaJladi
and tho troops
drawn from tho city, in a
with a previous understand"!
president Lincoln and the G<
BEXJAMIN F. BU
Boar, in Dcerliotd, N. H-.
1818 ; graduated at Watarvill
admitted to I he bur at Lowell,
Btato Militia through all
general ; represented Li
member of tho Constil
member of the Senate ol
ehusetts ; member •■!
bcld at Charleston, S. (
33d, and adjourned toB;
June 18th, 1800 ; short
drew therefrom, anno
" I wilt not sit in a coi
where the African slave
which, is piracy by the
intry - it upprovi
vocatcd." Headed tb
•idtfO electoral (ieket in
identiat election of 18fli
On April lath, 1881,
^all for troops to haste
of Wnshingt.
bis men to Annapolis. There ho prevented
the frigate CorutUvtiim {the renowned "Old
Ironsides") falling into the handa of tin
Insnrjrrnts. nod landed bb c
with the New York Seventh, Colonel Map
shall Leilerts. occupied tho Naval Academy
grounds, neaiust tho opposition of Iho Gov
enior of Maryland ; repaired tho mil road to
AnnapolL'. Junction, thus securing n clear
tho transportation of Northern
troojw to the capital ; seized the Relay House,
captured the Winans steam-gun, and. May
Mtb, 1B81, occuplctl Fort Federal Hill. Baltl-
in command of tho city, with a body
of less than one llmusand men. These, in a
letter issued to Governor Hicks, ho (erms
"Not Northern troopt," hut ''a part •■/ U<
tclioU militia of tlie United £tn!<*, allying Via
rail if Vtc PmibitL" Promoted to ho n
major-general of volunteer*, Hay, 1801, and
placed in command at the "Department of
Virginia," with headquarters at Fortress
In co njuu f'linti with Admiral Fnnnimt,
look posscaiion of Xew Orleans. May 1st.
IF*'.1, carrying out many a dm i nisi ml I vo re-
forms which remain lo this day ; raptured
City Point nml Bermuda Ilundreil, duj; tho
nmch G.ip Canal, aided the i
General Grant upon Petersburg, and ner-
fonued other valuable serviees. In ISM was
elected lo Congress from tho Essex District,
mid served several terms; was elected Gov-
FEDKllAL HILL, BALTOIOBB (TAKEN FROM t
EKEItAI. BDTI.KR'S rOMJLAND.
DEPARTURE OF THE ELLSWORTH FIBE ZOUAVES FROM NEW YOB
KNfAMPMENT OF THE ELLSWORTH NEW YOR£ 8
DEPARTURE OF THE ELLSWORTH FIRE ZOUAVES FROM NEW YORK, APML 3!*ra, 1861.- ESCORTED BY THE NEW YORK FIRE DEPARTMENT.
KKfAUl-ilENT Of THE ELLSWORTH NEW YOKE. FIRE BOUAVES, OPPOSITE THE NAVY YA1UJ. WASHINGTON
/<*
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
EPHRAIM E. ELLSWORTH.
Born in Saratoga County, New
York, April 23d, 1837, he was killed
at Alexandria, Va., May 24th, 18(11.
Ho early displayed a taste for a mili-
tary life, and sought to enter West
Point as a cadet. Lacking political
influence, he entered a store in Troy,
and afterward in New York City.
In 1855 he removed to Chicago,
entered a law office as student, and
soon achieved an honorable positiou.
His mertinl tendencies being still
strong, he connected himself with a
military company. He soon became
ils captain, and infused new life in it
by adopting the dress, drill and
practices of the French Zouaves, as
illustrated by that arm. of the service
in the Crimean War. His company,
known as the Chicago Zouave Cadets,
were sworn to total austineme from
liquor, tobacco and all excesses. Pro-
fanity was made a ground for dis-
missal, and chivalrous courtesy at all
times exacted.
About this time he entered the
law office of Abraham Lincoln, then
practicing law in Springfield, Illinois.
The reputation won by his com-
pany of Zouave Cadets, and the desire
■A the public to witness the peculiar
drill, led to invitations to visit the
Eastern cities, and in 1SG0 he com-
plied with this request.
In New York, he gave an exhibition
lrill in the City Hall Park before
EFHRAIM ELMORE ELLSWORTH.
eight thousand spectators. He wnj
commissioned Second Lieutenant in
the army early in 1801, and, when
Tolunteers wore called for, he resigned
his commission in the anny, went to
New York, and from the firemen of
that city organized a regiment of one
thousand men, who, accustomed to
exposure, hard work and extreme
vigilanco, proved excellent material
for active service, especially under the
peculiar drill and discipline adopted
by Colonel Ellsworth.
This regiment, was known as the
New York Fire Zouaves, and on the
20th of April, 1801, sailed for Wash-
ington, and on the 24th of May oc-
cupied Alexandria, Virginia.
Before going into camp, and while
engaged in destroying means of com-
munication southward by railroad and
telegraph. Colonel Ellsworth, accom-
panied by a sirnll guard,
caught sight of a Con-
federate (lag flying from the Mars nail
House.
Determined to capture it, lie en-
tered the house, mounted to the roo.
tore down and secured the flag, and
on his way to the street was shot down
hy J. W. Jackson, the proprietor of
the hotel. Private Francis E. Brown-
ell, one of his guards, immediately
raised his rifle, shot Jackson through
the head, and by the next movement
thrust his bayonet through the body
before it bad fallen from the step.
Colonel Ellsworth's body was carried
1 r'/v*
THE ELLSWORTH (fIRe) ZOHAYES FIGHTING THEHi OLD NEW YOiii ENEMY LN THEIR USUAL WAY ADJ01NMG WILLAHu's HOTEL, WASHINGTON
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
DEATH OF CALOMEL EFHUIASI E. ELLSWORTH .
to tho White Iloiiee in
jVaihington, whora tho
iral service was per-
formed, nnd thence, with
igli New York City,
to the home of his pu-
nt Mechanics ville,
il. Y., where i\ coniDiiny
of his devoted regiment
lired a volley over his
TDE FIRE ZOUAVES.
Os llm moniins of May
Dili. lH;i, il win nnnoii[in.il
It W ratlin j(1 Mil tllrll I in.! IV: is
a liquor istnhlish incut next
>r in Willnrd'B Hotel,
mediately General Mans-
DuliJ, Colonel McDowell, am'.
plbors, wore in attendance.
In a short time Hie Are wu
vtinpiMu-il, iiiiil ill w.if |.n .
ounced safe.
i hours alter, tmotlior
C THE HANDS OF J AS. JACKSON, OF TIIE MARSHALL
BY PRIVATE FRANCIS E. B110WNELL
HOUSE. - 8H00TIKQ CF JACKSON
.,.1 i
time fierce flames
Men rushing from Ilia
: building. The it-n. ■• -
■preiri vviili ft-.irful rapidity
ward the aotel, which was
lied Willi dense volumca of
noke nud panic- stricken
After intcniiiciililr
lie or two imilli iiiii
mpiinicB appeared,
ngaiiLtt who.*; feeble ufTnrH
the lire mil, I,- enntir us pre,.
gTvsa. At Ibis jiui Inn: Gen-
eral MnuMiuld dis|iatehed 1111
il Ellsworth, onk-
log f"
puny, bended b
.viftly and ii
order down tho a1
rcnohing tho engino- house,
they fonnd it so fastened or
for u Ions time to defy iheh
entrance; lint tlioy broke In
the floor, and mshed (ho en-
gine la the Arc. Here they
worn joined by several hun-
dreds of (heir companions.
Some of their nets were
frightful lo heboid: Two of
them lieM each n leg of the
thin], they Nlnnding on Iho
remf enveloped iu flan ten.
while he, lund downward,
was suspended over the burn-
t rated.
"I I
"Fire I
tsctun
lie qurr*im * jnri 1
g through.
THE MARSHALL HOUSE, ALEXANDRIA, VA., FROM WHICH COLONEL ELLSWORTH REMOVED
THE CONFEDERATE FLAG-
Insisting upon lii.i right tt
command,
" Well," said tho eolone.
"if you have more men her
Hum I have, you am tako It"
After two hours' hard wur;
they subdued (ho fire. Gen
i r.d Mansfield iddtcsaed them,
thanking and praising lliero.
1 of you, wry
" A/u-r break
Mr, Wttlird.
tiny gave three ''liecra. 41ms
'• Dixie," nnd irehed to
tbtir quarters.
Now Vorkcre won fjimt
■J' h. rlii. In them. Abraham
Wftkvtnci, Tam-low IV ced,
Simeon I>r"per, and I- . ,.. ■
Alwl, praised the boys, wl I
stood metaphorically on tw,
h-nds with leliotit-
of yo,
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
79
THE FUNERALOFTHE MASSACHUSETTS
SOLDIERS KILLED AT BALTIMORE.
Luthkr C. Ladd, a young mechanic of Lowell,
a little more than seventeen years of age; Addis--.
O. "Whitney, another young mechanic, of Lowell,
twenty-one years of age ; Charles A. Taylor, a
decomtive painter of Boston - who were killed
outright - and Sumner II. Needham, of Lawrence,
a plasterer by trade, who was mortally wounded,
were the slain of the Sixth Massachusetts in Bal-
timore, on the 10th of April, 1861.
"Private Merrill S. Wright, of the Richardson
Light Infantry of Lowell, was detached hy Colonel
Jones to receive the bodies from Marshal Kane of
Baltimore, and to convey them to their former
homes. The bodies were received in Boston on the
let of May by a military escort under Governor
Andrew and Adjutant-general Schouler, accom-
panied by a large concourse of citizens, and were
wliich Lieutenant-colonel Thomas J. Morris, of tho
staff of Governor Bradford of Maryland, presented
a beantiful national flag, made of silk, and wrought
by the loyal women of Biltimore for the purpose.
On the polished black walnut staff was a silver
plate, bearing an engraving of the arms of Mary-
land and of Mattel mset t", and the words:
MARYLAND TO MASSACHUSETTS,
Aran. IDrn, 1885.
This was the crowning evidence of the sorrow of
true Marylanders for the wrongs inflicted on citizens
of Massachusetts. Only a few months after the
occurrence, the Legislature of Maryland took steps
to " wipe out," as they expressed it, the foul blot of
the Baltimore riot, and on the nth of March, 1SG2,
the Assembly appropriated Beven thousand dollars,
to be dispensed, under the direction of the Gov-
Major-general John E. 'Wool, second in com-
mand to Lien tenant-general W infield Scott, Gen-
crnl-in-cbief, United States Army,
Arttn-11!a- was at Troy, N. Y. Ho at once, as
Commander of the Eastern Department, which
included the territory east of the Mississippi River,
took the active control of the troops being raised
and poured into the City of New York, and, mak-
ing his headquarters at tho St. Nicholas Hotel, is-
sued orders to have all troops forwarded. Lie,
likewise, made requisitions for arms, subsistence
and transportation, aud actively co-operated with
the Union Defense Committee of New York City,
of which General John A. Dix was chairman.
The crisis demanded immediate action, and
General Wool assumed extraordinary authority,
justified only by the exigency in view of the impos-
sibility of communication with Washington, New
Jersey was asking for transportation for her regi-
ments, now equipped by voluntary contributions,
THE BODIES OP
BBS KILLED AT BALTIMORE RECEIVED UY THE CITIZENS OP LOWELL.
temporarily deposited in the vaults of King's
Chapel. On the 6th of May, those of Ladd and
Whitney were removed to Lowell. The day was
dark and stormy. All tho mills were stopped
running, the stores were closed, and all business
was suspended. The bodies were received by a
great concourse of citizens and six military com-
panies just organized for the war, and escorted to
Huntingdon Hall, which was draped in black.
The funeral services were held iu the Hall.
The Rev. W. R. Clark, of the Methodist Church,
preached an impressive sermon before the authori-
ties of the city and the people, and then the two
bodies were placed in a vault in the Lowell Ceme-
tery. A little more than four years afterward the
remains of these "first, martyrs" were deposited
beneath a beautiful monument erected by a pop-
ular subscription.
It was dedicated on the 17th of June, 1865, in
the presence of nearly 20,000 people, with impos-
ing ceremonies, by the Masonic fraternity, and &
largo number of military organizations.
Governor Andrew lelivered an oration, aitur
ernor of Massachusetts, for the relief of the fami-
lies of those who were then injured. To-day,
Massachusetts and Maryland cordially embrace
each other as loving sisters in the great family of
the lation.
GENERAL JOHN E. WOOL
THE NEW YORK UNION DEFENSE COMMITTEE.
Ddeeso the time the national capital was cut
off from communication with the North, five
companies of Pennsylvania troops, who hail pre-
ceded the Sixth Massachusetts, had succeeded in
passing through Baltimore before the mob had
organized, and were assailed with threats and oaths
instead of paving-stones anil shotguns. These, with
tho Sixth Massachusetts, constituted the national
guard protecting the seat of government.*
w"o lb
WMhiop-o
trUllcrj, Captain
ulrr. dpuli
JunnJp, Cnplnli
luluLilri
I'aiiuun Ihowti B. Ye"|jcr
al
General Wool sent them on to Philadelphia, and
thence by transports a<'russ the Chesapeake to An-
napolis. He early looked to tho safety of the Gob-
port Navy Yard, to Hampton Roads and Fortrcsj
Monroe, and sent by transports, accompanied by
armed steamers, provisions, ammunition and rein-
forcements, as he well know the importance of
these strategic points and the value of the arma-
ment at Gosport to the enemy, should they fall
into their hands.
The Governors of the various States in his de-
partment, as they were cut off from communicat-
ing with Washington, applied to him for counsel as
well as for munitions of war, and for arms and
for equipments for the volunteers waiting to bo
sent to the defense of the capital. Governor Yatea
appealed for arms and ammunition for live thou-
sand waiting Illinois volunteers, and was directed,
in conjunction with Frank P. Blair, of Missouri,
to take possession of tho United States Arsenal at
St, Louin. =nd use the 21,000 stand of arms and
110,000 rounds of ammunition there stored
General Wool ordered the Ellsworth Zotwrea
So
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Si
'"
'
SIXTEEN TRANSPORTS CROSSING CHESAPEAKE HAT WITH KEW YORK TROOPS FOR '
ANNAPOLIS, MAT 4tf.. 13F^
ieiil objections of the capital of tho nation, unci armed with tlio resolutions of congratulation and thanks, and con
■ho delayed llicin prestige of successful invasion. veyod a request to the War Department to ratify
vorfiowing ranks The reward for this fidelity was an order from and approve the conduct and notion o; General
nished
i Gcneral-in-ehief, in lliu first mail from Wash- Wool, and to contin
ommund of the
oity and department.
These res- ntions were
fiirniBhod :o the Presi-
dent of tho United
States, to Lieutenant-
general Scott, and U:
Major-general Wool
April 30th, 1SG1, and 01
August 17th, 18G1, Gen-
end Wool was called
from his retirement, and
placed in command ol
the Department of South
eastern Virginia, to sue
coed General Butler at
forward, in or position to the tech
Governor Morgan of New York,
until they should reduce their
to the number authorized by la
tho Pennsylvania roopa
with 16,000 muskets and
GO0.00O cartridges. To
six Ohio regiments he ",'*■
issued 3,000 mil skots and
118.000 cartridges. To
other O no troops, 10,000
muskets i, nd 400,000 car-
tridges. Five thousand
muskets and 200,000 car-
tridges wore issued to
Indiana troops. Illinois
ilrew 300,000 cartridges;
Massachusetts, 4,000
stand of arms; Now
Hampshire, 2,000 mus-
kets and 20,000 car-
tridges; Now Jersey,
3,000 muskets; and
10,000 muskets and
400,000 cartridges wore
issued to General Pat-
terson, in command in
Pennsylvania, and 16,000
muskets to Major-gen-
eral Sandiord, of New
York. Ho made Por-
tress Monroe secure,
saved the capital from
seizure, and by his
prompt action kept alive
the fires of patriotism,
and sent forward, organized and armed, volunteers ington received after its investment (April 3nth, they were presented
who, without such prompt encouragement, might 1861), directing Genoral Wool to return to his Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association. Colonel Wil-
have, in waiting for an order for arms and emiip- headquarters at Troy, and there await tno recovery ham Wilson hud been one of tho very first to offer
ments from tho seat of Government, been called to of his health, known to be fceblo. The Union his sen-ices to tho Government on tho breaking out
repulse from the soil of New York and Massachu.- Defense Committee, who appreciated his services, of tho war. lie recruited a regiment of nearly
setts and Illinois an invading army possessed uf as did the whole people north, unanimously adopted twelve hundred men from tho rowdy and crimiii"
BLEEPING QUARTERS OF THE RHODE IBLAND BEGIJIEHT IN THE PATENT OFFICE, WASHINGTON.
THE
("BILLY") WILSON
ZOUAVES.
IN Juno 10th, 1861,
Santa Rosa Island, on
which stands Fort Pick-
ens, was made lively by
tho encampment there
of tho Sixth Now Yor><
Regiment of Volunteers,
known as "Billy"
Wilson's Zouaves.
They left Now York,
June 13th, on which day
beautiful silk Hag by the
fclu.-, DIV'lSlOA 01 PENRST1VANIA VOLUNTEERS. UNDER GENERAL CALWALLAIiER, SN'TERIHG BALTTMOU2 HARBOR, 1TAY l.Vin, 1061
82
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
S3
1 y^M&.A *$ v.33^,.^^4
Is
td g
!?5
"& 1 ., * >./ v
s*
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR. 8$
clafflfc __ jnew York city, wrt were dravrr, together after conferring with Commodore Stringh am, it was onel Crittenden, a portion of Burnett's Ol.io Artil-
by the avenging cry, " Death to the Piug Dghes of decided to destroy them if possible. lery, under Lieutenant-colonel Stnrges, and fonr
mdor Licit-
a the 31st of May, Captain Ward, in command companies of tin* Fourteenth Ohio.
on hoard the Thomas Preuborn. and tenant-colonel Stcadman.
assisted by two moro of his gunboats, It was agreed that Colonel Kelley's
llio Resolute and the Anacosla, began tho attack, should proceed along [bo Beverly Turnpike above
* fight, succccdeil in silencing Philippi, u distanco of about twenty-twa miles, with
of engaging Colonel Portor-
o batteries at tho landing, bnt, for want of h
range ammunition, could not effectually respond to
i tho heights, and so had to with.
o heavy lire fi
Baltimore •" and tho popular clamor if the infuri
ated mob elements to punish summi
rily the perpetrators of the Baltiimi
attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment.
Colonel Wilson formally mustered his regimenl, i
tho old Tammany Hall, and there, on April 2?th,
with the men arranged around the room, with the
officers in tho centre, tho Colonel, with a sword in
ono hand and the American (lag in tho other, knelt dra
on ono knee, and all present knelt with him, and Tho following day, howeycr, with addi',
repented after him the oath : " To support tho aid from tho sloops-of-wnr Pawnee and Yankee
flag, and never flinch from its path through blood attack was resumed, and dm
or death." Ho then denounced the Plug TTglies finuous b
of Baltimore, and declared that Wilson's Zouaves were twic
would Icavo but a monument of their hones in the depot burned ; but whether they were fired by shells drenching rainstorm, an-1 was about taking its posi
streets. from the ships, or by the (Jo- .ftsd era lea in their titui, when Colonel PoitcrGold's pickets engaged il
Amid yells of " Death to tho Ping Uglics !" ho retreat, is unknown. in consequence of tho alarm caused by a pistol-shot,
s;iid : "Though I may bo tho first man slain, I During tho engagement the Freeborn fired ICO wiiich was fired by a woman ut Colonel Lander,
havo but ono request to mako : Let each of you, rounds, GO of which were shell ; the Pawnee, 350 while ho was reconnoitring ahead of tho column.
iy follower", select his man ami avenge my death." rounds ; tho Anatosfa, about 100 ; and tho Yankee, There being, up to that time, no signs of Kelley's
to II. Tho Anacosta, which was chiefly manned by troops, contrary to their preconcerted arrangement,
id fearing Colonel Portorfield might OS-
field's rear at four o'clock on tho
morning of the 3d, when Colonel Dtimont's column
would simultaneously open fire from tho hoight*
ov-iooking tho villiigo of Philippi.
Colonel Dumont's cnlnmn, accompanied bj Ool-
icl F. W. Lander, of General McClolhtn's staff,
bardment on both sides the batteries reached iis destination at the appointed time, after*
ced, and tho wharf and railway Tory wearisome march of nearly thirteen miles in a
i, the
Tho regiment was transported tho
Staton Island, whero they went into camp
until they wore, on tho 13th of Juno, em-
barked, as they supposed, for Baltimore,
bnt really for Santa Rosa Island.
Thoy encamped about a inilo eastward
of Fort Pickens. The Confederates had
despaired of ever capturing the fort, but
they used every effort to break up the
Zonavo camp, and looked upon " Billy
Wilson" as the foremost man on the
island.
On the 6th of October, 1561, a Confed-
erate force of between twelve hundred and
two thousand men, under command of
Brigadier-general Anderson, effected a
landing on the island fonr miles above the
camp.
Sickness and desertion had so depleted
the regiment that Oolonol Wilson had but
two hundred men able to take tho field.
The Zouaves wore surprised, and had so
often given false alarms, and played prac-
tical jokes on tho garrison in tho fort, that
the firing of tho pickots did not alarm
them, and not until tho engagement be-
came general did the regulars become
uwaro of tho serious nature of tho attack.
In tho meantime, Colonel Wilson and
Lientenant-colnnel Civighton encountered
the centre column of tho enemy, bnt could
not prevent a flank movement by which
the Confederates gained possession of their
camp, and after completely plundering iL
of clothing, inonoy and baggage, set the
camp on fire.
The Confederates finally retreated to
their boats, under a terrible tiro from the
Zonaves and regulars, and, under tho cover
of the darkness, escaped with a consider-
able loss. This was tho first battle of the
Zonaves, and very little precaution had
been taken against an attack They lost
10 killed, 16 wounded, and 9 prisoners.
The rebel loss was as high as 410 killed, v
and missing. Among the prisoners wer
unded volunteers
tlio Severn
Yors, did effect iv
several shots froi
ously injured. T
and yet no ono or
to have lu^LiiiRMj
cape, Colonel Dumont opened fire upon
tho Confederates with both of bis guns,
nnd, nnder their cover, mado a dash upon
the enemy's pickets, carrvingconsternation
in their ranks, and capturing the barri-
caded bridge across tho river.
Meanwhile, Kelley's command, which
had been delayed by being treacherously
led at tho sido instead of in tho rear of
Color.cl Porterflold's position, advanced
rapidly upon tiio fugitives, and pursued
them through tho streets of Philippi,
compelling them to abandon everything
in their flight. It was while thus en-
gaged, gallantly leading his troops, that
Colonel Kelley was shot by a retreating
Confederate through the left breast, and
believed to be mortally injured,
In this emergoncy, Colonel Dumont was
assigned to tho command of the two oper-
ating columns, and cos'.iuued the pursuit
nntil, under the instructions of General
Morris, ho broaght th\> t.-oop3 book to
Grafton, which, for a while, became tho
headquarters of the national troops in
Western Virginia. Colonel Kelley finally
■ecoverod his health, and received tho well-
iiierited promotion of brigadier-general, his
commission being dated May 17th, 1861,
sixteen days earlier than the date of tho
buttle in vthich ho so brilliantly distin-
guished himself.
ENGAGEMENT AT EOMNEY.
On tho 10th of Jnnc, 1801, news was
brought to Colonel Lewis Wallace, of tho
Eleventh Indiana Volnntoors, a Zouave re-
giment, i has a largo Confederate force had
been concentrated at the town of Romncy,
tho county scat of Hampshire County,
Va., about fifty miles to tho southeast
t Regiment, New of Cumberland. Colonel Walluco left Cumber-
fhc Freeborn received land of tho 11th lost., proceeding by railroad,
IStil.
i the batteries, but
10 Pawnee was struck nine times,
the side of the flotilla was found
serious injury.
ATTACK ON THE CONFEDERATES
AT AQTJIA OEEEK.
Aqitia Creek enters the Potomac River from the
left or Virginia side, forty miles below WashingU>".
The point of junction is the eastern terminus of the
Fredericksburg and Potomac Railway, seventy-five
miles southwest of Richmond, Va., and here, in tho twenty -t
early part of May, several batteries and other ob- Baltimor
atrnctions had boon erected by tho Confederates to mako an important connection, and has hecoun
interfere with the free navigation of the river, and ~jted as the scene of tho surprise and rout of the
to prevent vessels carrying supplies to tho capital. Confederate forces which were concentrated there
Captain J. H. Ward, who was in command of the June 3d, 1801, under Colonel Porter field.
Potomac flotilla, had frequently to contend with Acting under instructions from Brigadier-general foot-race, taking
these batteries erected at different points, his flag- T. A. Morris, tho Federal troops were arranged in cers, not being ti"™
SURPRISE AND ROUT AT PHILIPPI.
PHILIPPI is a little town in Western Virgin
miles southward of Grafton, whero t
ind Ohio and the Northwestern Railways
mportant
twenty-eight miles to New Creek
Bridge, which ho reached at cloven
o'clock tho samo evening. His command at onco
commenced their march for Romncy, twenty-two
miles distant, reaching there at eight o'clock on
the following morning. Ho at once charged tho
Confederates, who had been advised by their
mounted scouts, whom Colonel Wallace's advance
had driven in, of the approach of the Zonaves.
Although numbering 1,200 men, tho Confederates
made hut fecblo resistance, and fled in wild dis-
order. In the rough-and-ready language of a letter-
writer among the assailants: "Tho Zonaves
advanced at tho ' double-quick.' Tho Confederates
went 'about face,' and invited tho Eleventh to t
start. Tho mounted ofH-
.vpert in fence -lea ping, dis
ship, the Thomas Freeborn, usually bearing tho two columns ; one commanded by Colonel B. F. mounted, ii'id joined tho ' flcld r
brunt of tho attacks. It was with tho latter that ho Kelley, whoso force consisted of his own regiment, " Some s'.ragglers, whoso ranning was not so good
iucceedod iu silencing tho heavy guns mounted on tho First Virginia, the Ninth Indiana, Colonel as their boasting, lagged behind, and wero taKon
Cranoy Island and at Sowall's Point, which coin- Milroy, and a portion of tho Sixteenth Ohio, under prisoners. The Zouaves entered Romney at half-
tuanded the passago through Hampton Roads. Tho Oolonol Irwin j whilo the other column was corn- past eight o'clock A.i!., in timo to partake of
batteries at and on tho height* above Aqnia Creek manded by Colonel E. Dumont. who had with him tho breakfast which had been prepared for the
landing were, however, reported to be of a xore eight companies of his own regiment, the Seventh Confederates.
formidable nature than any yet encountered, and Indiana, four companies of the Sixth Indiana, Col- '"They captured one major, ten houses, tents,
THE ENGAGEMENT AT KUMNEY, VA., .JUNE lira, 1861.- THE ELEVENTH INDIANA ZOUAVES
VIEW UE GEAETON, VA, UN THE MONONGA1IELA EIVEK, HI
TUK ENGAGEMENT Al ItoMNEV, VA.. JUNE
-THE ELEVENTH INDIANA ZOUAVES, UOLONL! LEWIS WALLACE, OKOSjdINU, ON THE DOUBLE O.UIUK, THE BRIDGE OVER THE POTOMAC.
VIEW OF GRAFTON, VA., ON THE MONONGA1JELA RIVER, HEADQUARTERS OJE GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN. JUNE. 1601
38
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Eft -
ili'l
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Sg
medical chests, camp ntensflfl, two flag?, several
rifles nri'I a iiiiiiiIn.t of uniforms. They occupied
the place 'Ttitil eleven o'clock, spending the timo in
missionary i-flirts by r _.mcing the women (fifty of
whom were found locked in one Loose) thut Federal
imldiere were civilized beings.
"After partaking of dinner they commenced their
return, and reached New Creek at twelvo o'clock at
night, anl wore conveyed back by railroad, reach-
ing camp by daybreak : having ridden upward of
Qftymiloa by rail, marched forty-five on foot, and
fought a battle, all without sleep, and in a little
over twenty-four hours."
Tie oflect of this dashing exploit wns to encour-
age tho Federal Army, who had ko repeatedly been
defeated, inspire the North with new courage,
alarm Johnston by its boldness, and threaten his
line of communication with Richmond and Ma-
•laca.Ts. forcing him to evacuate Harper's Ferry,
anil move up tho valley to near Winch ester.
established at Littlo Bethel, n^nt Biito" norto of
Newport News, whence they were accustomed to
annoy the outposts of tho Federal troops. Accord-
ingly, on the night of Sunday. Juno Uth, General
Butler dispatched from Fortress Monroe the regi-
ment of Now York Zouaves under Colonel Duryee,
and the Albany (N.Y.) regiment, under Colonel
Townsend, while the New York Steuben (Gorman)
Regimes,., ende- Colonel Bendix. and detachments
from tae First Vermont and Third SI assaehu setts
Regiments, were ordered forward from Nowport
News.
Accompanying the division from the fort was a
small detachment of United States Artillery, under
Lieutenant Greblo, with threo pieces of light artil-
lery. Tbr' command of the whole expedition was
given to Brigadier-gene nil Pierce of Miissachu setts.
Colonel Duryeo's Zouaves were sent forward from
Camp Hamilton an hour in advance "of tho other
regiments, in order to reach the rear of tho Con-
A also the Zo oaves, and botn Hastened at double*
raick time to what they rogiirdcd as tlio sceno oi
action. They reached the spot, only to find out
ths cruel and fatal mistake that occurred, whilf
the Confederates, thoroughly alarmed by ths firinji
reared on tho main body intrenched at Eig Bethel
After explanations and a consultation of ollieors
the Federal force hastily resolved to move on Hit
Bethel, of tho strength of which they know nothing,
and the position of which thoy wero ignorant
General Pierce then gavo the order for advance
Littlo Bethel was taken and burned by the tree;*
Big Bethel was reached. Skirmishers wero thrown
out by tho Federal advance, and they wero lirst
made aware of the Confederate position by o heavy
firo of artillery from a masked battery immodi
atsly in their line of march, and which swept
tho road by which they wore proceeding. Cuabli
(o return it edectively with musketry, Mio Federal
forces wero deployed- thu German regiment and
T3£ DAY AFTER " BOMKBT." - THE ELEVENTH INDIANA ZOUAVES, COLONEL LEWIS WALLACE, IN CAMP HcOINKlB, JCNB 12tb, 1861
GRAFTON, W. VA.
3IP beautiful little town is situated on tho
is of iho Monongalicla River. It is uiuoty-
jis uules bolow Wheeling, one hundred and ninety
from Pittsburgh, and two hundred mid soventy-
i miles from Baltimoro. In June, 1801, General
IWjic, while operating in West Virginia, es
cub ished his licadijiiarters ut Grafton.
Our skdtch bob made at tlio time of Lieutenant
l'ompkins'a return there with his gallant Company
B, U. S. Dragoons, after their dashing raid iuto
Fairfax Court House, on Juno 1st, 1861, in tho
face of nftOoQ hundred Confederate troops.
BATTLE OF EIG BETHEL.
The first serious reverse which the national
I forces met ill the campaign of 18fil was on the 10th
I of June, ;:t a point named Bethel Church, about
twelve miles from Fortress Monroe, on
the road from Hampton to Yorktown,
on the James River.
Tho original pnrposa of the expedition was the
I capture oi a considerable body_of Confederates
federates, anil cut oil their retreat, while tho ilu:;-
saehuBetts and Vermont detachments, u'wlo.- Lieu-
tenant-colonel Washburn, advanced ut the same
timo to attack them in front.
The Gorman and Albany regiments, designed to
act as reserves, were toeltect a junction at the inter-
section of tho ro.als leading to Litllo Bethel from
Hampton and Newport Hows, and move to the sup-
port of Colonel Washburn, AR these movements
wore carried out accurately.
In tlio dur'tness, however, and by some strange
fatuity or unexplained blunder, when Colonel
'i'ownsend's command came marching up, they
were mistaken by the German regiment for tho
Confederates, and fired ou with fatal effect, botli by
musketry and artillery.
Overwhelmed with surprise, his men returned a
straggling and ineffectual lire, and fell back to a
defensible position in the full belief that they bad
encountered a column of the Confederates, of the
strength of which thoy could form no estimate
Tho detachment under Lieu tenan f>colonel Wash-
burn, bearing the firing in I heir rear, and naturally
supposing that tho Confederates had got between
them and the reserves, immediately faced about, Oc
the Massach n setts and Vermont Volunteers into a
forest to tho right of the road, and the Zouaves anil
Colonel To wnseiiil's regiment across sumo open fields
into un apple orchard to tlio left of tho road, with
a view to Hank the operations; while Lieutenant
Greblo, with his howitzers, and supported only by
tho ordinary complement of gunners, opened file on
tho battery. Tho (runs wore worked with great
rapidity and elfcet, keeping the Confederates within
their works.
Tho Con fed era to forcos were on the left hank ol
tho Black River, with the stream directly in front.
Thoy had erected earthworks on each side of Hie
road commanding the bridge, as well aa a line of
in trench men ts along tho wooded swamp to their
right. This line was concealed by green boughs.
The Confederate force was about oighteeL hundred
strong, many of them Virginian cavalry, nndci
Colonel JIagnider, and a North Carolina regiment
under Colonel D. H. Hill, supported by a battery oi
twenty pieces of heavy cannon, Bud Vx, Richmond
Howitzer Battalion, commanded UJ -iojor Ran-
dolph. The storm of shot and shell showered npop
the Federal troops from their masked batteries con
tiuued incessant for two hours, and about noon
QO
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN-OUR CIVIL WAR.
9'
(mneiil Pierce ordered a ttiarge, wild instructions eral Pierce and the comnanders of the several were ordered to guard the railroad between Alex
to dash across the morass, flank the works, and rcg'nients, while the soldiers were everywhere ex- andria and Lcesbnrg.
drive the Confederates out at the point of the tolled for their bravery. The Confederate loss They lefttheireiuMmpiiient at Alexandria on the
bayonet. Colonel Duryee's Zouaves' attack was on was trifling, and they counted another to their sue- 17th of Jnne, 1SC1, and proceeded cautious]
the left. Colonel TownsemT
right ; and Colonel R^ndix's Gerrnan
regiment, and Colonels Allen and
Carr, with the First and Second New
York Regiments, were toussail the left
flank and rear. A number of charges
were made, under 11 murderous fire
from the invisible Confederates. But
it wan found that the works were pro-
tected in front by a morass and a
beep stream, and by a ditch which
could only be passed liy aid of ladders.
In several instances the Zouaves, as
well as the German regiment, charged
np to the very edge of the obstruc-
tions, and were gradually, but with
great exposure and uncertainty, mak-
ing their way to the rear of the works,
when the command was given by Gen-
eral Pierce to retire, after Colonel
Uuryce assured him that his ammu-
nition was exhausted, and Colonel
Townsend had fallen back, mistaking
a detachment of his own men for
Confederates,
Among the killed in this cliargo
was Major Theodore Wintbrop, of
how Haven, Uonn., Military Secretary
of General Duller, and previously at-
tached to the Seventh Regiment,
National Guard, State of New York,
who was shot by a Confederate drum-
mer-boy while within thirty yards of
tne battery.
During this time Lieutenant Greble
and his men were entirely exposed,
but never for a moment slackened
their ore. That gallant officer was
struck in the head by a cannon-hall,
and instantly killed. The gunners
having now exhausted their ammu-
nition, and the larger number having
been killed or disabled, they, together
with their guns, were withdrawn, under protection cession of victories - Sumter, Harper's Ferry, Nor- and somo
l part of Colonel Wash!) urn's men, the body of folk, and now the first success in tbe field in the Sth of Ji
PLAN OK THE BATTLE OF BIG BETUEL.
cars and on truoks pushed ahead of a
locomotivo in the direction of Vienna.
McCook and about three huudred ol
his mou had just en-
tered a deep cut, en-
tirely exposed on platform cars, when
the cars wore swept from front to
rear by grape and canistei alio I
fired from a masked battery of tlx
Confederates - a South Carolina regi-
ment, commanded by Colonel Massoy
Grcgg - a detachment of General
Beauregard's army.
The shot wont high, and most of the
soldiers were sitting. The frightened
engineer, instead 1 if drawing the whole
train out of the peril, uncoupled the
engine and one passenger-car, and
fled with alt possible speed toward
Alexandria. The troory leaped from
tho remaining cars, ami rallied in a
grove, maintaining so hold a front,
that tho Confederates retired to Fair-
fax Court IIiiiisc, leaving tin' handful
of Ohio troops, whom they might
have captured with case, to inako
their way leisurely back, carrying
their dead and wounded companions
on litters and in blankets. Tho Union
loss was live killed, six wounded, and
thirteen missing.
GENERAL PATTERSON
Ok the 3d of June General Robert
Patterson ti">k command cf tho
United States Volunteer forces gath-
ered at Ohaiiihcrsljurg, Pa. tin the
4th, the Gencral-in-cliicf instructed
him to add to his army of three-
months* men a battery of artillery
ompanies of regnlar infantry. On the
s a letter of m-truetions was sent him,
■ told that tboro must be no rc-
: drawn battlo would bo a
Lieutenant Greble being carried of! tho field under first battle of the war. Big Pothel. in winch ho t
the guard of Co. E, Soil N, Y. Vols., and amidgt In the National Senate, the confirmation of verse - that a check <
the fire '>f the Confederates. General Butler's nomination us major-general was victory to the Confederates, and therefore to act
The retreat was made with great order and secured just after this battlo by only two votes, circumspectly and attempt nothing without a clear
deliberation, and all the dead and wounded were aud these through the exertions of Senator Baker prospect of success.
brought off the field, except Major Wintbrop and of Oregon,
two Zouaves of Dni'Vet's Ri-'Hiiuiit,
The number of Federal tamps actually engaged ™E FIRST OHIO REGIMENT SURPRISED
in tho affair at Big Bethel was about 3,000. Tho BY A MASKED BATTERY.
Federal loss was sixteen killed, fifty-three wounded, Fotra companies of tho First Ohio Regiment,
and five missing. General Butler was greatly commanded by Colonel MoD. McCook, aceom-
eeusured by the people of the North, as >vas Gen- pauied by Brigadier-general Robert C. Sohouck,
On Friday, tho 13th, ho was informed that, on a
apposition that he would cross tho river into Vir-
ginia tho next Monday or Tuesday.
DSE' ' General McDowell would bo ins t mo tod
o make a demonstration on Manassas Junction,
.here Beauregard was intrenched. In r.beilionce
0 this undo rs landing, Patterson marched u
OAPT. GEO. W. "WILLSON'S CO. (E. 2kd REG7. N. T. VOLS) CARRYING THE HODT OF LIEUTENANT GREBLE
FROM THE FIELD. AT BIG BETHEL AMIDST TIIK FIRE OF "HIE CONFEDERATE FORCES
(^
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIE/t [N OUR CIVIL W Ak.
93
: lagcrstown, reselling there on the 15th, and on
the 10th, a large part of his army moved south of
tho Potomac, on Virginia soil. His design was to
■jirn Johnjton's left, and take Harper's Ferry in
reir, tbas to cat eff .Johnston's retreat and compel
III i H to give buttle ut grout disadvantage. But on
III- l.'.ili. General Johnston, who kept himself well
advnod of Patterson's movements, and bad been
MMding his supplies to ilio rear, suddenly aban-
doned Harper's Ferry, and took a fortified position
tit Winchester, thirty-two miles to the south.
John j ton thus approached Manassas, whither,
largely by rail, he could repair, should Beauregard
roqtiire aid either to resist McDowell or to attack
Washington, or from whence be could quickly
strengthen his own forces in order to resist Patter-
son, or t/z crush him in case the latter should pursue
turn or make any other serious false movement.
The demonstration promised by tho Genorul-in-
cbicf on Manassas Junction by General McDowell
was not made, and on tho lfith, three days after be
liad been told ho was expected to cross the river
into Virginia, bo received a telegram from tho Gen-
crul-in-chicf to scud at once to Washington all tho
regular troops, horse and foot, and tho Rhode
Island Regiment and Battery, and to keep within
the limits of Maryland with his remaining forces
sntil satisfied it was safe to go beyond them.
Tho inquiry of tho General-iu- chief, "Why
iiirsiu- Johnston? Von arc only driving birn to-
ward Manofflufl/" showed plainly tho non-aggressive
policy desired at Washington of Patterson. But
Goneral Scott had become alarmed for the safety of
Washington. This demand, if persisted in for
horse, foot and artillery of Patterson, would deprive
tho latter of tho power to longer remain south of
tho Potomac, and force him to assume a defensive,
though threatening, attitude on the Maryland bank
of that river.
On tho 17th, another telegram was received from
General Seel I demanding the troops " already
twice culled for." This imperative order General
Patterson at once obeyed, and having no alterna-
tive, recalled hia army from Virginia.
On the :20th, General Scott asked for a plan of
operations from General Patterson. On the 21st,
tho plan to abandon tho present line of operations
(tho movement upon Winchester, through Martins-
burg), move all supplies to Frederick, occupy alary-
land Heights with Doubleduys heavy guns and a
brigade of infantry to support him, and with every-
thing else to cross tho river ut Poiut of Rocks and
unite with Colonel Charles P. Stone's forces at
Lecsburg, from which point ho could operate as
circumstances would demand or general orders
require, .vas proposed by Patterson. No reply was
received by him, but on tho 28th General Scott,
under great pressure for active operations, tele-
graphed him that ho supposed he was that day
crossing the river in pursuit of tho enemy. On
that flay General Johnston, at Winchester, had
1. 1,(100 men and 24 gnns, and was inlonchcd. Gen-
end Patterson hud 10,000 men, (1 guns, and tho
latter immovable for want of harness.
On tho 28th, General Patterson informed the
General-in-chief uf the relative forces of each army,
and that ho would not risk an attack without ex-
plicit orders to do so. No order was given. On
the 29th, he received harness for his singlo buttery
of six smoothbore guns, and on tho 30th gave tho
order to cross tho river into Virginia. On the 2d
of July ho crossed, met tho enemy, whipped them,
and moved on anil occupied Martinsbnrg.
At Martinsbnrg, Patterson was greatly crippled
by want of transportation for provision aud grain,
one day's extra supply of which ho could not mam
tain, Hn was in ndvmco of tho contemp a tor:
movemurts of McDowell from Washington upon
the enemy at Manassas. By moving eastward to
Gharlestown, he could avail himsel* ot railroad
transportation from Harper's Ferry, where lie could
establish bis depots. From Chariest own ho could
advance at any moment upon too enemy at Win-
chester, or if the enemy retired to join Beauregard,
he conld cross the mountains, mid almost asqnicklj
reinforce McDowell at Manassas.
The three-months volunteers began to get rest,
less, and were oltanoriug 10 bo sent home by tin
expiration of their term. Many wore mthdlli
snoes, ciothcs wore worn out, provisions wore scarce,
ana a desire for battle did not prevail.
On tlio OtA. of July, ut Martinsbnrg, B council
was noia, at vra.Hi commanders of division-,, bri-
gades, nnd chiefs of staff, were present, Colnnel
Stone advised against an advance, and advocated u
direct movement lo Chariest own. All spoke against
an advance, nud all voted against one. The ton t
day Patterson informed the General-in-chief of tin.-
condition of affairs, and of tho situation in tin
Valley, proposed that lie should go to Cliarlestow:),
establish depots at Harper's Ferry, nud asked tc
bo informed' when the attack would bu uuulo on
Manassas.
On tho 12th ho was instructed to go to Charles-
town, ami was informed that Manassas would he
attacked on Tuesday, tho 10th, In the moantimn
ho bad to await tie arrival of troops under General
Saulord, ton: from Washington to join him. These
camo without transportation and provisions. The;
added to .lis incumbrances, and still further rcn
dcrcd essentia) the establishment of a depot ni
.larpec's Kerry, the reopening of railroad com
m anient ion, and the movement to Chuilestown tt
protect it.
On the 13th Ho was onlorcd by tologram : "ll
not strong enough to beat tho enemy early noxi
wcck, make a demonstration so as to detain him in
tno V alloy, or at Winchester." On that day hi
telegraphed to General Scott that Johnston was ii
position at Winchester to have his strength doublet)
jiist as he could reach him, and asked to be in
structcd. No instructions camo. Ho made tin
required demonstration by moving to Bunker Mill
on the road in Winchester. This ho did on tin
llitli, the day Goneral Scott said he would attack
Manassas. Ho drove in the enemy's pickotf
. ..-.<-' -
--:-
MAJOR TATLOR, OF THK CONFEDERATE AliMY. ES('(ii:TKF> Ha.'R rillionni THE I.'NES. AFTER FITS DELIVERY. UNDER A FLAG UP TRUCE OS
LBTTTEUfl FROM GENERAL BEAUREGARD TO GENERAL SCOTT, AND FROM JEFFERSON DAVIS TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN. JULY Bid IB6L
94
I Hh SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
m, and General Johnston intrenched
nt Winehestcr,and on the lTtli General
FaUcia-ai marched to Charles town.
Oil the 17th General Scott tele-
graphed: "McDowell's first day's work
has driven the enemy beyond Fairfax
Court House; to-morrow, the Junction
will probably ho carried." By this.
General Patterson supposed that he had
fully carried out his own part of the
programme, as Johnston was still at
Winchester, and on the 18th, at half-
past one in the morning, he telegraphed
General Scott the condition of the
enemy's forces and his own, referred
to his letter of the 16tli, and closed Ilia
dispatch with the inquiry: "Shall ]
attack i" He received no answer. All,
"his timo tie expected to bo atlacktd
where he was, and was acting on ttri
lefensivo, nt the sumo time homing
Cicnoral Johnston in check. On the
acta, ho telegraphed General Scot!
thai General Johnston had moved his
troops, thirty-five thousand strong, and
u largo nrtillory force, in u southeast-
erly direction. This dispatch General
Scott received tho same day. In ac-
cordance with instructions, Patterson
occupied Harper's Ferry on tho 21st,
tod helii that place until relieved by
General Banks.
I! EALING TON. OAEEICK'S FORD
AND RICH MOUNTAIN.
Tub troops which had so greatly diB
■-ingnished themselves at Fhilippi were ^^icSSsssRB'
not destined long to re- GEOHGB l". UeCLBLLAK.
main idle at Grafton, for,
ihreo days late , July Ct'i, wo find thorn all - tlw Indiana, and Unrdsall's Cavalry - in the neighbor-
I'irst Virginia, tho Sixth, Seventh mid Ninth In- hood 'if their former scene of victory, ami about to
iiani. Tbo Fourteenth and Sixteenth Ohio, aud mid greatly to their already brilliant record-
Han, ctt's Cleveland Aitillery, togetbor with the General McCiellan, who had, two weeks previous,
Sixth Ohio, the Eighth, Toutu and Thirteenth token command of tho troops at and near Grafton,
05
now controlled an nrallanh force of
about twenty thousand men, and de-
cided upon an immediate advance, in
order to offset any movement likely tft
be made by General It. S. Garnet I, who
had succeeded Portorfield, and was nt
tho time in command of tho Confederate
troops in Northwestern Virginia. Gar
notfs headquarters wore then nt Bov-
-riy, in Randolph County, on tho east
em base of a long ridge parallel to tin
AVloghanics, and known as Laurel Hill.
A dotachment of Federal troops, mi
der General T. A. Morris was seni
toward Beverly; while anothor, iinnoi
Genera! J. D. Cos, entered tho Kami
u'h;i Valley, where it was likely (o ineot
General Henry A. Wise, and could keori
him in check; and a third force, iindei
General Hill, was dispatched toward.
Western Union, in Tucker County, and
eastward of Philippi, to prevent tht
passago of the (.'nn federates liy that way
over tbo Alleghany Mountains. The
main body, consisting of about ten
8|iј^5£^, thousand men, under McClellau's com-
|pSfc* maud, then marched in tho direction
ss^t^ nf Buckliirnuon, which was reached on
N\ the 7th of duly.
Gen oral Morris's foreo eucampod nt
S^-v , l'".\iliiigton, a village at the foot of
Laurel Hill, and in close
proximity to Garni.tt's po-
^" sitiou. Morn's had been ordered to en-
gage Garnet t in a series of feints which
would lead to tho belief that the main
Federal assault might bo expected from
that quarter, thus giving McCIelhm a
chnnco to attack tho rear of Garuott';
forces. These were estimated at fully eltven thon
sand mou, including three thousand tmdiir Oolonal
John Pogrom, at Rich Mountain.
So eager were the troops fur active work-, that
skirmishes were incessantly kept up, and one oi
^^^iMkiM^
SCOOTING PARTY OF THE NINTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS. ROLOHXL MILROY-CALLED "THE TIGERS OF THE BLOOM NINTH."
o6
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CU'IL ll'AA.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
97
these, which took place on the 8th of July, has by
many been dignified by even s higher name. Early
in the afternoon of that day, whili observations
wore going on near Bealington, two large bodies of
Confederate troops were seen emerging from the
woods, and detachments from the Ninth Indiana
and the Fourteenth Ohio at once pushed forward to
meet them. This they soon did, and a lively engage-
ment began benvcen the two parties. This had not
held by the Ninth Indiana, who, bv their daring ever, accidentally discovered through use capture of
and the fierceness of their attacks, had already been a courier whom McClellan. had tent after Rojccrana,
dubbed by the insurgents " Swamp D evils/' and bad and, after a wearisome, and in many respects quite
likowise become known as "The Tigers of the dangerous, march in a heavy rain through tho
Bloody Ninth." mountains, ho found this enemy prepared to meet
General McClellan'a force hao, meanwhile, been him.1' The engagement commenced at once, and
engaged in somo brilliant skirmishes at Buckhan- was made with such impetuosity that,
non, but it was not till July 10th that any largo ""' notwithstanding tho fact of Roseeran*
body of Confederate troops was met with. This hdnj; vrithont cannon, and opposed to tho enemvV
ADVANCE OF GENERAL BOSEORAHSS DIVISION THROUGH THE FORESTS, TO ATTACK THE COKFE
f RICH MOC-VTAIS".
asntmned long, however, before a strong body of
Confederate cavalry appeared on tho scene, and
would doubtless soon have made tho position un-
tenable to tho Federal troops but for the timely
arrival of Harnett's Cleveland Battery.
The latter'a admirable shelling of the woods alone
provonted the further rallying of the opposite force,
and soon compelled its (light. The Fadoral loss in
this engagement was two killed and six wounded,
whilst that of tho Confederates was reported to be
fully twenty killed and twice as many hon dc eomb^'
General Morris's force was afterward advanced close
to the western base of Laurel Hill, 'he woods bein£
i part of the force under Colonel Fcgram, found masked battery, tho fight lasted scarcely an hour,
to he in a strongly intrenched positi'
Mountain, which commanded the road to Stsnn-
ton, the principal highway to Southern Virginia.
MeClellan immediately divided his force, sending
tho Sixteenth Ohio, and the Eighth, Tenth and
Thirteenth Indiana iicginients, as well as Burdsall's
Cavalry, tho whole under command of Colonel W. S.
Koseerant, who was accompanied by Colonel F. W.
Lander, to attack Pegram's position, while ho
himself would advance on the Confederate camp at
Zsinrel ID 11.
Tho r lavement of Colonei fiosecruns was, how-
and resulted in tho total rout of tho Confederates,
who, in that short time, Inst abont four hundred
in killed and wounded, besides theii guns and all
their ammunition, tents and camp equipage.
• TM> ctreulion" n
h Ujongh Ilio drew foraw tit bum! HIE!,
country, n-u guided bj a noodimao aimed
lt"* 1&8 mirth u IdIIdiiii: "Wo •twtcd ■(
npsnlcl by Cololitl Lander, lhronj;li *. pith-
] tL. Ihroncb, ieiQ It "
a plckcu, and if la
HATTLB OF ETCH MOUNTAIN BEVERLY PIKE, VA. arm A DIWIOK OF GENEM
fiENERAl PEI
BATTLE OF RICH MOUNTAIN BEVERLY l'UOi, VA- BKl WJSES A DITCIOK
OF GENERAL McCLELLAN'S COMMAND LLD I)V" UENEHAL UOSJiCJiANS, AND THE CONFEDERATES UNDER
BENERAL PEGRAM TULY 12m. 1861
toe
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Genera! McClellan discovering, meanwhile, that
Garnett had evacuated Laurel Hill, which General
Morris afterward took possession of, occupied Bev-
erly, and advanced his position in front of Pegram's
camp, with the intention of assaulting it the next
moming. It was found, however, that Pegram had
abandoned it during the night, and that he was
then endeavoring to join Gamctt's forces. This
was, however, impossible, as McClellan wag already
at Beverly, and, finding resistance useless, Pegram
offered to surrender to General McClellan, which he
did on Sunday, July 14th.
On learning of Grarnett'a flight, General Lander
miles south of St. George. There the Confed-
erates made a stand, and, with cannon
""' ' planted on an elevation, disputed the
advance ; but Captain Benham's men dashed into
the river, halting under the bluff until their artil-
lery came up, and then attacked the enemy's Hank,
forcing him to disperse.
The pursuit was continued until another ford was
reached, when General Garnett again attemptedto
rally his forces. Colonel James Barrett Steed-
man, of the Fourteenth Ohio, was close upon
them, and bore the brunt of the heavy tiro di-
rectly upon his men by Colonel Taliaferro, of
miles, bivouacked that night at the Ford, ha ring
lost in all not over twelve killed and wounded. It
was expected that General Hill, who was then at
Rowlesburg, on the line of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, would intercept the remnant of
Garnett's army before it eould cross the mountains,
and would capture it at either St. George o;
Western Union, but for some unexplained reason
this was not done. The entire body was allowed to
escape into the Shenandoah Valley, and to join tin.
forces gathered there under General T. J. (" Stone-
wall ") Jackson, at Monterey.
While all thi3 was going on, Gcnc*il Cox had
11IE BATTLE OF RICH MOUNTAIN. VA.- THE UNITED STATES TROOPS UNDER GENERAL HOSBURANS, OP GENERAL Mr;CLELLAN'S COMMAND;
THE CONFEDERATES UNDER GENERAL 1'EURAM- THE THIRTEENTH INDIANA CAPTURE A GUN.
had heen sent with a force of Ohio men after (he
fugitives, with whom he had several skirmishes, in
one of which he had a horse shot under him, and
the result of which was the capture of roan" tj's-
oners, with a loss 01 but two men.
McClellan had likewise dispatched Captain II. W.
Benbam, United States Engineers, with eighteen
hundred men, to the assi stance of General Morris,
who had actively pursued the enemy one or two
miies beyond Leedsville, where they had halted for
the night. CapLiin Bonham effected the desired
junction with General Morris, and the combined
forces continued the pursuit, notwithstanding
(bo raiD, all the following day, finally overtaking
the enemy at a place called Carrick's Ford, eight
the Twenty-third Virginia Regiment. He stood
his ground well until joined by Burnett's Battery
and the Seventh and Ninth Indiana Regiments.
The Seventh Indiana, under Colonel Dumont,
was then ordered to cross the river between the two
fires, and to engage the Confederates in front.
This was promptly done, but by the time the men
bad reached the summit of the opposite bank, the
Confederates had dispersed. Garnett endeavored
to make one more stand, at a ford a quarter of a
mile further on, and, while doing so, was mortally
wounded, his men flying in wild confusion to the
monn tains.
Further pursuit was abandoned. The Federals,
who bad by this time made a forced marsh of twenty
successfully held his own in the Kanawha Valley.
He had captured Barboursville, repulsed Wise's
forces at Scarytown, and forced their retreat to
Charleston, then to Gauley Bridge, and as far as
Lewisburg, the capital of Greenbrier County.
The immediate result of the above brilliant eerie?
of victories under Generals McClellan, Rosecrans,
Morris, and Cox, was the evacuation of Harper's
Ferry and the abandonment by the Confederates
of all of Western Virginia.
On the 24th of July, Colonel Rosecrans was pro-
moted to be a brigadier-general, and was placed in
command of the " Department of the Ohio," just
vacated by General McClellan, who was ordared to
Washington, to take personal command of the
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
TJUJi lHJItlAL
Army of tho Potomac. General Garnott was 6uc-
rceded by General Robert E. Lee, who, on the 20th
of April, resigned his commission in tho United
States Army, and was appointed, by Governor
Letcher, to tho command of nil tho forc"a of tho
Mato of Virginia,
FIRING ON A FLACf OF TRUCE.
Comionoitrc 8nuKGH43I, in n disputed dated July 6lu,
1801, gnvo tbo following account of (be firing upon a flng of
truce off Scwnll's Point : "A small steam or ivus sent with a
4u;, CoinmtiinliT I '"ji.oji in nun nil, for the- purpose of Liking
:;nyadauglite>r of Colonel Si'gur, in co nip I knee with uvUr-jc-
KLL IN THE BATTLE OF iUUIi MOUNTAIN.
tions from the Navy Deportment, notice having been piven
to Brigadicr-grnt nil Benjamin linger. After passing tho
batteries nt Sownli'l Point nnd Bush Point, a shot was Oral
nl tho steamer from Crsney Islitu 1. which pnsscd directly
across ber bow, rind strut.' k within twenty feet. ' Had not
the engine been stopped," soya Commander Cose to hi*
report, 'at tho flush, tint! the boot turned n little to star
board, the shot must, I think, have struck her.' Com-
mander Case then took to his barge, aud hail Dot proceeded
mora than three or four boat's lengths from the sleamcr to-
ward Craney Island, where Uic flags Mere usually communi-
cated, whin n second shot was flrcd ot ths b:trge, which
passed directly over, and struck about thirty yards from
her. Two officers i-auie oil in n bunt, mid to tho question of
Conimnnder Csse, ' Who commanded at Cnmey Island f
they answered: 'Colonel Richardson.' To tho question,
'Whether they ititi. n-l- <1 I" lire upon n flag of trucot'llit
senior officer replied: 'It was tho. result of ignorance Tin
commanding officer gnvo tho word to tire the shot and slop
the steamer.'"
Commodore Stringham'a letter, staling that Commander
Case was ready to receivo Mis? Bcgnr, was forwarded 1<
Qeneml linger, and, {•■•■• iving m niuwer after four hours
waiting, tho Commander relumed. Commodore String-horn
closed his dispulch as follows : ' I can but express very great
surpriso at such ! rent ni' -lit, el n-iil ring the courtesy with
which flags of tntco frmn Norfolk Imve Wen received by me.
1 feel unwilling to hold further communication until a full
explanation Is offered by Brigadier-general Hugcr or ib"
Commanding officer at Norfolk."
THE ■■ ADRIATIC," OF PHILADELPHIA, BEABIKG A FLAM OF TRUCE, FIRED UPON BY THE CONFEDERATE BATTERY
ON CRANEY ISLAND. NEAR NORFOLK. VA.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL IV Art
roj
I'HR BA'i"i'LE OF BULL
OE M.VN'ASSAS.
2UN,
Ths battle of Bull Gun, which the Coniederate3
Balled the battle of Manassas, was the Trat really
important action of the Civil War.
Tho scene laya fewmiles to the nc.-th-
west of Manilla* Junction, about twenty-nine niil=3
south of Washington, on the banks of tho Bull linn,
a small stream which rises in tho range of hills
bearing tho same name, and which runs nearly west
to cast, omptying in tho Occonuan River.
General Irvin McDowell, who, since his appoint-
ment. May 27th, to tho Command of tho newly-
n.-oaicrt "Department of Washington," had heen
steadily organizing the troops which, under Presi-
dent Lincoln's proclamations of April la'.li and May
McDowell had organized bis forces into fixe
division?, as follows :
First Division, embracing four brigades, under
General Daniel Tyler. Tho First Brigade, com-
manded by Colonel Erasmus D. Keyes, included
the First, Second and Third Connecticut, and the
Fourth Maine Regiments, with Captain Varinn's
Now York Buttery, and Company B of tho Second
United States Cavalry. The Second Brigade, com-
manded by Brigadier-general R. C. Sebenek, in-
cluded the Second New York, and tho First nnd
Second Ohio Regiments and a light battcrv. with a
part of Company E, Third United States Artillery.
The Third Brigade, commanded by Colonel Wil-
liam T. Sherman, included the Now York Thir-
teenth. Sixty-ninth and Seventy-ninth, nnd the
Second Wisconsin Rcgimonis. nnd a light battery,
and the Fifth Massachusetts Regiments, Company
E, Second TJnitcu States Cavalry, and a light bsi
tory, with Company I, of tho First United State*
Artillery. Tho Second Brigade, commanded by
Colonel 0. B. Wilcox, included the Eleventh New
Y'ork and the First Michigan Regiments, and d
light battery, with Company D. of tho Second
United States Artillery. The Third Brigade, com
manded by Colonel 0. 0. Howard, included the
Second Vermont and tho Second, Fourth and Fifth
Maine Regiments.
Fourth Division, const 1 luting tho reserve, i.adcr
General Theodore Runyon, included the First,
Second, Thin] and Fourth New Jersey three-months
militia, and tho First, Second and Third New Jersey
throe-years volunteer regiments.
Fifth Division, embracing two brigades, under
ј8S
THE FIHRT MICHIGAN HEfililENT AND THE ELLSWORTH ZOUAVES IN THE ENTRENCHMENTS AT ALEXANDRIA, TA.
3n, kept pouring into tho capital, found himself,
curly in July, with an avuilablo force of about
thirty-live thousand men. Nearly one-third of
these, however, wore then about completing the
three-mouths term for which they had enlisted.
An advance upon tho daily increasing Confede-
rate forces opposing, and threatening the neat of
Kcrnment, had been decided upon by the War
I Department, though, it must justly bo said, con-
; Entry to the hotter judgment of Lieutenant-general
I Seott and General McDowell.
a "On to Richmond" popular cry had long
nded throughout tho North, and, sharing in
the general belief that an advance in forco would
inly prevent the meeting of tho "irst Confede-
rate Congress, to ho held July 20th, but substan-
tially end the war, pressure was exerted to the
ntmost, lest even the Government ho charged with
something more than actual indifference.
Arrnngements for an aggressive movement wero
I ttnallv completed. Julv 15tt
with part of Company E, Third United Slutca
Artillery. The Fourth Brigade, commanded by
Coloutl J. B. Richardson, included the Second
and Third Michigan, the Twelfth Now York, and
the First Massachusetts Regiments.
Second Division, embracing two brigades, under
Colonel David Hunter. The First Brigade, com-
manded by Colonel Andrew Porter, included the
the Eighth and Fourteenth Now York Regiments,
a battalion of regular infantry, a snnudron of the
Second United States Cavalry, and a battery of the
Fifth United States Artillery. The Second Brigade,
commanded by Colonel Ambrose E. Bnrnside, in-
cluded the First and Second Rhode Island, tho
Second New Hampshire and the Seventy-first New
York Regiments', with a battery of the Second Rhode
Island Artillery.
Tfiirt? Division, embracing three brigades, under
Colonel Samuel P. Heintzelman. The First Bri-
gade, commanded by Colonel "W. B. Franklin, in-
cluded the First Minnesota, the Fourth Pennsylvania
Colonel Dixon S. Miles. The First Rrignde, eorr
manded by Colonel Louis Blenkor included thf
Eighth and Twenty-ninth New York, the New York
Garibaldi Guard, and the Twenty-fourth Pennsyl-
vania licgimenta. Tho Second Brigade, commanded
by Colonel Thomas A. Davics, included the Six.
te'enth. Eighteenth. Thirty-first and Thirty-second
New York Regiments, nnd a light battery, with
Company G, of the Second United States Artillery.
All the divisions loft camp or. the afternoon ol
the ICth of July, tho main body advancing earlj
tho following day toward Fairfax Court
House, where it was expected the Con-
federates would make a stand.
General Tyler's division, forming tlio extreme
right wing, took the Leesbwg Road, and occupied
Vienna that evening. Tho central column, under
General Hunter, entered the direct turnpike road
leading to Fairfax Court House. Hcintzelman's
division went out from near Alexandria, along the
Little Elver Turnpike, and MOes's force -jitereo
io4
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIliR IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
105
Fourth Pcnnsyh
buttery having completed their time of service,
returned to Washington on their way homo.
Tho advance took place lit two o'clock Sin
morning, the 2UL Tyler's division, with Ay
uml Carlisle's butteries, moved along tlie X
the old Braddock Itoad, occupying the extreme left
of ilic Federal advance.
Gencnil Patterson's troops, numbering ahont
16,000 men, were opposing at Martinsburg tlic
force o[ General Joseph E. Johnston, who occupied
Winchester. In accordance with instructions, Pat-
terson reached Cliarlestown on Jnly 17th, and re-
mained there, holding in check, but not daring to Ruilwn;
attack, what he supposed to be a much superior
force, well intrenched, and believing tbat Johnston
could not elude him in time to meet McDowell's
attack, promised by General Scott on tho ICth or
17th. This Johnston did, however, on the morn-
ing of the lBth, and, as will be seen later, succeeded
in joining and co-operating effectually with Beaure-
gard's forces at Bull Run, whicli were not attacked
until the 21st.
Upon arriving at Fairfax Court House, abont
noon of the 17th, it was found that tlie enemy had
abandoned the place and retired to CentreVtllr.
General McDowell, with Tyler's division, tbon
marched on to Georgetown, a small village about
two miles further on the Warrenton Tnrnpik
where they encamped for the night, and
from whicli place they inado a. rcco'jnois-
smicc early the following morning, which
resulted in their marching through Ceiitre-
villo, at about nine o'clock. They halted
in a valley close by, where the Confederates
had erected strong earthworks, then held
by a brigade of South Carolina, troops,
under General M. L. Bonlinm.
These, however, retired, at Tyler's ap-
proach, to Mitchell's Ford, in occordunco
wilb previous instructions. These instruc-
tions, wbicb likewise affect oil the Confed-
erate troops then at Fairfax Court House,
us well as at Fairfax Station, bad, strange
as it may appear, been issued by General
Beauregard, as far back as tho 20th of
June. In saying tbis, wc bear full tribute
to what Mr, Roman calls "one of the
most re in linkable instances in military
history, of an order providing fully and
precisely, nearly a month in advance, for
all the exigencies of a strategic movement
remotely contingent upon tho operation*
of an enemy."
Another reconiioissance, with four regi-
ments of Richardson's brigade, Ay res r ^
battery and a squadron of cavalry, was
made toward noon in the direction of
Blackburn's Ford, where General Beaure-
gard llion was, and where General James
Longstrcet had been posted with tlie First,
Eleventh and Seventeenth Virginia Regi-
ineiils and two guns. Most of these Hoops
lay concealed in the woods. The Confed-
erate lino extended soma five miles, and
embraced, besides Longstreel'a troops, tho
brigade of General Bonham, with Colonel
Radford's cavalry and Kemper's and
Sliields's batteries, at Mitchell's Ford, and
si part of Evans's brigade, with four guns
and two companies of cavalry, at the Stone
On Longstrccl's right stood Geueial D. H.
Jones's brigade, with cavalry and artillery, at
McLean's Ford, and E well's brigade was at Iho
Union Mills Ford, with some Virginia cavalry and who should, by about that tii
four guns, supported by Early's brigade, with seven tlieir circuit through the forest
The time was fast approaching when the term of and Bartow's brigades, taken from the recently
enlistment of many of McDowell's troops would arrived portion of the force under Johnston, whoso
expire, and he felt, besides, the necessity for a vig- other brigade, under General T. J. {" Stonewall")
orous and a prospective final attack, wbicb, he Jackson, was given to General Bouhani. Jones had
thought, could be most successfully received" Early's brigade, and that under General
jn-T. um. p^jj^ ont by jsoiutins Beauregard's Holmes, as well as the First Arkansas and tho Sec-
forces through the seizure of the Miuuusoa Gap ond Tennessee, was given a place in Ewell's rear.
trated all his troops about The Island, Bull and Lewis Fords were protected
tniville, and kept up reconnoissance3 all the by ten companies of infantry, two of cavalry and
19th, with the view of renewing the attack the day four guns, and Hampton's Legion was sent to tho
following, but was not then in a position to advance, Lewis House, to aid there in case of need. Tho
by reason of the needed supplies nut reaching him reserves were at Camp Pickens, and Evans's brigado
as expected. still held the Stone Bridge.
McDowell's forces on the evening of Jnly 20th, The fire was opened by Edwards's Fifth Artil-
not counting the 5,000 reserve of New Jersey rcgi- lery, then attached to Carlisle's, under Lieutenaut
monts under General Runjon, stationed back of Haines, and was kept up both directly in front and
Ccntreville, was about 28,000 men, with forty-nine by a brigade which Tyler had sent down toward the
" ford to carry out the original plan.
Colonel Evans, believing that a real attack had
been begun upou his forces, so advised General
Beauregard, and reinforcements were sent forward,
especially with tlie object of engaging the Federal
Mcdowell.
ton left wing at Ccntreville. The possibility of auoh
move had, however, been anticipated by
McDowell, who had ordered Howard's
brigade to bo ready there to assist Miles
nnd Richardson if necessary.
It was not long before Evans became
sati.-lied that the real assault would bo on
his flank, and at half-past eight ho deter-
mined to chango his position. Leaving
only four companies of Sloan's Fourth
South Carolina Regiment at the Slonu
Bridge, wbicb ho had been ordorcd to hold
at all hazards, he took tho rt-maindor of
Sloan's regiment and five companies of
Wheat's Louisiana regiment, iiIbo two guns
from Latham's battery, and, with them,
occupied a position on tho Brontsvillo
Road.
There, Bnrnside's brigado, which bad
been long delayed by the difficult road it
had to encounter, came up at ten o'clock,
led by tho Second Rhode Island, under
Colonel Sl'ciini, which, with tho New
York Severn Hirst, Colonel Martin, tbo
Second New Hampshire, Colonel Maiston,
and Griffin's and Reynolds's artillery, at
mica opened fire.
This was kept up fiercely for over an
liuur, and told severely on tbo smaller Oou-
fi derate force, until tbo latter was rein-
forced by additional guns and by detach-
ments under Generals Bee and Bartow.
This enabled the Confederates the hotter
to maintain tboir position, arid might
have turned tho tide hut for the timely
arrival of Sherman's brigade, led by the
Now York Sixty-ninth, Colonel Corcoran,
us well as of detachments from Porter's
brigade, then coming down the Smiley
Springs ltoad, and of the much delayed
Third Division, under General Hciulzcl-
mun. This additional force soon broke
Turn pi
i open
TJi.i
j to be in position at four o'clock the Confederate lines, compelling them to fall back
the Confederates at the Stouo npon a plateau south of the Stone Bridge.
Bridge, whilst the real attack was to be made by the It was now high noon. The first real engage-
combined forces under Hunter and HeinUtlmun, incut had resulted in favor of the Federals, leaving
have completed them in an excellent position to follow up the
1 and across the vantage gained. No time was to be lost, however,
Cub Run, near Sudley Chnrcb, and been ready to in order to reap, if possible, more an tat mii.il
Avres's battery opened on tho Confederates, and full on the Confederate rear. results before the enemy could ho reinforced
■ ut forward ,,s Miles's division, reinforced by Richardson's nri- Thoposition of Howard's brigade was unchanged.
boiiie oiio-iged gade was to act as a reserve on the extreme left at Bnrnside's brigade, after exhausting its a uin-
" Twelfth Centrcville, the brigade under Keyes remaining to tion, bud been ordered to the rear, but I be brigades
d"tbe Second watcb the road leading to Manassas. McDowell under Keyes and Shermunhad joined
■t them, now felt certain of success, as be believed in his commanded by Hui '
Second Michigan Regiment v
These, however, soon
ntrst, the Third Micbigar
York, First Massachusetts,
cd Stales Cavalry, were sent to I
ippm-t
int of the fact the Confederates hud be
irnl. i
a forced beyond the Ste
and were met by a strong fire from hidden artillery superiority of numbers, boil.,, .c
that Johnston's force, instead of being held back by Bridge, the latter might be crossed by the rema.ndei
infantry which compelled them to fall ba
Reinforced at once by Sherman's brigade, in
front of which stood Corcoran's Kcw York Sixty-
ninth Regiment, they again advanced uu Lung-
street's position, wbicb had, meanwhile, received
tbo assistance of E;irly's brigade.
The lighi continued fiercely till after four o'clock,
when General McDowell ordered a retreat to Cl-u-
ireville, having found, by an extended rcconnois-
sauce, that bis intended movement on the enemy's
left would be impracticable.
The total Confederate loss was reported at sev-
enty; that of tho Federals being cighty-ihreo
killed, wounded and missing.
Patterson at Winchester, had, as we have seen, been of Tyler's division.
allowed to escape, and had already by that lime Tlie plateau could only be successfully corn-
added Bis thousand men to tho Confederate force inauded from where stood the Henry House, and
undor General Beaure-ard, ihen representing 30.SS8 this was the Confederates' strongest position, de-
mon and fifty-five gnus. fended bv thirteen guns admirably distributed, and
By a singular coincidence, Beauregard hud con- supported by the brigades under Evans, Bee and
templated an attack upon ibe Federals at the same Bartow.
time his order for an advance upon the hitler at In a southwesterly direction from tho Henry
Ccntreville, though for a later hour, bearing ihe House was a hill wbicb, in turn, commanded the
same date as tbat of McDowell. plateau. Both Griffith's and R,,ke.ts s ba.tenes.
The Confederate line was much the same as on supported by the New York Eleventh (Ellswonhs
July 18th. Longstrcet had additional support in Fire Zouaves), were ordered totiike (
Barksdale's Mississippi regiment, and in both Bee's Before this was done, however, the ^ona
,nd hold it.
s.whohad
BVTTLE OF BULL RUN, VA" FOUGHT, JULY 21st. 1861. BETWEEN THE FEDERAL ATCirY, COMMANDED BY
p-\ttle of dull uun, va, fought, july 2i.=r. ism. between the federal army. commanded by general Mcdowell, and ttfe confederatf m*my, commanded BY GENERALS HEAURF.GARD and johnsto>
' iuS
advanced boldly, had been confronted
by an Alabama r:gimcnt, which ai tacked
[hem on the flunk, while two companies
of the Black Horse Cavalry dashed upon
ilieir rear, disponing the entire body.
Then Ucintzelman ordered successively
the Fourteenth New York, the First
Minnesota and the First Michigan to
the support of the butteries, but the
forec e'ery time opposed to them was
loo great, anil they also had finally to
retire, leaving behind them the batteries,
the men and horses attached to which
had become disabled at the very first
volley.
" Stonewall " Jackson subsequently at-
tempted at tlir-io different times to take
these batteries away from the field; but
he was every time drivn back by the
Zouaves and by the Thirty-eighth New
York Regiment, who finally bore them
away beyond the enemy's reach.
The Second Maine, Colonc! Jamiestm,
and the Third Connecticut, Colonel
Chalticld, ha', meanwhile, been ordered
to silence a battery of eight- guns, which
was' at Robinson's buildings, and had
been doing considerable damage. Their
efforts were, however, unsuccessful.
They found themselves exposed to a
galling lire ou all sides, and they, like-
wise, iiad to fall back.
While this was going on, Sherman's
brigade, occupying the ceitral position,
had been ordered to charge upon the
Confederate batteries still on the pla-
Leau. It crossed the Wurrenton Turn-
pike, and dashed up the hill in face of
ii terrific fire, el'erimtoly advancing and
retreating iu front uf the masses hurled
against it, until, repulsed for the third time, it fell
back, leaving Colonel James Cameron (brother of
the Secretary of War), of the New York Seventy-
n in Hi, dead upon the flcld, and Colonel Corcoran,
of the Sixty -ninth New York, a prisoner.
It iviis now after three o'clock. The Confederates
had succeeded iu holding their position on the
plateau, and had been meanwhile reinforced,
mainly by the remainder of Johnston's army, under
General Kir by Smith, ne well as by Fisher's North
SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
JAMES CAMIiKuN.
HeinU(
detach mo:
Carolina regiment, and by part of Elzey's brigade,
with Lieutenant Ueckham's buttery from the re-
serves at Camp Pickens.
The slaughter ou both sides had been frightful,
the loss of the Confederates including (J en oral 8 Bee
and Bartow, who were killed while respectively at
the head of the Fourth Alabama and Seventh complete,
Georgia regiments. Generals Beauregard, Jackson Early's brigade
and Hampton had, besides, been wounded, but re- artillery, likow
mained ou the field, determined to
united effort with the entire force at
their command, now swollen to double
its former proportions.
McDowell had then in advanced po-
sitions only thirteen thousand men, no
reinforcements whatever having crossed
Bull Run after noon. Burnsidc's bri-
gade, it is true, stood within call at
a point leading down from Sulloy's
Springs to ti rove ton, having rested since
twelve o'clock, and the brigade under
Schenck remained at the Stotio Bridge.
Neither of them, however, were now
called into requisition.
Beauregard concent rated his forces
upon McDowell's right and rear. The
rear was at once fiercely attacked by
Early's brigade, while upon tbo flanks
dashed the fresh brigade led by Gen-
oral Elzey, with the Tenth, Thirteenth
and Twenty-eighth Virginia, tbo First
Maryland, Second and Eighth South
Carolina, and the Third Tennessee Regi-
ments, Under this resolute and cuin-
uined attack that part of the plateau
which the Federal troops had just occu-
pied was soon abandoned.
The overpowering blow seemed iu-
itautaneous on all sides. The repeated
|S v efforts to rally the troops were fruitless.
Wjf J Ilia short time the entire Federal line
■ seemed to havo broken in disorder, the
force under General Sykes apparently
alone making an effort to withstand the
tide. His eight companies of regular
troops not only held the enemy in ciieck,
but maintained a bold front while cover-
ing the retreat, until, last to leave the
field, they were finally compelled to
yield to the masses against thorn-
man endeavored to make a stand with
ts of United States Cavalry and Arnold's
battery, but to no purpose, A panic had appa-
rency seized tho Federals, who, abandoning every-
thing, were now flying on all sides toward the
nassages leading to Oeiitrcville. Tho route was
/
lake a final, Beckhai
was sent in pursuit with flying
detachments under Stuart and
whilst other forces under Cash, Kershaw,
THE UN'tTEU STATES GENERAL HOSPITAI
FORMERLY THE UNION HOTEL.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
109
Preston and Withers,
Ham[iton'e Legion and
Kemper's battery, fol-
lowed by the Warrenton
Itoad across the Stone
Bridge, which Scbenck
had cleared uwh_v for the
pnasage of troops forward
when the rout began.
The Confederates con-
tinued the pnrsuit until
the last of the Federals
had found rcfugo beyond
the Centreville ridge.*
To protect tlio retreat,
McDowell had ordered a
brigade placed at the Cub
Run, on the Warrenton
Road, as well us detach-
ments under Colonels
Porter and lilenkcr, both
nf whom admirably ful-
filled tho difficult tusk
assigned them.
By nino o'clock that
evening t'io iast of tlio
Federal fugitives had
reached Controville. A
council was then held, at
which it was decided best
to continue the retreat In
the defenses of Washing-
ton, and with Eichardi
brigade acting as a
guard, the army commenced its march home-
.rtl before midnight, reaching Arlington Heights
rly in tho morning.
The Confederate loss was reported to bo 37S
led, 1,480 wounded and 30 missing - total.
JAKES CAMERON.
Sons nt Maylown, Pa., March 1st, 1N0
enteral u priiiling-olni e. imii Milr-i-ijui nl
lie studied law, in the practice ol which lal
i|ii;ililii -., energy iirnl di/uilio.l Ip.irius; h"
popularity.
At tho beginning of the Civil War be '"
1.SS7; that of tho Federals being 481 killed, 1,011 command ot Hie Sevenly-ninth New York Highland Rcgl
wounded and 1,4(10 missing- total, 3,051, besides
27 guns. 3 flags, 4,000 muskets, ammunition, tents,
c. etc.
rc<
tf Manassas by General Beauregard, be
promoted to bo " General " of tho army of tho Con-
federate States, to take rank from July 21st, 1S01.
• Roman, lnht" " Mlllinir Operations ol General Ilea urcgwuV Vol. I..
which wiu MUllil.nt of itn-lf t-i .'ut hIi.ti t.ll [' niemonible. Time and time again did they
tf ttoaueeeoduvW" assault the hills against a murderous lire, spurred on
THE EXPRBSa COMPANIES.
Only those who are in camp can tell the feverish anxiety
of tho troops to hear from their loved ones u( home', from
"Ml Hem
" P. F. StoimLir, E~}., EJiUir.
1 ; z ; *s>J=;Sg8јp8^
% SALUTE OF QUE HUBDBED CUB* FU1KLI IM FBUNT OF THE STATE HOUSE, BICHHOHD, VA., AFTER TttE EATTLE OF BULL 1
THE SOLDIER IN OUK Cll'JL WAR.
MILITARY AUTHORITIES AT WASHINGTON. THE PROVOST MARSHAL EXAMINING PASSES.
whom (■ lew monl!i9 since, (hey had fondly Imped only the Admits una niin-t K\\\ti>.--Ђ 1-i.iru- limi-a-linM word-, Bay. im.ir C'.ipe Hvtiry, pirkr.-d up n n-fiiLT'.^ frnm Norfolk
deain could tear tbem away. Alas I duty, it priiieiplc as both to the donor and receiver of good things sent to the named Lynch, who represented Mint (bo muter plumber "I
Inexorulilc as death to the honorable niimi, stepped in, and absent soldier. the Norfflli Novy Yard wus OJthore, nud wished to ba takia
demanded the sacrifice ol separation from those man holds bo m oft. An aimed boat, which was sent for thy purpose, was
dear- a separation which might be only for a reason, but, TEE " QUAKER CITY." g^j Up0n wncn nc,lr ,|10 B|i0re_ mortally wounding Jnmo
ahis i mlj.' ajo be for ail time. We need scared; describe The Quaker City, Commander Garr, one of the United Lloyd, a seaman of Cliarlestown, Mass. A few thirty- two
•: Bcene wL. . bo thoroughly eiplaina itself The uuinc of States flotilla of the Potomac, while cmfsing in Lynn Haven pound shells dispersed the C on fede rates
I'UE ADAMS E'STRKSS i.u.MI'AJN 1 S OFFICE BECELVJuNQ SOLDIERS' LETTERS AND PACKAGES FROM HOME
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE "QUAKER CITY
AM ENGINE OF DESTRUCTION.
watertight, aclinu" us Inmys, inimnl"! liy twrntyfivc falliuiua
of thrcc-nnd-a-biilf-iucli rope, buoyed with largo squares of
e designed !o blow up the Parnnu and other cork, every two feel secured to casta by Iron handles. A
-ili of tlir-l'nlniiiiir flotilla was set ndrifl near Aquia Creek, heavy lmnih of boik-r-irmi, filled u it li n l>mss* (up, mid rilled
.rji.H picked up while li" itirm" (riWiird the I'.iumef. It wus with powdiT. ivri.ii suspended (" thi1 casks si\ feet under
Otllntad ul two huge eight] -gallon oltcadu, perfectly water, On top of the conk wus u wooUen bus, with i use in a
In the centre of the cork wns n plntfoi in
!h of fuse coiled away, occupying the
It was Intended by the contrivers of
tes lluii the shock of a. collision should
Me the Charge, and blow up any cnifl
NED lu DESTROY I lit; UNITED STATES FLOTILLA IN TOE PQTOA1AU
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR-
if \wјm
THE SOLDi^R IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
ri3
BATTLE OF WILSON'S CHEEK
(OAK HILL).
The battle of Wilson's Crock- or,
as tlic Confederates called it, the buttle
of Oak Hill- was, next lo that if Bull
Run, the most important engagement
of the year. It took place
August lOtli, at a [mint
on Wilson's Creek, distant ubotit nine
miles south of Springfield, Ma
General Nathaniel Lyon, who had
already achieved signal victories over
the confederate forces which were
under Colonel J. S. Marmaduke, at
Bonneville, June ISth, and under Gen-
eral 0. J. Itiins, at Dug Springs, Au-
gust yd, had been stationed at Spring-
field since the Oth of August. The
.al ,
lands
ndcr
then iu charge of General T. W. Swee-
ney, Colonel Franz Sigel and Major
S. D. Sturgis, all of lvhom h"d already
figured in engagements that had prac-
tically helped to narrow down the
OonfeJorate hold in Southern Mis-
Lyou'a position at Springfield was
one of imminent peril, since he had
but fi,200 men all told, and ic-inforcc-
ments could not ho spared him by
General Fremont from St. Louis, whilst
the threatening Confederate force, just
united at and near Wilson's Creek,
under Generals Ben McCuIlnch, Sterling Pi
Gabriel James Bains, was actnully four time
than Ins own. Nothing but a buld forwurd nu
ment could help him stay the possible advance of
the enemy and maintain his position.
With this view he marched, on the Oth of August,
at the head of his small army to Wilson's Creek, men
and at about dawn the following day was in a posi- tier
tion to engage both iho front and the right wing of f;iei
the Confederate forces.
His own column, which was to attack the front,
had heeu divided into three brigades. One brigade,
commanded by Major Sturgis, embraced a battalion
of regular infantry under Captain Plummer, a bat-
talion of Missouri volunteers un lor Major Osier-
bans, a company of mounted Kansas volunteer!
Captain Wood, a company of regular cavalry Confederates, waving the Federal (lag, '
under Lieutenant Canfield, und Captain Totton's intontion to capture some of (ho guns.
light battery of six pieces. Another brigade, com- owing alsi
niauded by Lieutenant-colonel An-
drews, embraced the First Missouri
Volunteers, Captain Steele's battalion
of regulars, and Lieutenant Du Bois's
battery of four pieces. The third bri-
gade, commauded by Col. DoiUlcr,
included the First Iowa, the First and
Second Kansas Volunteers and two
hundred mounted Missouri Home
Guards.
Sigel's column, intended for the
attack on tiro Confederate rear, em-
braced the Third and Fifth Missouri
Volunteer Regiments, a company of
recruits, with a battery of sis guns,
under Lieutenant Lothrop, oue com
puny of dragoons under Lieutenant
Farrand, and a company of cavalry
under Captain Carr.
General Sweeney, who had nlniio
slioaglv opposed the advance, was not
in the engagement,
Lyon had expected to surprise the
enemy, but found him prepared, as an
attack on the Federal forces was then
about being planned, to be made wiih-
in the next twenty-four boms.
The fire was opened ou the Conhd-
ciates at five o'clock on tlio morning
.if the 10th. The batteries under Cap-
tain Tolten and Lien-
thai Captain Plummer's troops were
caved from being crushed by au over-
whelming force of over two thousand
Confederates, w hie h unexpectedly
opeued on him "'bile at the bend of
the stream, and sought ineffectually to
turn the Federal left flank.
Cidouel Sigel had, in the meantime,
engaged the Confederate rear, with the
1,200 men and six guns under his
command, and had so well directed
them as to successively com]>cl the re-
tirement of Cohuul Clin. chill's regi-
ment, and bodies of Missourians and
Texas Rangers under Colonel Brown,
the tiro from his guns finally driving
tlicm into the woods.
Sigel then continued his way along
the Fayetteville Road as far as Sharp's
Farm. By the limo be had reached it,
Hi it tire from Lyon's heavy guns was
being heard only at intervals, leading
him lo suppose that a victory bud
idivady beeu won at the front. Ho
i hen, the moro actively, set about for
:m immediate demonstration, and hud
already planted bis battery, when bo
was informed that a strong body of
Federals was approaching.
Preparations for au advance at onco,
therefore, came to a standstill. When,
however, the advancing column, which
in dress presented much the sume ap-
pearance as Sigel's men, had reached
within gunshot, Confederate flags were substituted
for the United States standards, and a murderous
fire from two hidden batteries opened on the Fed-
end-. The result to them proved fatal.
The Confederates dashed forward, kiBed tho
artdlerv-borses. aud turning the Fedend flank, soon
complied Sigil's men to fly in tho greatest dis-
order. Or bis 1,200 men aud six gnus, Sigel look
away about 300 men and hut one gun, which hitter
Captain Flagg had compelled some Confederate
prisoners to draw from the Held.
Under General Lyon, Un Bois's battery still held
ishment inflicted upon them, the enemy in check, but on the left of Totten's
however proved to he by the combined efforts of battery the Federals had by this timo commenced
Totten's and Du Bois's men, who, during the en- to y,eld to the ever-renewing lines. Seeing this,
icd closely by a body of General Lyon transferred Steele's force fi -
~ is to Totten's battery,
t iroops. His entire
to the excellent lire from the batteries nearly
id part of Totten's battery, in charge of
larger tenant Sukalski, the remainder of the buttery
The
which
Kiiiifiu
hills,
First
ithcr
cniy was soon driven beyond th
:re immediately occupied by tin
^irst Iowa and the Fir.-t Missour
Totten's cnunnn being advanced lo
on, while Du Bois's guns stood in the re;i
a niuskcd battery of the Confederates. Ill
Federals pushed on, the First Missouri engiigin
the enemy's right, ami," with the aid of Totten
guns, doing them great damage.
gemeut, had beeu approuc
tonal
Du 11 ii
ported by strong reserves, did splendid
work, following the main column until
met by bodies of Missouri Guards un-
der Generals J. B. Clark, J. H. Mac-
Bride, W. Y. Slack and M. M. Parsons,
which were soon engaged by the in-
fantry, the mounted Horse Guards
BEN JlcCULLOCli.
d went forward to rally
0 was engaged, aud for
hour the light was terrific, neither sido
yielding. Lyon appeared everywhere,
encouraging the men. who had becomo
well nigh demoralized at the repeated
attacks made by the enemy in every
direction. His horse was killed under
him, and he was wounded, being shot
through the leg and afterward iu tho
head ; but, assisted to another horse,
he onco more tame forward, this time
leading a bayonet-charge at the heud
of Kansas and Iowa regiments, which
had just lost their officers.
While in the act, however, bo woa
fatally wounded in tlio side, aud had
to be taken from the field. It was
now about nine o'clock. Although op-
po"d four entire hours to much su-
perior numbers, the Federals had suc-
ceeded in maintaining their ground,
end had then compelled the enemy to
bill back onco more.
Tho command at tho front now
devolved upon Major Sturgis, who, not
knowing whether Sigel had carried out
his part of the undertaking, remained
in diuibt as to what had best be done.
While in this suspo so, the Federal
troops were, for the third time, de-
ceived by the approach of a Confed-
erate foicc under tho Union flag, and,
although naturally suffering again
greatly from tho unexpected attack
i hat followed, stood their position
manfully till the artillery, well sup-
ported by a detachment under Cap-
tain Gordon Granger, of General
Lyon's staff, compelled the enemy to
again leave the field. The lull was how-
ever, but temporary. Iteinforcementfl
BA'ITLE OF WILSONS CREEK, OR OAK HILL, NEAR SPRINGFIELD, MO., AUGUS
COINrEDOiATES UNDER GJSNEI
"lip* <"• r
BATTLE OF WILSONS CREEK, OR OAK BILL, NEAR SPRINGFIELD. MO., AUGUST 10, ISOL-DKITED STATES TROOPS UNDER GENERAL LYON AND GENERAL SIGEL;
CONr'EDJRATES UNDER GENERAL SItCULLOCH AND GENERAL PRICE.
ix6
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
filled op the Confederate ranks, which again
poured a poo the Federal lines till further resist-
ance aeemed iinpoaaible. They yielded forcibly,
find in turn had lo full back. After six hours of
unavailing slaughter, Stnrgia gave ordeis to retreat.
The army was joined by the remnant of Sigd's
dctuch merit, while on the way back to Spring-
field, which latter place was reached at about live
o'clock thut afternoon, the enemy having suffered
too much to interfere with the Federal retreat.
The Federal loss was 223 killed, 721 wounded,
mill 203 missing, a total of 1,230 ; Lhai of the Con-
federals win ivportpd to be 2(15 killed, 800 wounded
and 30 missing, aliliongli General McCnllnnli hud
while stationed al Seguin.Tex,, during the month of Febru-
ary, 1801, made the famous raid on Uib Federal position a;
Suu Antonio, which resulted in the surrender of Major-gen-
eral David E. Twiggs, who offered no resistance to the attack,
notwithstanding liia high rank in the United Stales Army.
By the lerms of ilie surrender McCull cb Was lo receive
ubout 3.500 men, and nil the forts, arsenals nod posts within
the limits ol Twiggs's command, os well he arms, slorosand
ammunition valued at fully a million and a half of dollar*
Twiggs wns immediately ' dismissed from tbe amy of the
United Slates for treachery lo tbe flag of his country."
MeCullocli wm soon made a brigadier general in the Confcd-
erilc Army, anil in llie follnwingJune, crossed the Arkansas
border at tbe head ofalwut eight hundred men, on their way
m Springfield, Mo., near which place, on tlio Ulli of July,
lb- y, as well as General Price's detachment, eirccied n
junction with tlie forces under General Claiborne F. Jack.
161b, IMS ; Governor of Missouri, IS53-7; *ns made Major-
general of the Missouri State forces by Dover, nr Claiborne
F. Jacksoo, who, with General Price, went afterward on the
Confederate side.
Oa June 13th. 1801, tbe forces under Price and Jo felon
were defeated by General Lynn at Bonneville, lie recruited
a large army, and with Genera] McCulloch, joined the i oca
Hurler General Jnckaou near Spring II eld, July Mill, 1601, anil
in turn, defeated General Lyon nl Wilson's Creek, August
10th, 1801. Re was likewise succes ful at Lexington, Sep.
lumber SOlli, 1801, cro I uringihu place with its entire force of
about 13,200 men. a large quantity of war maicrial. and
$01)0,000 in money, after an eight days siege. For this lie
received tlie I hanks of Ilie Cm federate t'uiigress, leading Ion
Major-general's commission. He abandoned Lexington, Sep-
tember SOU), 1801, and retreated toward Ark ail SiS. Joined
anew by Ben McCulloch, bo was defeated at Sugar Creek,
£e%z_
DEATH OF GENERAL NATHANIEL LYON AT THE BATTLE OF WILSON'S CREEK, SPRINGFIELD, MO., AUGUST lfrru, 1801.
said that tiic Confederate losses much exceeded
those on llic Fodci'ul side, and General Price, in
his report nf August 12th, IS01, states that he lost
nearly nnc-hTUi of bis entire force.
HEN McCULLOOH.
Bous iu Rutherford County, Ten n.. in 1814 ; received but
little schooling, lii' early dm • being prated in hunting ; pro-
ceeded to Tex'Li with tbe view of joining the expedition of
Davy Crockett, reocldng there, however, after the laltcr's
ilentli ; served as a private at the initio of 8"u Jnclolo in
1830 i unleied Da- Mi xh in war at tbo bend o( i body of
Tex"s Runners, on.l (trail ) ■ ju.-i.. d lumsolf al tbo
bailies o1 M ell) , It. > ■■ Vi-i .. aud at Ibe Capture of Ibe
Ciiy nf Mexico . "us appointed n I'mitd Slates marshal in
1653. and made Commissioner to Utah iu 186 7. On the out-
break of tbe Civil War be espoused the Southern cause. He,
son, ex-Governor of Missouri. July 18th, 1S6I, McCulloch
was defeated by General Lynn at the battle of Dug Springs,
and, Angus! 10th, lie look part iu llic battle of Wilson's
Creek, which elided in the repulse of the Federal troops.
February HOlll, 1S02, he joined Uie forces of General Sterling
Price, which were defeated at Suga: Creak ; and March Till,
1802, was fatally wounded, while gallantly leading bis
division, at Hid bntile of Elkhoro. called by tbu Federals
ibe batiluof Pm Ridge.
STERLING PRICE.
Rons in Prince Edward Counly, Va., September, 1800 ;
served iu tbo Missouri Legislature; member of Con-ress.
1815-7 ; entered ibe Mexican War as colonel of cavalry vol-
unteers ; commanded, and was wounded, at the battle of
Canada, N. M.. January S4tb, 1847; appointed brigadier-
general, July 301b, 1847, and made mililary governor of
Chihuahua ; won the battle of Santa Cms lie Rosalcs, March
February 2ljlh, 1802. On March Till, 18112, ho tonka prom-
inent though unsuccessful part in the h.nUe of Elk Horn,
called by :ho Federals the bnlllo of Pea Rblge ; nud was
again defeated al luka. September 19ih. 1802, and at Co-
rinth, October 5th, IH0J. While iu command of the De-
partment of Arkansas. 1303-4, be founded and commanded
the secret organisation of "the Knights of the Golden
Circle," ami advanced with 20,000 men, in September, 1804.
on Pilot Knob, Mn., but was forced lack by General Hose-
crans. Ibcn commander of tbe Department of Missouri.
On October 7lli, 1S64, he appeared wiih n large body of
men opposite jefferson City, but, by the begioning of tbo
following month, had been compelled to retreat again into
Arkansas by tbe forces under Generals Curtis and Plitimn-
lou. When peace wns declared, lie obtained from Mini-
mi Mao n grant of land in Mexico, upon which he established
n colony .if cx-Coufeilerole officers. This colony, at Icheoi.
was a failure. la 1867 be returned to Missouri, nod died
in great poverty al St- Loui*, September 27tli, 1807.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
SATHANIEL LYON.
Boasnt Aahford, Windham Coontj, Conn..
July Lfth, 1810 ; after graduating nt West
Point, unterod the army Id July. 1841, m sec-
na ' BbbMMqI of infantry , mode iiru Ilea
■■' -rmt in 1847 ; took part In a cooit India
campaign in Florida, and vu sect out to Mex-
ico at the criminal cement of the war: Qgnrt.il
in many Important tittles ; was wounded at
tha Bclca Gate, and afterward mode brovet
captain far gnllanlry; wua appointed captain
in 1851 ; naval In Kansas, and remained on
active frontier duty until, in April. 1681, he
wax placed in charge of the important TJnilei.'
Slates Arsenal at St, Loub, then garrisoDOi
by about 000 Hailed States troops, and after-
ward appointed commandant of the post, In
place of Major W.n. Bell, who had joined tha
Southern Confederacy. By the prompt ercc-
llor. of suitable earthworks, ami through con-
stant vigilance, succeeded iu protecting ihu
Arsenal from seizure; and, April 20th, with
the aid of Colonel Frank P. Blair, removed
during tho night, tlrst by steam bout to Alton,
and thence by railway to Springlleld, III.,
21,000 stand of arms. 3 cannon, und 110,000
rounds of nm munition.
In Slay. 1881, under President Lincoln's
order of April 30th, he enrolled a Inrga niiral>cr
of volunteers, t-ivini.' th-m li'-;ii|clliiig iW prompt surrender with a large
gnantftj of small arms, cannon and ammu-
nition, that had been Liken from the Baton
Hougo Arsenal. May 17th was made a bri-
gndicr-gcntruL May SOlh sta > < nled General
W. S. Itarncy, who was relieved of his com-
mand of the Department of the West, now
called tho Deportment of Missouri.
June 11th, refused to comply with tho de-
mand of Governor Jackson of Missouri for
the dlsbinilment of all Home Guards. Juno
.2th secured Cairo (.gainst Genera] pillow's intended ut-
'ack, by fortifying Bird's Point, on tho opposite sldo of
the Mississippi Itiver, With tho aid of Captain Henry W.
JJeohnin, United Slates Engineers, and Colonel Nicholas
SchuiiQcr. Also dispatched the Second Missouri Regiment,
under Colonel Fran/. Sigel, for the protection of the Pacific
ltuilway. Juno 13th, left St. Louis by steamboat Willi some
3 000 men, under Colonels Blair and Boernsloln and Captain
Lathrop, also Captain Janus Toum's buttery, and reached
Jefferson City two chiys later, [>ri paralory to his anccissful
ittack. Juno 18th. on tha Confederates at Ilooneville, under
Solouel J, 8. Marmaduko.
NATHANIEL LYON.
August 2d, was \-ictoriini* at Duir Spring against the Con-
federate forces under General G. J. Bains. August 10th,
forced a battle nt Wilson's Creek with the Confederate nrmy,
four times larger than bis own. In this engagement, cer-
tainly onu of the most desperate of the entire civil war, he
was three times wounded, llio last shot cutting open tho hack
of his head to the skull, covering him wilh blood. In litis
condition ho was B-^Lstnl [ounuther burse, and, riding between
tho Kansas and Iowa regiments, ho led them to t!io ehargo,
and received a fatal shot from a MiniG ball through the
heart. He fell in the amis of his servant, saying: " Lehman,
I am killed j take caro uf my body I" During tha retreat
"7
■'.iicn cniet*l Um eventful Jay, General
Lyon's body was left on tho field, wbenc*
ihu Confederate gonenJ &aimg Price sent it
:a his owa cotrreyanee to BprlngOeid. When
he Federal troops under Oolond BIgel re-
rested to Rolla, early the next sajrnmg, the
tody was again left behind, at Springfield
l! was. however, carefully prepared for burial
iy members of tho still of the Confederate
^enerul J. B. Clark, and deHvered U> Mrs. J. B.
ttielps, who bad it properly Interred. It whs
shortly after taken up and pent to Its final
resting-place, at Eo=t Hartford. Conn., reeeivln6
great ruiliniry honors there, as well as In idl
the cities through which it passed. Tho cere-
monies nt his funeral were participated In by
over 20.000 people By will ho had left al-
most his entire [iroperty. upward of $3l),0On,
to ihe Government, to nld in preserving thn
Union. Congr??3 ordered, by resolution, tlial
a recognition of his " eminent and uatriollr
services" be entered upon Its records.
EVACUATION OF HAMPTON, VA.
The village of Hampton, situated on
the left bank: of tho James River, about
two miles from its entrance into Chesa-
peake Bay, is n very old town, of much
historic interest, having been settled na
early as 1705. It derives its princ'pul
importance from its proximity to Fort
rcsa Monroe and Old Point Comfort.
It contains several churches, n large
number of stores and many fine private
dwellings.
On tho 27th of July, 1801, it was
deemed necessary by Major -general
Butler to evacuate tho village, do-
atroy some of tha most prominent
buildings, nnd retiro the forces there
within tho Federal lines. It was re-
ported tliat tho Confederates were ad-
vancing in force, and prudence domunded the con-
centration of Butler's forces round hia entrenched
position at Newport Mows, Odd-fclllows' Hall,
the Jail, and several other buildings, were- unavoid-
ably destroyed, and also a portion o£ Hampton
Bridge. On August 7th, General Mngruder, with
a force- of seven thousand Confederates, advanced
upon Hampton, destroying by firo nil but five
of its five hundred houses, with its picturesque
Episcopal church, one of tho oldeaC in the State.
iSVACUATION OF THE VILLAGE OF HAMPTON, VA.. ON THE JAMES RIVER. BY THE FEDERAL TROOPS JKDER BSNEBAL BDTLEi
IN ANTICIPATION OF THE ADVANCE OF THF CONFEDERATES 1^" FOBCE.
nS
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIl'IL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
ng
OPERATIONS i^ONG THE COAST
OF NOKTH CAROLINA.
In the early part of August, 1861, Commodore
Silas H. Stringbam, United States Nayy, then com-
manding at Hampton Roada, was informed that
supplica for the Confederate troops
were being continually carried through
Hutlcras Inlet, the entrance to Pamlico Sound, on
of the frigale Minnesota, flagship. CaptaiD C. A. once mode preparations lor an advance early the
Van Brnnt; the frigale Wabeuh. Captain Samuel following morning.
Mercer ; the gunboats Monticello, Commander John At five o'clock, a.m., on Wednesday, the 88th, the
P. Gillis ; the Patonee, Commander S. C. Rowan ; troops were being landed on the beach, two and a
and the Harriet Lane, Captain John Faunce ; the half miles north of the forts, undercover of the
a team transports George Peabady, Lieutenant R. B. guna from the Monticello, Pawnee and Harriet
Lowery, and Adelaide, Commandor H. S. Stell- Lane, and later on the forts were attacked from
wagen ; and the tng fanny, Lieutenant Pierce the front by the Wabash and tho Cumberland,
Crosby. which latter had juat joined the sqiiudrou. These
the coast of North Carolina, and that the Inlet
was defended by Forta Clark and Hattcras, both iu
command of Major W. S. G. Andrews.
It was at once decided to fit up a joint military
and naval expedition to capture the forta, and, on
the 26th of Augnat, it left Hampton Rand*. The
squadron was under the command of Commodore
Stringham, and the military force in charge of
General IS. F. Butler, who hud been succeeded at
Fortress Monroe by Major-general John E. Wool,
who had volunteered to lead the troope.
This squadron, the first sent out, was composed
The troops on board the transports consisted of
320 men from the Ninth New York Regiment,
Colonel Rnah C. Hawkins ; 500 men from the Twen-
tieth New York Regiment. Colonel Mai Weber;
100 men of the Union Coast Guard, Captain Nixon ;
and 60 men from the Second United States Artil-
lery, under Lieutenant Larncd.
The sailing frigate Cumberland, Captain John
Marston, and the ateam frigate Susquehanna, Cap-
tain J. Chauncey, had been ordered to follow the
squadron. The expedition arrived oil of Hatteras
Inlet about five o'clock the next afternoon, and at
were soon followed by the flagship Minnesota and
the Susquehanna.
The tire was kept up incessantly until about nine
o'clock, when it ceased on both sides, the flags of
tho forts having been hauled down, and the gurri
son of Fort Clark having evacuated it. The latter
was at once occupied by the Coast Guard and men
under Colonel Weber, and the Monticello, steamed
toward the Inlet, it being supposed that Fort Hat-
teras, which occupied the point, had likewise been
abandoned. But she had only advanced to within
six hundred yards of the fort, followed closely by
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
X
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
the Harriet Line, when the heavy
guns opened such a scathing lire on
her :is to endanger her safety.
Though considerably damaged, she
escaped, making room tor the Mitt-
ncolir, the I'atoaee, and the Suique-
ha>i mi, which engaged the fort until
(lark, whon the Harriet Lane find
tins Pawnee wore left alone (or the
night in the immediate front.
Early the following morning the
Susguehanna opened fire, and was
followed liy ihu Minnesota, the \Ya-
bash, the Harriet Lane
and the Cumberland.
Fort Hnttcras had been ably de-
fended the previous day by Colonel
William F. Martin, whom night
found completely prostrated by fa-
tigue, and who had, in consequence,
(o give way to Flag- fficcr Samuel
Huron, then in command of the few
Confederate vessels lying in Pamlico Sound. - Bur-
ron, who was then Assistant Secretary of the Con-
federate Navy, had come up duriug the night with
reinforcements, in company with Major Andrews,
who was absent in the interior at the commence-
ment of the engagement.
Heavy guns had been mounted in the directum of
Fort Chirk, which the- Federals had occupied the
day previous : b it no damage was done by their
lire, as Colonel Weber had judiciously vacated it,
tuiil employed his men during the night in the
erection of a buttery of three guns. These, iu
charge of Liouteuant Johnson, of the Coast Guard,
did signal service uU that morning iu beating off
Confederate vessels conveying troops to the relief of
Fort llattoras.
The Tiro from the squadron continued almost in-
cessantly, scarcely stopping even to bo caught again
by Huron's tricky lowering of his (tag and apparent
submission, until, at about half-past ten o'clock, a
white Hag wis displayed above the fort, and an offer
made to surrender with all the honors of war. This
was refused by Commodore Stringliom uud General
Ilu tier, and, shortly after, the capitulation was signed
on board the Minnesota, giving to the Federals 71!i
prisoners, l.oou stand of arms, 31 cannon, a stand of
colors, n large quantity of ammunition, and several
vessels laden with stores, cotton uud other met-
While the capitulation was being signed, ihe
Harriet Lain; Adelaide and Fanny had entered the
inlet, the two first grounding near the fort while
attempting to cross the bar. The Con fi derates
had thus within their grasp the three vessels and
the troops they carried ; but tho surrender having
been accepted, they were not molested, and the two
grounded vessels were soon hauled olf.
The Confederates lost 49 killed and about as
niauv wounded. Their officers, Major W. S. G.
Andrews, Flag Officer Samuel Barron, and Colonel
William F. Martin, Seventh Light Infantry, North
Carolina Volunteers, were sent to Fort Hamilton, iu
New York Harbor, and afterward exchanged.
Upon hearing of the victory, Secretary Welles
issued an order thanking Comniinloro Stringham
and his men " for the brilliant achievement accom-
plished without the loss of a man on the Union
HATTERAS ISLAND AND CHICASIACOJIICO. N. 0.
side." General Wool likewise congratulated the
troops.
Especial mention should here be made of the fact
that upon the abandonment of Fort Clark by tho
Confederates, an itctim. aide-de-camp of General
Butler, MY. Fiske, swam from one of the vessels to
'the
121
ITawkins, and General Butler at
once proceeded to Washington in
order to lay before General Scott
aud tho Secretary of War his reasons
for holding tho forts, instead of de-
stroying them, :is he had been or-
dered to do. Llis views were carried
out, and he was commissioned to pro-
coed to New England and to rai;o a
largo force, which, as we shall see
later on, was destined to make a
brilliaut record in many Southern
localities,
Tho troops at Hat turns lulot wore
reinforced lute in September bv tho
Twotitieth Indiana Regiment, under
Colonel Brown, in order to complete
operations along the coast.
An important entrance to Pamlico
Sound was still open, south of Fort
Hatterus. It was called Ocracoho
lulot, and w.is deluded by a fort
ama name and by anothor called Fort
tlio shore, through a very heavy sea, carrying orders
to Colonel Weber, ami afterward entered the fort,
collecting therein many valuable books and papers.
Of these ho made a package, which he strapped
to his shoulders, and with which he swum back to
the vessel, delivering it to General Butler, who
found the documents to ho of very great service.
The forts commanding the Inlet remained in
charge of detachments under Colouels Weber and
bearing
Morgan.
On tho Itith of Soptcmbor. Commander S. C.
Rowan sent an expedition to capture
iiroina, . tni,]M It was under the command of
Lientonant James V. Maxwell, who starterd iu the
tug Fanny, having on board sixty seven of tho
Naval Brigade, under? Lieutenants H .we and Til-
lottson. The Fnnn'j had in tow a launch belonging
to the gunboat Pawnee, cunying tho latter's
howitzer uud twenty-eight of her men, iu charge
of Lieutenant Eastman.
The frigate Snxjiiehannn and the Tomjmt hat I
joined the expedition, but finding their draft of
water t"0 great, wore compelled to return to their
former anchorage.
Ocracokc Inlet was reached by the Funny at
eleven o'clock in the morning, and a detachment
was immediately landed, expecting to draw an
attack from the forls. Their progress met with no
opposition, however, and on reaching the forts they
found them to have been deserted and partly
burned. As it was not inteuded to occupy the
Inlet, orders wcro given to complete the work of
destruction as thoroughly us possible. Not only
were the guns broken in pieces, and much of tho
masonry aud other work laid low, but the torch
was everywhere applied, and iu a short time it
was in ashes.
The expedition having completed its purpose,
returned to Fort li ittcnis early on tho IStli.
There remained still two other entrances north of
C.ipc Ilatieras, ealled Loggoihead (New) Inlet and
Oivgon Inlut, tho last being in chiso promixity to
Roanoke Island, which the Confederates were said
to be then fortifying.
In order to make a reconnois3ance of tho island
south of Loggerhead Inlet, Colonel Hawkins
ordered Col >nol Brown and his regimont to proceed
in that directi- m, and on tho 20th of September
they sailed by the steamers Cerei and Putnam with
the intention of landing at u small place between
Chicamiicom-co and Kcneekut. Tho shallowness of
tlio water necessitated the landing of the men by
small bouts. They encamped, awaiting the arrival
of the tug Fttmuj, which was to have followed them
on the 30th with stores of all descriptions It was,
PLAN SHOWING THE RELATIVE PJSfTIOVS OF F IRTS H \TTER \S AND CLARK. AND TEE FEDERAL FLEET
UNDER CuMMODORE STRINGHAM
BOMBARDMENT OP FORT HATTERAS. PAMLICO SOTTSTD, N. C. ADOTST
BOMBARDMENT OF FORT HATTERAK. PAMLICO SnnND. N. C, AT/GUST "n 1861, BY THE FEDERAL FLEET USHER COMMOBOHE STRTSOmM.
13d
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL IV A R.
wrm wr m,im
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CfVIL WAR.
12$
DISI'OVEHY OF a CONFEDERATE UATTEHY AT MESSRt'HS FOtXT, ON TOE POTOMAC, NEAR THE MOUTH OK RACK BITEB,
BY A SCOOTING PARTY OK THE TEXTB BEQI1IENT OF NEW YORK ZOUAVES.
however, only on the afternoon of the 1st of Oc- Tho seizure of Mid Fanny, and the disadvan- Fedora] position, wliich they began shelling, whil
Sober that thu tag appeared near Chieainacumien, tageous position of the Federals on tho island, in- at the sumo time landing largo bodies of troop*
when she was captured by Confederate dueed tho Confederates to send an expedition iibovo and below the camp.
m ' vessels just coming down Pamlico against tb^m. Six vessels, carrying about 2,000 Colonel Brown's forco met tho attack boldly
Sound, with, a loss to the Federals of thirty-one men, were nccoi. 'ngly fitted out at Roanoko Island, though at a frightful disadvantage, until nigh"
prisoners, and tlie cargo, valued at about ј150,000. aud ou the 4tb of October arrived opposite tho admitted of his cutting his way through tho force
tUHINQ VIRGINIAN F,
126
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
F\PI,08](1N OP A PffF'T TH ""TIE onTTFTC IE tru *j. R RTEAMER " NIAfi \RA, FBdll THE CnN'FEt"PR \TE IV. ' NOVKMUER 8d. 1801
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
TAKING AWAY THE COLORS OF THE SEVENTY-NINTH NEW YORK REGIMENT, FOR MUTINY, WASHINGTON, AUGUST Mm, 1881.
, . , 1 Ch>camacom,co, and making his junction with the frigate S,","l,"na and ths the morning. The MoMhdh brat came upon th.
retreat toward Hatter.. Lighlh,,,™. Ho reached grmbo.t M",Hcelh. With the aid of the gunboat, enemy, when about iiftcon miles from Hatl.ra.
the latter early the following; morning, and there proceeding ahead along the shore, the Federal, Lighthouse, and began .helling them with terrible
met a detachment of 500 men, whom Colonel marched northward to dispute the advance which it effect, compelling them to bide in the wood, and
Hawkins ha,! hrougut up to hia relief, in con- wa. supposed the Confederate, bad commenced in afterward to run toward their former position nea,
DRUMMING OUT' THTEWES FBuM tTJBTRlUJfc aiOMttob
j.iS
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
which lay the vessels into which they htul been
brought to the island. These were, in turn,
engaged by the gunboat as they advanced to rescue
the fast retreating Confederates, the shelling being
continued until night brought it to it close. The
Moniicello tlion came down toward I lit Items Light-
house, covering tho oncampment of the Federals.
SILAS IIORTON STRIKGHAM.
Bens in Mirl.lklnwn. Oraiiyc County, N. Y.. November
7lli. 1708; entered Hie United Smies Navy 1800 iw mid-
Hhipmau '>ii luiiiiil tin- Iiijut'.- Prttiikaf, iLcai cunirnanijed by
Commodore [lodgers, lit* became IIciiIcimiiI in 1611, and
served in Decatur's BQuailrou iu the Algerinc War. In 1830
lie was plnced in command of llic Fblmmtth, of Ilio West
India squadron, mid in 1835 look charge of Urn John Adanu,
belonging t'i Hip Mediterranean Hinnilrou.
Shortly nflcr Ilia rclurn 10 thin country, la 1837, lie was
ordered to proecotl on board ihe Porptite, in search of pirates
that Inn] been troubling DierolinnL vessels along ihe const.
This wns followed by a period of rompnniive quiet, in
which lie whs in command of the Indepsndtna, then ni-
tnebed in the nnme funadron.
In i-H be win made a captain, and sei
,,,1
1, -pi L
c Ohio, lo
charge ..i
[he Brooklyn Navy Yard ■Rorwwil.natl upon the
dec I ii nil ion of imrwilh Mexicn. he remmed to
his former command at ihe OAte, which loiter
led the United Suites fleet ntil.e caplure of Vera
Crur. Bad of Sun Jiniii of Ullo.i, lie was ap-
pointed lo the cini mil of the Mediterranean
squadron in 1833, nnd remained in conslnnt
Bcrvica on sea or home ditty until 1801.
When nt Ihe breaking nut or tho Civil War,
President Lirienln decided In hliiekmlc llic Soiilh-
ern ports, Slrlugluim was ordered lo Inkc clmrge
of llic tqnndron on the Aliunde sintion, whoso
operations lay between Key West on the smith
SlldCipc Charles, nt the innuili of the Clicsn-
pc.ke Bay, on llic iiorlb. lie whs given lor the
pni|Nie Die loilyyun Hleiim friyilie Mimir-'Ui
r.ir n ll.igskin, nod a flciii of twenty-live vessels,
nin lined by iiimc ihiee thousand live hundred
sailors mid marines. Willi these lie did soli vo
service, although unl tin eiini; wiiJi nny encounter
worlli mcDliODlug until the end of August, 1801.
On lbs Mill nf the hitler nioutli he left Hamp-
ton lln "I-, in accordance with imdrueimni from
Wa-limu'i"". "'ill [he Miwiemln, MoittUttlo,
/'.' Wi Harriet I.ane, and tome stenm
Inutsporta nud tugs cm rj'iiig troops under Gen-
eral Butler, arriving oil llutlcrai Inlet the fol-
lowing nfiurnoon. The squadruu was joined ut
ihc littler place by [he &tiiquehnnnti ami the
Oambtiland. limit of which look purl in the
flgblillg, in Ihc surrender. August aOlli, of Forls
Cli'knnd Hat I eras. These commented nil Im-
portant inlet lo Puuilicu Sound, by which ihe
Confcdernles liiul been receiving supplier. Com-
moilnrc Siringhmit was promoted rem admiral . n
the retired list In 1602. From ISM to 1E0G bo
was in charge of Ihe Charleston Navy Yard ns
cniniiinndiiiit ; was appointed pnit admiral of
Sew York in 180T, ami died iuBronblyu, N. Y..
February 7th, 1BT0.
THE SEVENTY NINTH NEW YORK.
Tins regiment carried I heir flng wish bnnor
nl Bull Run, bill tiny tliicrcditcd it by open
uiniiiiy ill Wnsl'iiiigliin; mill by order of Gem ri.|
Bled linn their colors were taken inim (liem.
The scene during the rendiug of the order was
exceedingly impr. waive. The tun \vn- jusl going
features nnd fonii ■>[ odlccrs ami men could scarcely he
rlisHngHislicd. I ui mediately behind his aid was General
Purler, firm and scl '-possessed. Colonel Slevens was in
fi.oit c.[ ihe regiment, endeavoring to quiet Ins rather
'". ■-■ In ihe rear of lbs regulars, nnd a liuie
distant ..[• .i I. Gem rol Siel.ii • • >i ut. h F-ly on horseback,
eral James H Lane. These he drove across the
line beyond Fort Scoti, and leaving a force there,
continued on his way, reaching Warrensburg on
Wednesday, the 11th of September. His advance
upon the I. .Iter place was the more hotly pressed
ainco learning lliat Federal troops had been sent
there by General Fremont's orders (o take away
in safety the money belonging to its loyal in-
habitants, and at the same time protect them
if possible from the threatening Confederate in-
vasion.
The Federals had, however, antieipatod Price,
who felt not only injured on learning that the
money had bien by them carried to Lo ling ton,
but insulted, besides, at having the fact illus-
trated in broad Herman caricatures on the walls
throughout tha ci:y.
Price lost but little time in Warrens lung, and
after a rainstorm that raged furiously for n while,
he pushed on toward Lexington, where he encamped
tho same night. The Federal force at Lexington,
consisting of only half a regiment of Home Guards,
hud been strengthened only two dnjs before by the
129
legislature had been suddenly compelled to abandon
upon Mulligan's approach.
Tho new portion of the City of Lexington is
built upon an elevation close by tho river, Old
L-xingtou, as tho other section is called, lying
further back on the hills.
Colonel Mulligan's force of 2,610 men was con-
tinually at work making entrenchments, his ox-
tremo outer lino bain™ in front of. tho college
building on Masonic Hill, whore ho had his head-
quarter*. The inner line nf breastworks circled
around a building, to the right of the college, used
us a boarding- house. In addition to tho earth-
works, fae.'d by a ditch eight feet wide, woro pits
surrounded by mines fully supplied with gun-
powder. Of the latter article Mulligan had a fair
supply, hut he had no shells for his two mortars,
only six small cannon and but little ready ammu-
nition : the cavalry, too. being without guns or rifles.
On Thursday, the 12th of Soptomhor, the Con-
federate General Gabriel James liaius opened firs,
with nine guns, under Oint tins Ciurchill, CI irk and
Emmett McDonald, rpon that portion of the earth-
works which had forcibly been left the
weakest, on the New Lexingt n side. In
the row stood Colonel Con-
SirTcmi li, 1SSI. T , , , , ,
grove Jttflha n s detach mo ut,
whilst on tho extreme left the forces un-
der General Parsons, with Captain Gui-
hor's battery and General Stoou, faced
Colonel Anderson's house, then used as
a hospital, leaving Pierce's main body di-
rectly in tho centra.
The Confederate attack was soon di-
rected from four dideront points, and
"V continued the rest of the day. At sun-
set, when the fire ceased, the hospital
was found to havo suffered most of all.
Dr. Winer, surgeon of the brigade, and
the Itev. Father ButW, had been taken
prisoners dining an attack repelled by
the men under Captain G'enson, some
outworks had hcc'i tiken, and the Fed-
erals had been forced into an interior
Mulligan set lo work during the custi-
ing night, everywhere strengthening his
nositinn, which was likely to become
more and moro isolated Active prep-
arations, in fact, continued on both
sides from the 12th to the l?th, amid
occasion il firing, tho Federals having
succeeded in putting up additional earth-
works by that time, while the reinforced
Confederates hud closed in their lino of
batteries around tho besieged under covor
oF movable breastworks mado of large
wet hales o£ hemp.
Price had also in tho meantime set
a largo number of soldiers to scour tho
country around, in order to prevent the
looked- tor F dcral aid. His men had
intercepted, forty miles below tho city,
the steamer Sitmhine, hiving on board
Lieu tenant Itiins and ten men of tho
Thirteenth Missouri Regiment under Colonel Pea- "Irish Urirado," sent by Mulligan to Jefferson
body, just returned from Warrensburg, nud by the City for reinforcements. They had also captured
detachment sL'iit from Jefferson City. This last a Federal vessel loaded with provisions, clothing,
embraced five hundred Home Guards, as well as and the much needed ammunition, and hid cither
tho Twenty-third Illinois Regiment of the "Irish forced back, defeated or captured several Federal
AMES H.
by any mai
up ihe line I
Wmi nil Hint
iiswonh bad be been
range of nay of Ihe
SIEGE AND BATTLE OF LEXINGTON.
AFTER tho battle of Wilson's Creek, General
Sterling Price kept on recruiting the Confederate
ranks so actively, that, by the end of August, he
felt in the position to assume tho offen-ive. Ho then
began his march toward the northern section of
Missouri, meeting on tho way with no opposition
until the Tth of September, when some skirmish-
ing was had, at a place near tho
Kansas border, called Dry Wood
Creek, with a detachment of Federals under Gen-
Brigade " under Colonel James A. Mulligan, a por-
tion of the Eighth Missouri under Colonel White,
and the First Regiment of Illinois Cavalry under
Oolonel T. St Marshall.
Colonel Mulligan, who hud
reason of his seniority, felt, that an attack from
Price must take place in llic near future, and ho,
therefore, had mean while availed himself of every
chance to strenghtcn his position, pending the
arrival of reinforcements.
Lexington the capital of Lafayette County, Mo.,
is situated on the south bank of the Missouri River,
about three hundred miles from St. Louis, and
; to Mulligan's
i likewise cut oil from the
detachments likely to t
The supply of water u
city.
At a given signal, fired at precisely eight o'clock
dby on the morning of the 17th, from the headquarters
of General Price, then at the Court
SEiTEiiBin. iboi. jj0Ufl0 0f tne jjow mownj General
Rains again opened on the Federals.
The fire continued, it may be said, almost un-
remittingly night ami day, and throughout some
heavy rain, until the morning of tho 20th. By
this timo Genera! Harris, who had just joined
Price with his 2,700 men- thus swelling the Con-
uuarly one hundred and twenty miles west of federate force to 24,000- had, with General Mac-
Jelferson City, at a point commanding tho most Bride's assistance, attacked and carried the hills
important route to Kansas. Not on the latter north of the town, as well as Colonel Anderson's
account alone was Lexington now about to bo so house. The latter had once been retaken by Cap-
eagerly contested for, however. Its position, it is tain Glcason at tho head of only eighty men of
true, was a controlling one, but in addition to the the Irish Montgomery Guards, who, after losing
money brought back from Warransburg, tho vaults thirty of their number, and having their captain
there held gsOO.OOO in gold coin and the Slate wounded, were, however, forced to retire,
seals, which ox-Govenor Claiborne Jackson and his Price asked for an unconditional turrouder
SIEGE OF LEXINGTON, MO_ SEPTEMBER l?ia, 18th, ltm AND 20th, 1861, RESULTING IN TB
TO GENERAL STERLING PRICE, WHO COMAS
SIEUK 01? LEXL.NGTON, MO- SEPTEMBER 17th, ISth, 1"ih AND 20th, 1861, RESULTING IN THE SURRENDER OF THE FEDERAL FORCES, 2,640 STRONG, UNDER COLONIAL JAliES A. MULLIGAN,
TO GENERAL STERLING PRICE. WHO COMMAND TilE CONFEDERATE FORCES, 24,000 STRONG.
J3i
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
It seemed idle for the Federals to count any
longer upon outside aid. They were down to
near the Inst of their carefully nursed provisions
and ammunition. The position, on this account,
as well as from the scarcity of water, seemed unten-
able ; but Mulligan's determined answer, "If yon
ivnnt us, you must take us," came, nevertheless.
The Homo Guards, who hod long before become
discouraged, raised a white flag upon hearing this;
but .Mulligan immediately ordered Captain McDer-
mott to proceed with the Detroit Jackson Guard to
tJike it down.
The fight went on more fiercely than ever on
die pan of thu Confederates, until, by two o'clock,
their linen wero within a few rods of the Federal
works. Further resistance was deemed impossible.
For his heroic defense Colonel Mulligan received
the thanks i>f the United States Congress and the
commission of btig.idier-general. He refused the
promotion, preferring to remain colonel of the
Twenty-third Illinois, which was given the right
to use the name of " Lexington " upon its colors.
General Sterling Price, on the other hand, re-
ceived the thanks of the Confederate Congress,
which led afterward to his being given the com-
mission of major-general.
JAMES HENRY LANE.
Boris Ju dc 22(1, 1814. at Lawrencebiirg. lnd. Ilia father
was Him. Amos Lane, an nble pi.lhicjuu and lawyer. Thu
koi) was udinilled lo lilt Tlnr in 1840, unit practired his pm.
fessioo until 1840, when he ealisied na a private in [lie TUird
mtioued in Ibe office until allocked by a paralytic
, which incapacitated liim from further legislative
;, and so affected Ins mind, Una. on July llili. I860,
t Ilia own life at his home in Leavenworth, Kan.
ATTEMPTED DESEHT10N of FL'DEHAL ItECltUITS.
TilF. system of recruiting liad nut. up to llie mouth of
September, 1S61, been freed of many of iis defect*. Safc-
guards luid in be established, particularly against desertion.
While all officers were striving fur rapid organization mid
consequent promi'lion, all hind* of subler'nyes were resorted
lo for procuring men. Tin- high bouulics wllich were after-
ward p;iid, weic not lien yel ipoken of, and desertions wriv.
ilicrefore, more tbe result of tbc favoritism of rocniHing-
agonla ibnn tbe bounties Ibeu current.
Many of ibe camps hod been seriously depleted l.y whole-
sale disappearances, and a more severe rtgime was adopted
A DETACHMENT OF THU NEW YORK KlFLliS FIRING fJPDB
rr.YtS CRESTO'S COMl'.
.VME liBUHIENT, SKPriiMBElt 0th. 1
A eotuic I of officers decided upon surronder. Tl e
white Dug was hoisted and firing ceased.
At four o'clock on Saturday afternoon, the ^Ist,
the actu.il surrender took place. It embraced Col-
onels Mulligan, Peabody, Marshall and Gi-over,
Majors liecker and Van Horn, and IIS other com-
mi-sioned officer.-, about 2,100 men; C cannon, 2
mortars, over 3,000 stand of arms, TOO horses, and
a large quantity of cquinmoins, etc The Confede-
rates also became possessed of the money, about
ј100,000, brought from Warren-burg, as well as of
the additional W00,00O, tbe State records and the
seals hitherto in ex- Governor Jackson's hands.
The Confederate losses were heavy - between two
and three tli on Baud - mainly owing to the judicious
explosion by the Federals of six mines during the
siege. The Federals loet between three and five
hundred killed and wounded. In the last day's
light, Colonel Mulligan was wounded in the leg
and in the right arm, Colonel Marshall received a
wound in tho cheek, and Colonel White was shot
through tho lunge, dying Saturday morning.
Indiana Volunteers, ia tbc war with Mcxirn. Rapid pro
motion followed bis service In Mexico, aail al Buetui Villain
commanded a brigade, and displayed conspicuoui bravery,
lu 1*18 be was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Iiuliinn
represented llic St;iie in llie Unilcd Slates Congress in 18.13-5
voting for llic Hfcunukn Bill, lo 1855 be removed lo ilu
Terriiory or Kansas, tben llic ball Id ground or llie Pro
Slavery and Anti-Slavery parties, each parly maintaining i
form of Slole government. Colonel Lane wns n promilictl
member of llie fir -I Free Stale govern muni . was president "I
bollilbeTopek
lajor-geiie
C(l Ibe Frc
In 18511 be
i fur
; of
by llic Free Stale Legislature, and proceeded lo Washington.
Iml was not allowed t" lake ids seat. Tlio same year lie was
I lid I clod for bigll [reason by llic opponents of Ibe Free Slate
liovcrnmeut, and was compelled lo lite from llic Stale. In
13.V9. in an affray, be sbol and killed a neighbor, for which
offense he was Itied, bin acquitted. The Legislature of ibe
Ftiir of Kansas elected General Lnue to llie On i led Slolcs
Semite in 18G1 and 1805.
Al Ibe breaking out of the Civil War he nclively engaged
in organizing tbe Kiin=as troops, ami Imik a conspicuous pari
in llie battle of Lexington u a biigidier-gcncrul of volua-
leers. On the meeting of tho United Suites Congress, in
December, 1801. he look his seal us United Stales Senator
in ci ii i set] tic nee. Amongst tlicfu recruiting camps was llie
one bicaleii m Wlltelt'a Piiini, N. Y.
Colonel Le Guild re was raising a regimcut to le colled the
New York liilb s, and Colurirl Fardt l;i wua likewise close by
rai.-ing a regiment mostly composed of his country men.
Her, roiling bad been ai-liveh eained on by both parlies, cre-
ating jealousy, yet nothing occurred in hi liuisly nuir die re-
luLiiui.i cNMiug Iieln'eun tin- inn i: I- oniil Colonel
Le Gendrc learned (tint a company of hi.- i were about lo
lie turned over by their captain. fJrcsli), to Colonel Furdclla's
The captain bad Ids compaay on guard llie night ibe
desertion was to Like place, September Dili, 18UI, bat ere lie
plol coidd he carried out, Colon.: I Le Gendrc ordered Captain
Gossamer und Lieutenant Qeorgeo of bis command to lake
charge of llie camp, and lo order every man lo his quarters.
While Caplaia Crcsto was parleying about ibe mailer a
pialol was Decidendi! ly ilisdmri^ d by one of bis guard, cre-
nling much excitement. Colonel Lo Gcadrc'n detachment,
fancying il was attacked, at once fired a volley into Captain
Crosm'B men. Two of tbe hitler, Dnmiotck Sassi and Ferdi-
nand Markoe. were killed, while soveral were wounded.
The company was al once placed under arrest and severely
disciplined. Tbc act was not one of disloyally so much as
nn expression of preference for a particular command, and
the men wcrcsooo seat lo the front.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL If. IK.
'33
h£7lE\Y OF 00KFJSDB1UTB TKOOl'3 EN ROUTE TO VIUUISIA, AS TH8Y PAS3 TUB PULASKI MONUMENT. SAVANNAH, GA., AUGltSl! Ira, Wffl
gSCAMPMEM i1 OJf 1'iiUElt.
BATTCOT AT A.V.N'AFU
'34
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
^^-^gife
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
BATTLE OF OARNIFEX FEB BY.
Cabnifex Fekhy in located nt a point on the
Gnnley lliver, below Meadow Creek, near Sum-
mersvillc, tiic capital of Nicholas County, in West-
crn Virginia.
General W. S. Rosccraus, who, since lie succeeded
General Geon-e B. McClcllaii on July 22d, hud
been organizing n large army, learned early in the
mon ()i of September Hint the Con-
fetlernte forces under General Jnlin
B. Floyd, Into United Slates Secretary of War, were
stationed at Cumifex Ferry.
General Henry A. Wise's forces had heen loft at
FicketL't Mills to guard against a possible rear
attack by General J. D. Cox, then nt Hawk's Neat,
while tlio Con federate division under General Hub-
ert E. Lee was at Cheat Mountain opposing the
force which General Rosccraus had placed under
General Joseph J. Reynolds.
Busi'crniifl determined to attack Floyd without
delay, leaf tlio Confederates soon become in a still
bolter position to menace the Federals in Western
Virginia, as well as in Pennsylvania and Ohio. In
order to reach Floyd's strongly en-
trenched position on I be heights over-
looking the ferry, Rosecrans had lo
cross both the Kreitsand the Powell
Mountains, the Inst named being the
loftiest in Western Virginia. This "as
a very difficult undertaking, 33 most
of the passes were very rugged and
narrow, it being in ninny places neces-
sary for the men to go in single lile
and to crawl upon their bauds ai'd
knees.
The summit of the last range was
reached by Itosecrans at about noeu
of the 91 h of September, and, although
the troops were i lien well nigh ex-
hausted after their very wearisome
march of nearly seventeen miles, nu
lime was lo3t in making lecoin oi"-
-anees by the Federals. These led 10
an exchange of fire between - picket.",
nothing of much moment oecurrmj:.
Iiowotci', until utter General Hen 13
W. Benluim's brigade had conic up
'•arly the following day.
The Jailer's force made the total ///W-
Federal army there under Bosecrans ' ^,t'
about 4,000, as against 2.0(10 under ■' ^
General Floyd, the hitter haviug the
advantage in position.
General Bcnbam had asked, and
was ordered, to advance, which he
did, with his entire brigade, com-
posed of the Tenth Ohio, Colonel
William Haines Lyttte, the Twelfth
Ohio, under Colonel Lowe, and the
Thirteenth Ohio, Colonel W. S. Smith, governor
wiih two butteries under Captains vitovi;
McMullen ami Schneider.
The Tenth Ohio, known us the Irish Regiment,
which was in ibe lead, soon came upon and en-
gaged a Confederate parapet battery located near
the main road. This at once drew a concentrated
tire from the enemy's large supporting force, which
would have completely swept Colonel Lyttle's men
bat for the timely assistance given by Captain
McMnllen's and Captain Schneider's guns. These
played successfully upon the enemy and enabled
Lyttle to attack the central Confederate position
on the ncigb bmiiig bill.
Under a scathing Ere the four companies at-
tempted to carry it, Colonel Lyttle's rallying-cry of
"Follow, Tamil 1" leading lliem on to renewed
effort* which, however, proved unavailing. The
entrenched force was too strong. In the hist at-
tempt, directly in the centre, Lyttle had bcou
severely wounded in the leg, and bad, besides, been
thrown to the ground by his horse, which, through
n wound, had become unmanageable.
The Colonel hud to be taken from the field, after
ordering his men to fall buck beyond the range of
the galling fire to which they were being exposed.
Color sergeant Filsgibboue, who was close by Lyttle
when ho fell, had his right baud shattered, but
immediately caught up and waved the standard
with his left hand until killed by a round-shot.
The colors were then taken by Sergeant O'Con-
nor, and held up until, exhausted by a wound
he had received, he fell by the roadside. His
place was filled by Captain Stephen McGroarty,
who bore the flag aloft till his company had
nearly reached cover, wncn he, too, yielded up his
life to a ball that pierced bis right breast.
The " Bloody .Tenth," as it was called, had sig-
nalized itself to a man. Its lieutenant-colonel.
Korff, Major Burke, and Captains Ainiis and
Moore, wore ever spurring them on; their much-
beloved chaplain, Father O'Higgin?, likewise taking
an active and often too risky a share in the duties
of the moment.
The enemy's right flank had in the meantime
been engaged by Colonel Lowe's Twelfth Ohio, led
by Adjutant-general Harts 11 ff, and by the Thir-
teenth Ohio, under Colonel Smith, which latter
stood at the extreme right close by the river.
Schneider's battery remained in nearly its former
position, but McMnllen's guns had been brought to
bear on the main Confederate battery.
There stood at the same time, on the extreme
Confederate left, the brigade which had been given
to Colonel Robert L. McOook, ami which was com-
piled of his own German regiment, the Ninth
FRANCIS H. PJFRPONT.
OF TIROIKEA. 1308 TO 1805, WITH STATE
lONAL UOVEUNOU, .iPi'OISTEO BY PHBSIDBNT JOHNSON, 1805
Ohio, as well as of the Third Ohio, and the Twenty-
eighth Ohio under Colonel Mohr. Scamuou's de-
tachment acted as a reserve.
McCook bad displayed much annoyance nt not
being allowed to engage the enemy at an earlier
period, and as soon as he was given a brigade,
became almost wild with joy.
Standing in the saddle, he harangued bis men
excitedly, drawing from them repealed cheers of
approval, and waving his slouched hat, cried :
'■Forward, my bully Dutch ! Wo will go over the
entrenchments if every man dies on the other
side !" The entire regiment seemed electrified,
and, accompanied by Hartsuff, at once plunged
ahead through the woods, all eager for the fray.
The assault from McCook's men, us well as along
the whole line, continued actively for quite a while,
in fuce of serious losses. These included Colonel
Lowe who was killed by a musket-ball piercing bis
head while be was in the advance. By the time
evening came most of Floyd's guns had been
silenced, and the Thirteenth Ohio was making
ready to enter the works at Floyd's right.
Rosccraus, however, deemed best to fall back for
the night, preparatory to a renewed attack the fol-
lowing day. The men lay on their arms until the
next morning, when, to their surprise, they found
the works to have been silently evacuated.
Either through fear of a more serious engagement
i35
or by reason of Wise refusing to send him reinforce-
ments, Floyd had taken his men across the Gaulay
River, leaving behind a largo quantity of arms,
stores uud ammunition. The losses of the Confede-
rates the previous day had been one killed and ton
wounded, the latter including General Floyd, whilst
the Federals were reported to have lost fully eighty-
live in killed and wounded.
Floyd's army first fled to Dogwood Gap, the
junction of the Summers ville and Charleston roads,
thence to Meadow bluff (or Bridge), where ho was
joined by General Lee, nine days later.
Rosccraus encamped at Cross Roads (or Lanes),
leaving McCook's brigade for a while to pursue
Floyd, the Federal forces finally resting on New
River, directly facing the position then held by
General Lee on the Big Sewell Mountain.
OPERATIONS AT AND NEAR SANTA ROSA
ISLAND.
We have already seen how Fort Pickens, located
on Santa Rosa Island, was, in January, 18G1, saved
from the insurgent grasp through tlio foresighted-
ness and nctivo energy displayed by
Lieutenant Adam J. Slommer.
The little force garrisoning the place
had been strengthened, April Igth, by
murines and artillery carried during
the night, under the guns of Forts
Mcltue and Barrancas, by the sailing
frigate Sabine. Captain Adams ; the
steam sloop- of- war Brooklyn, Captain
Walker; the gunboats Crusader and
Wyandot, and tlio storeships Supply
and St. Louti. Additional reinforce-
ments and stores bad renohed it a taw
days Inter by the steam transports At-
lantic and Illinois, raising the enure
i bj ml At the battle of
Dncnn Vt-ta. fought February S3d-9Sd, 18-17,
Bragg w.et again promoted brevet lieu,
tenant-colonel. He was engaged in frontier
duly from 18-18 lo 1855. He resigned bis
commission in the army in ISM, and became
a planter in Louisiana; was Commissioner
of Public Works for the Slate of Louisiana
from 1840 to 1801; was commissioned
brigadier-general and took command of the
" forces operating against Fort Pickens in
1801 ; was made major-general in 1802. iind
joined (be Army of the Mississippi. At ihe
battle of Shiloh, April Olh and Tin, 186a, lie
commanded (he Second Corps, tui-cccding
y Johnston, who h
He i
loll
i promoted to the
at Mi-n
hiiilly d. :
thinougs.
Of h
mi. I.
adviser to President Duvte, with whom he was n great
favorite. In 180-1 ho led a small force from North
Carolina to (Jeorgiu to upei ale against Shcrmun in his
march lo the sea. iml met. with no success.
After the sun-ruder h" sellh'iJ in Mobile, and became
chief on -inner ot the Slate of Alabama in improving
Mobilo Harbor. He died in (Julvestan, Tesaa, on Sop-
teuibei -27lb, 1870.
THE FEDERAL WAR STEAMER. "SOUTH CAROLINA" SHELL1N
T 5th, 1801.
SHARPSHOOTING.- TRIAL OP SKILL OK BERDAN'" RIFLEMEN BEFORE
SHARPSHOOTING - TRIAL OP SKILL Of BERDAX'a RIFLEMEN BEFORE GBKEBAJ McCLELLAK AND STAFF AT WASHINGTON. SEPTEMBER 20th. 166L
140
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
iii^t^^siiiw
THE SOLD IF R IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
141
THE POPULAH LOANS
At tub Nobth kXn South.
I>" order to provide all tho menus
Uiat were likely to bo needed for a
thorough prosecution of tlie Oivil
War, the United States Congress acted
upon the suggestion of Salmon P.
Chose, then Secretary of the Treasury,
and authorized o 'oan of 8250,000,000.
For tin's there wore to be issued bonds
bearing seven per cent, annual interest ,
and redeemable in twenty years ; also
Treasury notes payable in three years,
and hearing so von and three- tenths
|ier cent, annual interest. An Act
was also passed by Oi ingress tin the flth
of August, 1BG1, f'-r the increase of
revenues from imports and by taxes,
in order to provide for the interest to
1 the 1
r loi
The combined bunks uf New York,
Philadelphia and Boston, seeing the
obvious advantages of the loan, at once agreed lo Street, New York Oily,
take it ; hut Mr. Chose preferred t the isc-'es oboYS
142
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CiriL WAR.
m
alluded to, ih?n" ",.'jSn.873, and with but limited resources to lie honesty as a means of promoting their material
meet its accruing interest. But with tho break- wealth and securing recognition by tho commercial
ing out of tho Civil War a now era began, and nations of tho world.
the necessity of creating means for suppressing the
rebellion in the Southern Stale* led to the estab- COUPON BONDS.
lishmcut of a stablo foundation upon which the These bonds called into circulation n largo
past as well 03 tho large prospective indebtedness amount in small savings of gold and silver pre-
was to be satisfactorily cared for. viotisly lying idle in old bureaus, hidden boxes, aud
The foundation lay in the issue of bonds and of stockings, where ths careful housewife had fore
gone the interest for the sake of
^w0^^^^;^'!;^?,^,^I:^^;^^■^-t^t *™-tt>'rtr conpona wore
Taw m* " -sua rf s*m vat no. rauw to man?.
safely.
i new source 0
representatives, by a!! of whom it was pronounce'
as singularly remarkable in its execution. It was
adopted almost exclusively at Fort Calhoun, which
had been erected at tho Rip-Raps, near Fortress
Monroe, especially for active work tguinrt (lie
enemy's butteries. This gun did more enec found
by Dovens, nor did he
come upon any of tho
enemy. Ho therefore sent for
further orders, and was told to re-
majii, pending the arrival of rein-
forcements. These soon followed under Lieu
tenant-colonel Ward, increasing his force to si;
hundred ami twenty men.
Colonel Dana was ordered to cross Edwards';
Ferry, with two companies of the First Minnesota tho very outset, their i
Regiment, under cover of guns from Rickotts's bat- dead, pierced by bullets
tory, and to search the country around as well as arm.*
protect a detachment of Van Alcn's cavalry sent
ahead foi tho sumo purpose. Tho skirmishers came * amerai Dakar hs.i been wound
upon a Confederate regiment and exchanged fire, ^L'Ii|L.l!^'',!j;n"^nh^'Jn!^lwi'I1i'r.t
without, however, much damage (o cither side. shf-i* iiuo la* irmly from u nwiu-r .
Dovons's force had had a slight skirmish while in ?j2i|1,'"1JB *jj№ '''{'.'[ Ti"i< Troops. Union Artillery.
UNGAGEILENT BETWEEN FEDERAL AND CONFEDERATE TROOPS ON THE VIRGINIA HIDE OP THE I'OTI
RETHEAT OF THE
FEDERAL TROOPS FROM 1HE VIRGINIA SHORE ACBOS
ssi^i^^
f :n(Jai;i :m j;ni uii'nviiiiN i'JvM-iiial and conkicdkratk
THE POTOMAC,
kY OF PARROTT
UK MARYLAND SHORE,
TKEAT OP THE FEDERAL TROOPS FKOM 1HE VIRGINIA SHORE ACROSS I CANAL-BOAT BRIDGE AT EDWARDS'S FERRY, OS THE NIGHT OF OCTOBER 23i", 1801.
W
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
met, for the time, by the commanding general's
statement that General Stone was without blame,
a conclusion McClcllnn had arrived at w!;en (it
Poolcsvillfl on Tuesday, the 23d.
Many were not, however, satisfied with this dis-
position of the matter, and Congress was for a long
time ngitatcd by warm discussions on the subject.
This ted. February 8th, 1862, to the arrest and in-
carceration in Fort Lafayette of Gf.ncral Stone,
by order of the Secretary of War, although ho had
In the meantime been placed by General McClcllnn
m command of an increased force of twelve thou-
cloqnence, gained for him In after years such a popularity,
tti3t be was elected to the United States Semite from Illinois
in 1848, and from Oregon in 1600. Ho hail, meanwhile, vol-
unteered in the Mexican War, and on the field hod won the
admiration of all bj a rigid and coasdentiom attention to the
arduous duties of the camp, as well as by his singular forti.
tudu through the trying ordeals of the murch and battle,
lie had aflcrwurd visited California, and there also had
Mn-ngihi'Diil hi- :iln;niv LT'Mt reputation us an orator and
debater, the truly brilliant fratint) lie delivered over the
remains of his friend Brotlerick, killed in n duel, being of
itself sufficient to merit him n national fame.
When the civil war broke out, lie aided materially the
popular movement in behalf of the North by his frequent.
the Add in case he was killed, ns be Justly fenici TVs
request was carried out by Captain Bevel, of the Firet Cali-
fornia negimcut, who was near, and shot the Confederal!!
soldier whom he li;ni Ken emptying his revolver ai General
Baker.
General JilcClcllua's report of the bnttlo alluded to the low.
of Baker " ia the fullue** of bis power as a statesman, nud in
the course of a brilliant career us n soldier distinguished in
two wars, " and Congress subsequently named a day for the
consideration of his death. In presence of the Prrsident, tbu
Cabinet, the Judiciary niul Ciingn-s-, filling eulogies were
accordingly pronounced in the House of Representatives,
Washington, on the llth of December, ISGt. a liny on which
ul in (ML tlio entire nation likewise juinwi iu impression of grief
DKATII OF COLONEL EDWAIID DICKLS'SON BAKER, WHILE LEADING HI3 REGIMENT AT TUB BATTLE OF BALLS BLUFF, OCTOBER l&T, 18411.
sand ii
,i,.l had !:
General Stone wits shortly afterward transferred
from Port Lafayette to hotter quarters ut Fort
ITamiltoii, also located in New York Harbor, anil
was finally released unconditionally, August lOtll,
taking command again under General llanke in
May of the following year.
EDWARD DICKINSON BAKER.
Boas la London, Fug., of Quaker parents, February 34th,
£-1 emieratid lu the United States in his youth, remain-
ing but a shor-. lime in the City of Philadelphia, Pa., and
finally Settling iu what was at tb..t time called tllD Far West
'.the Scale of Hlinois) ; studied low, and, notably at the
Springfield (Til.) Bar. nltnincd a very high degree of eml-
L'enee, His fine address sympathetic i iner, and great
fori!
..nil Si.. i
brigade, acllng as a special curps of observation on (be right
Honk of the Aniiv of Ihe Poiomac juM Imtura the buttle of
Boll's Bluff.
R was at the latter engagiineiil tlint Colonel Baker, who
hnd. just before be en lend the hat lie, lieen notillcil of bis
appointment as lirigTiiticr-gimral. whs killed, October L'lsl,
ISOI, while at the hci.d of lib command. Ho hud been fore-
ii ..-1 in the ligiil, uinl ii w:i- wliil.- making a final d >.■■[•• 'rat..-
effort to rally against numbers far greater than his own that
he fell, pierced by bullets. His death must have been in-
staatflneous, for It was found that he hnd been shot in the
head, body, arm anil side. He seemed to have a presenti-
ment of dentb. und lmd directed lib meo to take his bodv off
TnE UNITED BTATE8 MILITARY TKLEG11APH.
The illustration represents n station of the Military Tele-
graph. Ah the army advanced, it was accompanied by a corpl
of men belonging exclusively to the Telegraph Bureau, wlm
mode all the necessary wire connections for the prompt trans-
mission of orders between the Generul Commnndlng and tlio
War Department. The operator is here seen nt his Eight
work, receiving dispatches, while a mounted orderly is await-
ing in order to convey (hem to the division generals.
The Military Telegraph played an important part In the
ronduct of the several campaigns, and was perfected so at
;o become Indispensable Ii the War Department in direct-
ing opcmlions, ulthough some of the Federal generals whe
gained success ia the West claimed that thair success was
due to the fact that they were not in telegraphic comrounl
calico with Washington, and the only nts of tho line was
their victory.
THE SOLDIER IN OUK CIVIL WAR
'53
-KIHMISBIN'G BETWEEN THE PICKETS OF THE TWO ARHIE8 IN VIHGINIA.
UliiTiJ> STATES MILITAltY TELEGUAI'U aTAIIOi" IX YIKUiS
'54
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL
CHARLES WILKES.
Bons in .Vtiy York City, 1801. When
eighteen yenra old lit was appointed la
I led Stales Navy as midsbipmuni
n i-ji; I,
i ci led t(
1855i c
n; reached the rank of com-
1843; was made captain jn
mndnre iu 1863, and rear-ad-
miral io 1806. He conducted the cele-
brated " Wilkes Exploring Expedition "
in the Southern and Pacific Oceans from
1KW iu 1843, and published tbo narrative,
which was of great interest and value.
In 1801, In command of the frigate Sin
Jacinto, lie salted for the Wert Indies, la
scorch of the Confederate cruiser Sumter
Ilia plans of operation Were (JiuncTii on
learning of the emhjrk.it inn nf Hi- IViq.
ffder.llcr nil--i,,i -. M . r, , rid Slide 11
tor Eurnpf, imrl I,,, ivr. m ].:,.] n. ];n:i-[i
mail-steamer Trent in mid-ocean, "ud
took from her the commissioners, who,
together with (lie captain of the Trent,
chimed Oio protection of fhu British flng.
under which they were wilting, no,
however, carried them to Boston. TJiU
act nro.1 loudly applauded hj- nil the
tvwli.' tif rlic N.irlli. und rcei ivi-d the np-
probation of the Navy Department and
of Congress, and the couinm-nnuers were
for nearly two mouths, held us prisouers-
of-wnr.
In spite of the apparent opposition of
the wliolo North, and in the face o( the
""illiii^iii-.j i if tin' p.. i. ph.. in i li:ii n war
with England rather than give them up,
the Stale Department determined In re-
lease them, and .Mr. Seward, tlio Secre-
tary of State, received the den initial ion
of the people, who were less conversant
with the r^j-Jirements of internal tonal
law, wide a exDrcwion of disapproval ran
so high as to ra tually endanger bis iwsi-
liao in tlio Cabinet, Subsequent events
allowed his wisdom, and it is one of the
many Instances In which Hid able Se-
cretary of State avoided corapliculiona
ivilh foreign go ""laments, all of which,
wve, perhaps, Auada, wero ready and
anxious to seize any pretext to acknow-
ledge Iho Southern Confederacy ns a nation. In 1802, Com-
modore Wilkes wis placed in command of the flotilla co-op.
cmling wilh the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula.
On Die wilhdr wal of McCJellnn's army from the Virginia
Peninsula. Commodore Wilkes organized a flying squadron
for the purpose of breaking up blockade-running between
Hie Sou them States and the West Indies. Me made many
Important captures. In July, 1609, he was promoted rear-
uiinirul, mid soon after placed on [ho rciired list, lie died
n Woa
ng-.;rj, D 0" Pebruarj blii, 1877.
CHARLES WILKEa
was bom in Fairfax County, Vn., on November Sd. 1708 ■
graduated in 1818 m (h,. University of Pennsylvania- stu-
died law at the eclcbralcd College of William and Mary ot
Virginia; practiced law; was eleclcd to the Slat.- f.e-"i0 men, for Major "White
had been too ill to march his litllo hand
as rapidly as tho others; hut, rather than
delay and uwnit Uioir arrival, Zagonyi de-
termined !o nice! the disparity in forces,
and to make an immediate attack. Turn-
ing around to bis men, ho oxclnlmoU :
"Follow me and do like mol Comrades,
tho hour of danger has como. Your first
battle is before you. Tho enemy is two
thousand strong, and wo uro but ono hnn
dred and fifty. It is possible no man will
come back. If any of you would turn back,
yon can do so now !" Cheers woro the only
responso that came from the inon, so eagei
wero they for tho eneuunter. Then Za-
gonyi shouted : "I will lead you I Let tho
watchword be, 'The Union and Fremont I'
Draw sabres! By tho right flank - quick
trot - march !" aud away they dashed, down
a narrow lane, into tho open, across a small
ver a rail-fence, to meet the
ing lino of infantry, flanked
on tho left by a body of cavalry. On they
go, notwitlistanoing that many have fallen
brook, and c
firo of a strr
ISO IN CAMP-KITCHEN OF THE FREMONT DRAGOONS.
1 62
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
TII£ SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
tSi
FEDEHAL TI!0U1\S (IF FKFMOSTS ARMY FOKAGIXlf IN' SIISSOtJKI.
under the heavy fire pouring in upon them, until,
lit il given signal, Lieutenant Majthenyi and thirty
men engage the Confederate cavalry, and Zngonyi's
commandj "Jn open ordir - charge!" is c.\eoutcd.
Then the engagement is at its
height,
The horsemen dash fiercely
iiitu the forco against them, cut-
ling to the right and left, and
in a few momenta the enemy ia
forced to break away in mid
disorder, both in the immediate
rront and in the direction where
ilnjtlieiivi had first engaged
tliom. J list aa this takes place,
t'autaiu McNuughtoii reaches the
seono with fifty men of Major
White's force. The order to fol-
low ia given, and all dash ahead
fur a second charge through the
woods, overtaking many of the
fugitives there, as well as in the
streets of Springfield and in
Hie forest beyond the city, re-
turning only when farther pur-
suit appeared useless.
Zagonyi's bravo followers suf-
fered a loss of eighty-lour dead
iirid wounded in this engage
ment, which, for the boldness of
iM undertaking and the rapidity
ol its execution under the sin-
gularly great disparity of num-
bers, certainly has hut few par-
allels in any history.
Upon hearing of this truly
brilliant achievement, the army
""as wild with enthusiasm, and
when Vngonyi's men reached
camp, they met with the ovation
they richly deserved on all sides,
besides receiving due mention in
general orders from the "on>
mandmji geuuraL
The troops behaved admirably during their re- Only once, while passing through Berryvillo, were
peated marches, through good and bad weather, and they successful in foraging on a large scale. Quite
notwithstanding the fact that "hard lack " alone an extensive poultry yard belonging to Southern
had, for (piite a while.
ly to be put up with, sy input his
a of the attack, whence,
after a spirited, somewhat hu-
morous and prolonged contest,
nil the innocents were captured,
tho living aa well as the dead,
and borno away in triumph.
On tho 1st of November, 1861,
part of Fremont's army lay on
the Ozark Hills around Spring-
field, and lost no time in arrang-
ing for the long - an ticipated
attack on Price ; bat on tho fol-
lowing day an order was received
directing him to turn over his
command to General David
Hunter. The latter being than
some distance in the rear, did
not arrive until midnight of tho
3d, while renewed preparations
"n being made for tho at-
Tlies
, ho
BCquently countermanded. Pre.
inont and his stall returned fa"
St. Louis early on tho 4th cf
November, and by the middle
of the latter month the Federal
army was ordered to retreat Iron
Springfield in the same direction
.JOHN rllAltl.KS FIlF.Mit.NT.
Savannah, Ga., Jnnuur}
JDBTDS McKISSTRY.
1813, Ili- fallier, who boil c
gniltil lo Georgia from Fruuec, iIImI
When be wm four years eld. providing
to give him a good uJuculion. He
frniihiii("l from (he Charleston (S.C.;
College in 1830; taught mallicraBlics
an J iiciuninted himself thofoogil.'
wfth ih"! science of engineering. In
this he acquired distinction, end *"
recommended for service In thr Vis
itaiDpI survey. The Gutuui>i3i
If)d
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIl'lI. WAR.
u b
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
I65
appreciating his services, made him second lieutenant o[ eisco. and successfully traversed ihecouolry of the Apaches,
engineers in 1838, in n Inch capacity lie was sent 10 make Comsncbcs and other tribes, arriving ui Sacramento on the
n survey of the Des Moines River. Pacific Coast, in one hundred days from Santa Fe, January,
In October, 1841, he eloped with nud married Jessie. Hie 18(0.
daughter of United Suites Senator Thomas II. Beoton. ami lie served as United Slates Senator from California, 1810
during Uie ill on ill of Slay following he was sent to cany lo 1851, spending the year 1S52. abroad, and in 1353 iniide
uiil Ids plnn ol explorations through the Rocky Mountains, nnoilier exploration of the Pacific, lu 1350 lie was uutul-
i,|iiili wife completed in Oclohcr in tho same year, and nalid for President as the first candidate of the newly funned
,|, -ifinlli aliniL'ttfl a great deal of alien lion. These were Republican parly, hut was defeated by llie elecUou nf James
followed 111 I1"!". I>J exploration " through Oiegon nudnloug Buchanan. He returned to California in 1853, and remained
■In I '.[i ifli < o.i-t, during which he successfully determined 011 the Coast until the early part of 1801, when he made
Ihi BcoErapliicol position of many important poinla in the another trip to Europe, in order to eu"ccuho salcof the large
l-'iit VVi-1 hitherto unknown, property he had acquired many years before in Mariposa.
In 1315 lie was appointed captnin by hrevel, nnd again Cal., in which tract the celebrated Yoseinlle Valley nud
journey d through lo the Pacific Coast on a more extended " Big Trees " arc located.
JUSTUS McKINSTRT.
Born in New York, from which State he was appointed
a cadet in the Military Academy at West Point in 1833;
entered the army, on bis graduation, as second lieutenant of
the First lofimlry ; in .de nssistaiil commissary of subsistence
in Seplcmher. 1838; promoted to a first lieutenancy lo
April. 1811, and lo nn ns-'isuni (jiinrler mastership, with the
rank ol captnin, in March 1847 ; was placed in command of
a company of volunteer* during the Mexican War. and pro-
moted to lie a bievet.major " for gallant and meritorious
conduct in the lialtles of Contrcrns and ChurubilSCO."
When at the breaking out of the Civil War, General Fre-
mont was placed in comuiiuul of the Department of Uie
West, with hen 1 1 quarters at St. Louis, and when by reason
GENERAL PRENTISS'S DIVISION ON ITS MARCH FKOM [RONTON TO CAPE GIKARDEATJ GATHERING StCESU OATS.
exploration ihnu miy of luc previous one- During the last
niniieit, hti encountered ninny severe hardships, I im-onco
strongly opposed in his advance by the Mcxicao Geuonil
Castro, whom lie delcnlcd. nlier quite 1 prolong ie-i-liiiu e.
He was elected Governor of California by the settlers in
1840, and received promotion to lieutennnt-colonel in the
iirniy 011 the lUtli of January. 1847. During Ida occupation
of the executive chair lie carried on negotiations with the
Mexicans by which the California Territory became a part
•■t the United Sfcucs.
On ihe breaking out of the Mcvicau War be was on the
point of entering the army ; but a charge of mutiny having
been preferred iigniuM him, he was court-martialed, mid seu-
Presidtut. however, refused to Indorse. Fremont neverthe-
less, resigned bis position in the army, and, toward the end
of the year 1848. he made another exploration, during which
he surveyed a new road from the Mississippi to Sau Frao-
Whilo abroad, he was notified of his appointment as a
major-general of volumecm, and immediately returned to
the Untied Stntei. receiving, shortly after his arrival. .Inly
Oih. 1861. the assignment of the Department of the West,
with headquarters at St. Louis.
On his arrival in St. Louis. November 8lh, he was given
au enthusiastic reception, receiving an address of welcome
from the citizens, who bad organized for him a large torch-
light procession, and had uniled lu the public presentation
to him of a aword-of-honor costing $1,000, inscribed:
On Ihe lllh of March. 18(12. he was placed in charge of
tbc Mountain Department. He was again nominated for
President by the Cleveland Convenlion in 1864, but soon
withdrew his name from the candidacy.
lie was made Governor of Arizona in 1878 and is now
(18811 living in retirement On Stuteu Island.
of the continued serious disiurhancea on the part of South-
ern sympathizers, it ivo9 found necessary to place Si. Louis
uudcr martial law. McKinsiry was appointed to ihe post of
provost-marshal. During his term of office he was mado a
brigadier-general. He fulHIhd admirably the requirements
of the position at a time when the execution of the laws,
and of all official acts, was attended with no small degree
of danger. By his direction, some of the most noted South-
ern abettors and disturbers of the pence were arrested, Ibus
preventing the possibility of serious outbreaks. He also
caused Ihe suspension of the Settling Sfiueurfan, Morning
Herald, and War Bulletin, charged trilb the publication of
disloyal articles ; his most Important act. however, while
holding office, being the execution of a deed of emancipa-
tion to two slaves belnogiug lo Thomas L. Sncad, of SU
Louis, the lallcr having, in the words of Fremont's procla-
malion of August 31st, 1861. "taken on active part with the
EXPERIMENTAL PRACTICE IN PO^'TONlNS-CONSTRUCTrNG KOPE SUSPENSION A
IS PRESENCE OF GENES
expeiumkn'',al practice in povtonixg- constructing rope suspension a>t
IN PRESENCE OP GKNE3AJ Slrcr.RLLAN A>D STAFF.
RUBBER PONTON BRIDGES AT CAMP ALEXANDER. NBAH WASHINGTON, D. C
l6S
CHE SOLDIER IN OUR CIl'lL WAR.
THE SOLDIER rN OUR CIVIL WAR.
10$
CAPTURE OF PADUCAH.
The soizuro, by tho Confederate General Polk, of
ioth Columbus and Hickman, Ky., OU the 4th of
September, and Iho consequent threatening of
Pudueah, ninilo it necessary for tlio
Federals to at onco occupy the latter
place, situated about forty-seven miles cast of Cairo,
utid occupying an important strategic position nt the
eonliuoneo of the Ohio and Tennessee Rivera.
The City of Cairo hud been reinforced and taken
possession of by General Fremont on the first of tho
previous mouth, and was then tho centre of a district
lately placed in command of General Grant, who, on
Thursday, the 5th of September, was in readiness
fcr the advance.
He had ordered tho embarkation, on the trans-
ports G. IT. Graham and IT. 11. #.. of both tlio
Ninth and tho Twelfth Illinois Infantry Regiments,
then commanded reflectively by Major Phillips and
Colonel McArthur, with Jour guns belonging to
Smith's Chicago Artillery, under Lieutenant Wil-
lard. and on the evening of the lost-named date he
left Cairo, preceded and followed by the gunboats
Tyler, Commodore Itodgers, and the Conentoga,
Captain Phelps, reaching Pudueah early the follow-
ing day.
The troops were immediately landed, and
marched throughout the city, the Ninth Regiment
finally locating in tho depot at the northern ter-
minus of tho Mobilo and Ohio Railway, and tho
Twelfth Regiment being ijiuirtored at tho Marine
Hospital. There was found at the depot a large
quantity of military stores of all kinds, valued ut
about $20,000. and much important mail matter at
tho post-office, all of which was seized.
Major Phillips then took five companies of tbt
infantry and Lieutenant Willard's guns to a point
nearly seven miles distant on tho railroad track,
whero a large bridge and trcstlework were burned,
and meeting no opposition on Iho line, rolnrned to
tho depot.
In the meantime, Commodore Rodgers had seized
the telegraph-office, and hearing that some Con-
federate vessels wore espcoted down the Tennessee
River, ho had ordered Captain Phelps to take the
Cnueafugii on a recorinoissanco. The latter had
proceeded but a short distance when a Confederate
steamer was scon endeavoring to escape. Clinso
was immediately given, and tho steamer was soon
run ashore and captured, being found to contain a
very valuable cargo of tobacco. Tho following day,
the Contttega captured two more vessels, making
three in all, which were afterward taken to Cairo.
m mJMm#Im
1 PADtTCAB BY GENERAL r.RANT. SEPTEMBER
I/O
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IJV OUR CIVIL WAR.
With tho new to ranking Paducah a permanent
?ontro, tho troops began, very ahwrtly niter their
arrival, to strengthen the approaches to tho town,
and with the aid of tho Eighth and tho Forty-first
Illinois, as well is the American Zouave, Regi-
ments, which arrived on tho 7th, constructed
cirthworks and other defenses in every direction.
i in the lllth of September they commenced build-
ing (i pontoon bridge across tho Ohio River, by
strongly anchoring together a number of coal-
)>:ir,'.
McClerke, of llic litter, and Colonel Dougherty, of
the T n'euty-sccond Illinois, wore both very severely
wounded, anil taken prisoners. Goncvnl Grant nnd
General MeClcniund each hud a horse shot under
liim. A second horse taken by McClornand being
wounded and unmanageable, ho mounted a gun
that had just been captured, and from it rallied his
men, displaying coolnass. and judgment that called
forth admiration frcm all, and received public
notice in the general order of the day following.
General Grant said: "It has been my fortune to
have been in all the battles fought in Mexico by
Jtenorals Scott and Taylor, save Uuonn Vista, and I
never saw one more hotly contested, or where troops
behaved with more gallantry."
FORT LAFAYETTE.
At the commencement of the Civil War. Fort
Lafayette was designated by the State Department
of the Federal tloverumont as the place of detention
for political prisoners.
It is situated at what is called tbe Narrows, which
is the entrance proper to the Hay of Mow York ;
and, in conjunction with Fort Hamilton, situated
on the bin IF at its rear on tbe Lour [aland shore, as
well as Fort Richmond on the opposite or Stnton
Island shore, formed at that period lbs main de-
fense to New York Harbor.
Fort Lafayette was built on a shoal entirely sur-
rounded by water, and about 350 yards from the
mainland. Its armament consisted of two rows of
heavy guns in bomb- pro" f casemate, besides a few
guns en bnrhelle. Owing to its peculiar quad-
mngnlar shape, it originally bore the name of Fort
Diamond, being afterward changed as above in
honor of the Marquis do Lafayette, who rendered
such signal services to this country during the Revo-
lution, and revisited this country in 1824,
During the progress of the Civil War, Fort La-
fayette held 11 largo number of prominent persons
as political prisoners, many of whom, however, re-
mained only until they were willing to lake tho
oath of tUeginmo to the United Slates Government.
Like in all arrest* For political offenses, many in-
nocent persons offered.
From tho list before us we give a few names :
James G. Borrott, Mayor of tho City of Washing-
ton, ]). (', ; Pierre llnller, prominent citizen 01
Philadelphia, 1'.,.; Cntain He Lagnol, Confederate
States Hiny, Alexandria, Va.; Joseph Howard,
journalist, New Y.irk City; Algernon S. Sullivan,
counsolor-ut-Iaw, Now York City; Marcus Cicero
Stanley, journalist. Hew York City ; Charles J.
Faulkner, ox-United States Minister to Franco;
S. Barron, flag-officer in Confederate States Navv
W. S. G. Andrews, commanding Forts Hattoms and
Clark; W. F. Martin, colonel Seventh Infantry,
North Carolina Volunteers (prisoners at tlie cap-
ture of Ilattoros Inlet); Charles P, Gtono, briga-
dier-general in command of tho Federal troops
defeated at the battle of Ball's Bluff; A. D. Whar-
ton, United States Navy, Tennessee ; Robert Tan-
sall, captain United States Marino Corps, Virginia;
Thomas S. Wilson, lieutenant United States Marino
Corps, Missouri ; U. B. Claibom and Hillary Genus,
midshipmen of tho United States Marine Corps,
New Orleans; and the crow and passengers of the
schooner Colonel Long, captured by tho Jamestown
UAKUISU STA'lL I'ltlSOKEHS AT FORT LAFAi'IS".
RETREAT OF THE CONFEDERATE GARRISOK. COMMANDED ET GENERAL DRAYTON, ™m
"IP '#■
g 9
RETREAT OP THE CONFEDERATE GARRISON. COMMANDBD BY GENFRAL P^ATTON. F1? SHIPPING the cotton crop captitri
1 84
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
1 85
SliffiMSH. SEAll EEiOFOBT, S. C, BETWEES CIWFEDEI1ATE CAVALRY AM) FEDERAL PICKETS.
GOVERNMENT WUltli* BEEOTED ON HILTON HEAD K
BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE, MARCH 6th, 1868 FEDERAL FORCES UNDER GENERALS CTTRTTS, SIGEt
Fhoii a Sketch ur a :'u>En
-. -
weal ,l%r
( *^ў?jg*iF$m*:
GOVERNMENT WORKS EREUTED US HILTON HEAD JSL/JiD. S . r., HV THE FEDERAL FOHOES CNDEU T. W. SHERMAN.
BATfLB Oi" PEA EIDGE, JUECU em, 180*.- FEDERAL FORCES UNDER
GENERALS CURTIS. SIOEL AN1 4SBOTH; CnXTEtPERATE ARMY COMMANDED BY GENERALS VAN DOHN, WilliE AMI AlcOULLUCU
1 88
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
i8y
U0U.ISIOB BETWEEN THE STEAM- TRANSPORTS "STAR OF THE SOUTH11
VSD THE "PELHLESS, Iff THE GREAT BTORM OP NOVEMBER 3d, 1601.
Iio rear from Tatnall'a steamers, to engage Fort
iVftlkor in front, uftor having enfiladed its wutcr-
lacos. This was carried out to tho letter. The
Bring began a little before- ten o'clock, and con-
'. i uued incessantly, until, at half -past one, signal
was given that both forts had been abandoned.
The liring of the fleet had been made at very
'. lo3o quarters since noon, and evidences of its tcrri-
>lo effect were manifest when tho forts were after-
ward taken possession of. Numbers of dead and
dying lay amidst dismounted and shattered guns in
ill directions, tho hospital building at Fort Walker
being shot through and through in many places.
Goneral Drayton's force, as was afterward shown,
i.ul been obliged to abandon everything, and retreat
I lustily across an open space that lay for a distance
of nearly a mile between the fort and some woods ir.
ilio direction of Bluffton, whilst the men at Fort
Beauregard hud retreated to St, Helena, Cat and
Porl Royal Islands.
The transfer on shore of all tho troops, who had
unwillingly remained merely spectators of the
ngugoment, was completed the samo evening.
1'ho loss of tho fleet was eight killed nud tweuty-
Ihreo wounded. None of the vessels wore per-
manently damaged, though the Pawnee received
nine shots, the Bienville five, and tho Wtthath was
struck us many as thirty-four times, and made to
leak badly.
The reoecupation of South Carolina soil was
cause for great rejoicing throughout the North, and
celebrations woro rendered the more- ox tensive
when, by a general order thanking the commanders
of the expedition, tho Secretaries of the Navy and
Army directed that a salute bo fired from each
navy yard in honor of the event.
General Sherman set about fortifying Hilton
Head and Bay Point, Fort Walker being called
Fort Welles, and Fort Beauregard named Fort
Seward, while Commodore Dupont organized armed
expeditions throughout the islands, which proved
everywhere successful.
On tho 9th of November, tho City of Beaufort
was captured, and its arsenal snlwrjuently destroyed
by the crew of the Seneca, and on tho 25th of tho
same month Big Tybeo Island, at the entrance to
the Savannah River, was also taken possession of,
and held in aid of the blockading squadron. All
(his was done without meeting any resistance what-
ever, the only stand made, in fact, by the Confede-
rates being at Port Royal Ferry, when, aa late as
the 31st of December, 1801, an expedition waa dis-
patched to destroy their earth works at that place.
It was understood that they had some 3,UU0 men
there under Generals Gregg and Pope. Com-
mander 0. R. P. Rogers took with him the Slim,
Ottawa, Pembina, Seneca, one ferryboat, and foui
of the large boats belonging to the Wabash, each
carrying a twelve-pounder, and was joined by Gen-
eral Stevens, with the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth
and Seventy-ninth New York, tho Eighth Michigan,
and tho Fifteenth and One Hundredth Pennsyl-
vania Regiments.
While some of the vessels ascended Broad River
and entered Whale Creek, the land force was car-
ried on tho other sido through the Ooosaw River,
meeting near tho Ferry, where, early tho ne\t morn,
ing, they attacked the enemy, doing quick work.
The Eighth Michigan Regiment was deployed as
skirmishers, and soon came upon a masked battery,
which, after a very bitter contest, was silenced with
tho aid of the Seventy-ninth New York and of the
gunboats. These kept pouring a hot fire into tho
woods, which soon caused tho Confederates to full
back, while another determined attack on the part
of the Fiftieth Pennsylvania Regiment, and the
howitzers in the Wabash boats, completed the task.
The abandoned works woro at once taken pos-
session of by the Federals, who returned to Beau
fort, after having burned and demolished every
thng of any importance in the vicinity.
GRAVES OK THE OFFICERS AM SEN OP THK FKDKBAL JOttUUS I
AT PORT HOTAL.
too
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
191
RECONNOITERTN<: DETACHMENTS OP BANKS S DIVISION - HYATTSTOWN, JID., IN THE DISTANCE.
GENERAL BANKS IN MARYLAND AND
THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.
On tbo 87th of July, 1861, Gonor.il N. P. Banks
was succeeded by General John A. Dix in tho com-
mand of tho Department of Pennsylvania, with
headquarters at Baltimore, and was appointed to tlio
command of the Department of the .Shenandoah,
relieving General Robert Patterson, who had just
been honorably discharged from tho service.
General Banks set about organizing tho forces
under his command, and at the time of the battle
of Ball's Bluff had them well stationed on the lino
of the Maryland wide of the Potomac Elver, extend-
ing between Durncstown and Williarusport. Hero
they remained, successfully doing their share in
guarding tho Capital and Stato against all possible
incursions from tho neighboring Confederates.
Ono of the positions held by some of the forces
under General Banks lay at Hyattstnwn, n beautiful
littlo village sitnated iu Montgomery County, Md.,
about thirty-five miles west of Washington. Hero
took place tho great review of Genoral Thomas's
largo lorce by tho commanding general ami his full
staff, utid from this locality date many notable
rceonnoissaneea. especially by the cavalry detach-
ments, which proved of great valuo iu tho subse-
quent advaneo upon Harper's Furrv.
Tho latter was effected under great difficulties
and hardships, but fortunately without the loss of
life that might well have occurred had not the
roads and tho positions of the opposing forces been
fitudiousty looked into, especially while encamped
"-"*
airitOlll'Tl) K1KLD-OVENH OP THE NINETEENTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEEI19, BA-SKd'
IQ2
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
1
.ill Jl
1 . 'I i|V||l.| llll
Wmmw^
w
m |
{ft
:"'!l.i! I,!.
'll'.lyi
111.3! 'foiiil I1!
,1
Bt(
'&''■
THE SOLDIER fiV OUR CIl'IL WAR.
'93
BTVOtUC OF 1MB FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS OF
it Ilyattstown. Added to the unusually heavy able to pull the wagons altor experiencing a number in tho opon wherever chance led thorn, the uflicera
.■Odds was the severity of tho weather, to encounter of falls. Tho men of tho Twolffch Massachusetts rejoicing, after the heavy march, in tho unusual
which tho troops were not suitably prepared. Their Infantry Regiment, among others, wore for that and comparatively fine, though not very roomy,
march through the thick woods was made under a reason compelled to haul their own baggage-train quarters afforded by a fow haystacks. In the
shilling rainstorm, which mude the narrow roads so through much o! the way. and. greatly overcome in excitement of tho moment, ovon tho necessarily
dippory that horses were, if many instances:, nn- consequence, were glad enough to rest for tho night limited rations were forgotten ; content were they to
GEKEKAL NdTUiNIEL P. BANKS AND STAFF
\\jrў 'trit!_jg_ggu, ho took possession more particularly of Charles-
ton, Lcesburg and Winchester, his command being
)t tacked at the last-Lamed place on the &Jd of
March, 1803, na will be seen hereafter, by tho forces
nndcr General " Stonewall " Jackson, which were
repulsed, after a heavy loss.
BATTLE OF DRANESVILL&
After the battle of Ball's Bluff, tho town of
Dranesville. from which Getier.il McCall had been
ordered to retire, was occupied by Confederate
troops, who sorely troubled tho Federals and the
loyal inhabitants throughout tliat sectiou of the
country by their frequent incursions on both the
Maryland and Virginia borders. They had grown
so bold in their demonstrations, and, by the middle
of December, had pushed their picket lines bo close
^icEuiEi issi t0 ttoB0 of th0 Fodenl,s< ihnt McCalI
obtained Genera! MoClellau's leavo tD
attack them, 'ind narrow their iield of operations.
SHELLING THE CONFEDERATE CAVALRY FROit THE B EIGHTS OF GREAT FALLS.
iK.1^wa js
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
'99
A Btumole opportunity for striking
the intended blow did not, however,
present itself nttil the 20th of thut
month, when Br.gadicr-general E. 0.
C. Ord was ordered to march on
lirnncsville, while tho brigades of
Generals J. F. Reynolds and George
G. Meade were to support him at
Difficult Creek.
General Orel's brigade, which, as
it happened, was the only ono en-
gaged, consisted of the Sixth, Ninth,
Tenth and Twelfth Pennsylvania
Infantry, besides the Buck tail Rifles,
live companies of tho First Pennsyl-
vania Cavalry, ami Captain H. Eus-
Imi's battery of four guns.
ft liad advanced to within two
miles of Dranosvillo, with Lieutenant-
colonel T. L. Kane's Buclctnil Hill.-.-.,
Colonel Bayard's cavalry and the
artillery in the lend, whon it was
■ ickcd t" v the Confederate force
undor Geiionil J. E. B. Stuart.
Tlio tatter's force cmbrarcd the
1-i.vst Kentucky, Sixth South Cam-
In^. Tenth Atahama and Eleventh
Virginia Infantry, under Colonels
r.ivlnr, Seerest, Forney and Garland,
libidos Captain Cutts's four pieces
ef artillery, and Major Gordon's
D of North Carolina Cavalry. SOLD]
Tliia forco had thut morning set
",it from Draucsvillo with two hundred wagons on
.1 foraging expedition.
Tho Eleventh Virginia and the Sixth South Caro-
lina came suddenly upon tlic head of the line, and
fur a moment forced it back ; but tho Sixth and
Ninth Pennsylvania coming up to its support, and
i '.iptuin Euston's battery being placed upon a slight
i mi nonce that commanded Captain Cutts's artil-
■nry, the lost ground was fully made up, and the
''uufederatos in turn gave way.
General McCall, who, with his staff, now readied
ilio scone of action, found the enemy about making
an effort to turn the Federal left, and immediately
notified Colonel McCulmont of the danger threaten-
ing his men.
When the Confederate infantry and cavalry de-
bouched from the woods, they were met by a com-
bined fire from the Fedora! infantry ami artillery,
which compelled them to retire to their former
position. They were at the same timo repulsed
by the right and centre, and under an enfilading
fire directed by General Ord upon their rignt and
rear, the entire Confederate hue soon broko in dis-
order, and dually disappeared in a complete rout.
Upon reaching the position which had been occu-
pied by the Confederate artillery, evidences wero
patent of the effective work done by Captain
Boston's twelve and twenty-four pounders. The
road was strewed with the dead and wounded men.
as woll as horses, many broken wagons, and the
remains of one of the caissons that had beeu ex-
ploded by a shell.
The Confederates lost 43 killed and 143 wounded,
besides some prisoners, tho arms, ammunition and
clothing abandoned in tho flight, anil full 16 wagon-
loads of hay and 22 loads of corn, which General
McCall oollcctcd and took away.
A small part of the Confederate loss was duo to
the error committed by their First Kentucky Regi.
merit firing upon the advancing Sixth South Caro-
lina Regiment, supposing the latter to be Federals.
Colonel Thomas Taylor, of the First Kentucky,
soon afterward came upon another regiment, with-
out marked distinguishing ngns, and to guard
against the possibility of another mistake, called
out :
'Who
IMOIDBNT IN TUG
"The colonel of the Ninth," was the reply.
"Of what Ninth?"
'■The Ninth Pennsylvania," answered its colonol,
S. F. Jackson, at the same time ordering a fire that
did terriblo execution.
Near the exploded caisson lay a wounded Con-
federate, who, while being carried to a neighboring
house by Colonel J. II. Taggart's orders, exclaimed :
"Wo whipped you at Manassas, but you have tho
best of us to-day."
Although severely wounded, he appeared in good
spirits, and attracted much sympathy; but not-
withstanding tho care given him by thoso surround-
ing him, he passed away, after being placer! on a
mattress, and asking for one more cup of water to
allay the great thirst that seemed to bo devouring
him.
Tin: Federals lost 7 killed and GO wounded.
Tin! panned the enemy for nearly a mile, hut unu-
\ailingh. and came back to tho scene of conflict,
whence General McCall ordered them to proceed on
their return march the fame evening. To have
tried to maintain the position gained would have
been useless, since but little ammunition remained,
ami the Confederates could, hividos. at any moment,
throw from Centrevillo immense bodies of troop*
between Drauesville and MeCall's camp.
THE CAPTURE OF ROANOKE ISLAND.
Elizabeth City, Edkntos, Wintok, Plymouth.
The naval expeditions which had been dispatched
from Hampton Roads had proved so successful
that the Government decided upon organizing
another one, in order to secure Roanoke Island,
which was the key to two sounds protecting a large
portion of North Carolina, as well as an important
section of Virginia.
General Ambrose E.Burnsido ms appointed Com-
mander-in-chief of the entire expedition. The
naval portion embraced twenty light-draught ves-
sels, carrying about fifty guns, viz.: the Slam and
Stripes, Louuiann, Hetiel, Underwriter, Delaware
and Volleij City, under Lieutenants Commanding
"Wonien, Murray, Davenport, Leffers, Quacken-
bush and Chaplin; tlio South-field and Hunchback.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
t'l^i^f'TOi
THE SOLDIER IX OUR CIVIL WAR.
201
miller Acting Vorrjnme? T lentenanta Commanding
Benin and Calhoun ; ami (tie Hone, WhUthtad,
Seymour, Skawshem, Lockwood, Ceres. Genera!
Putnam. Drinker, Granite, C'.intnodore Perry,
Qommodort Barney and Whitehall, unJcr Acting
Hasten Hayes, French, Well^ Woodward, Graves,
SfcDiannid, Holehkiss, Giddings, Boomer, Flusser,
Renshaw. and West. Tliia part of the expedition
tia& nloced in charge of Flag-officer Louis SI.
Goldaborough, then the commander of the North
Allimtin sn:mdron.
Tho military division comprised about 10,000
men, carried by about 40 transport*, and was
led into three 1
irGonoml John
Tho First Brigade,
cd tho Tenth
-"-t i--
,,l I
Twenty-nrth and Twonl ,-iMli Mmmchnwtti Regi-
ments. The Second Brigade, under Qem raJ. Ji isic
[.. Reno, included the Sixth Now II. imp-hire,
Ninth New Jersey, Twenty-first Mu- 1. Im-its.
Fifty-first New York and Fifty-Bret Pennsylvania
Regiments. Tho Third Brigade, under General John
(!. Parka, included the Fourth and a battalion of
tho Fifth Rhode Island, the Eighth and Eleventh
Connecticut, and tho Fifty-third and Eighty-ninth
Now York Regiments of Infantry, besides Bel? Jar's
Ithode Island Battery of C gnus, which was served
by 100 men and 120 horses.
Tho following gunboats also formed part of tho
military division, \h.: Tho Picket, Burnside'a flag-
ship, Pioneer, Hussar, Chasseur, Ranger, Lancer
ami Videlti, commanded by Captains and Acting
Captains Ives, linker, Crocker, West, Childs and
Morloy.
This force ol gunboats was divided into two
columns, and placed in charge of Commanders
Samuel F. Hazard and Stephen C. Rowan.
The active expedition left Hampton Roads on tho
evening of Sunday, tho 11th of January, 1802,
many of the vessels reaching Hattoras Inlet tho
following day, although having been detained on
the way by qui to a heavy fog. Such as had not,
however, readied tho Inlet on Monday evening
woro smitten by ono of tho severest northwestern
galea known in that locality, Tho tei
violent that it was impossible for o
iny of the v
•s, by rcaso
> Or other \vi
r tho two follow
white
of tllO
Ml..
oshoro. Among tlio latter was the
of New York, Captain Nye, which
in sight of many others that coul
assistance. Only a portion of her
o of their
:, and went
sport City
i to pieces
ider it no
was saved.
-i- .■*■'■:.' . iuing the whole of the -itfc of January
nearly all had been lashed to the rigging, in ordei
to prevent their being swept overboard. The
steamers Louisiana, Zouace and Porohontae, as
well us tho floating battery Grapeshot, which was in
tow of tho Xeio Brunswick, were bIso wrecked,
though all on board were saved. A collision also
occurred during tho storm between the Cof^ack and
the Hope, without, however, causing any permanent
damage or any loss of lifo. The only losses ware
those already mentioned and that of Colonel J. W.
Allen and Surgeon Weller, belonging to the Niinh
New Jersey Regiment, who, in company with Sec-
ond Officer Taylor, of tho transport.! mi E. Thump
son, tried to render assistance to those on shoro,
and who were all three drowned by the swamping
of their boat.
During the continnanco of the terrible storm all
the officers exhibited the greatest heroism, General
Burnsido notably distinguishing himself by his con-
tinued efforts to assist in all directions. His littla
flagship Picket was seen running to and fro where
danger seemed the greatest, the goneral often giving
orders while standing on the rail and holding on to
tho ropes.
It was not until January 28th that all tho sur-
viving vessels had passed through Hattoras Inlet,
and it afterward took several days to complete
preparations for tho intended attack on Roanoke
The lattor place was then under the command of
Colonol Shaw, of tho Eighth North Carolina Regi-
ment, as General Henry A. Wise happened to bo
lying ill at Nag's Head, and his forces consisted of
tho Eighth and Thirty-first, as well as of three com-
panies of tho Seventeenth, North Carolina Regi-
ments, under Colonels H.M.Shaw, J.N. Jordan,
Major G. H. Hill, besides 450 men nnder Colonol
Anderson. Tho fortifications on the island and in
its immediate vicinity contained over forty guns.
Obstructions of piles and sunken vessels had been
placed in Croatan Sound, and behind these lay a
flotilla of eight vessels with eleven (runs andei
Lieutenant W. F. Lynch.
GUARDHOUSE AT LANGLET, YA., WITH CONFEDERATE PRISONERS, AFTER THE BATTLE OF DRANESVILLE.
BATTLE OF ROANOKE ISLAND. FEBRUARY 8m, 1882- DECISIVE BAYONET CHARGI
r^fvW'-
BATTLE OF ROANOKE ISLAND. F£REUARY Sm, 186a- DECISIVE BAYONET CHAROE
E NINTH NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS ON THE CONFEDERATE THREEGUN BATTEHY.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
DEATH OF COLON'F.r,
. W. AI.T.EX, 60H0EON SELLER, AND THE SECOND MATE OF THE '
WEAIt UATTEKA9 INLET JANUARY l.r,Tir, jSUI
E. THOMPSON,
1 CHITED STATE FLEET AH9 TBA>"SPORTS OFF HATTER \F< PTJTilVG A STORM - GENERA!, BCRSSIDE OITIMG OBDEES.
TH£ SOLDIER IjV OUR CIVIL. WAR.
205
dn tho 4th of February, tDn mile steamer
Pattixenl was sent to all the vessels of
•mi™ . tjie jjce^ ^.^ or,]era to adva-^ atHj
un flic TolloK-ing morning they proceeded, with gun-
1..UU in the lead, onder Commander Rowan. Re-
ironnnissanccs were made on the Cth, and at ten
o'clock of the 7th, Flag-officer Ooldsborough, having
hoisted on the Soulhfield or the Philadelphia the
signal, "This day our country expects every man in
■J,;, hi-* duly," ordered tho gunboats ahead in three
tolumns. These were led respectively by the Slurs
md Strives, the Louwuna and the Hetiel, all of
The transports had meanwhile come up to Ash-
by's Harbor, and effected a landing, after the gun-
boats had dispersed a body of 2,000 Confederates,
who had been stationed there in anticipation of
their arrival.
By midnight nearly eleven thousand troops had
reached shore, most of them after wading several
hundred feet through mud fully knee-deep, and in
the midst of a cold rainstorm, but very few of the
email-bouts could proceed fur enough through tho
shallow water.
At seven o'clock the nest morning tho troops
food, and early on the 9th resumed their march,
which soon brought them face to fan. with the
Confederate skirmishers, whom they drove into
their earthworks.
Foster opened fire npon these with six how-
itzers, under Midshipman B. F. Porter, and with
the Twenty-third and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts
Regiments, on which tho excellent filing of tho
Confederate sharpshooters was telling heavily until
dispersed by tho Twenty- fourth Massachusetts, who
succeeded in dislodging them from tho woods where
they had lain hidden. Thu Tenth Connecticut end
MAP UP ROAH>
LAND, N. C, AND THE CONr'EUEElATE FOltTS.
whom, 0110 hour inter, were engaged in tho hom-
brdmont of Fort Bartow, situated oil Pork Point,
and mounting nine guns.
The fire was soon directed on all tho batteries, aa
well as on Lyueh's flotilla, which had como forward
and joined in tho fray, diverting much of tho fleet's
attention. The littlo Confederate fleet was, before
long, compelled to retire, with its largest steamer,
tlio Curlew, so badlv disabled as to compel its being
■leached under cover of Fort Forrest, situated on
Hi1* main land. The whole attention of tho fleet
■1 as then cennvd on Fort liariow, and at about one
o'clock its flagstaff had been shot away, its barracks
were in flame*, and two hours later it bad entirely
erased firing.
advanced in three columns, under Generals Foster,
Reno and Parke, toward the entrenchments located
in tho interior of the island, where nearly all tho
Confederates had repaired from the redoubts.
There, also. Genera! Wise - who, notwithstanding
his illness, directed ul] the Confederate movements -
had stiit ten companies of the Wise Legion, under
command of ht3 con, Captain 0. Jennings Wise,
and of ".Jcii tenant-colonel Frank Anderson.
Tho advance was a dangerous as well us a ditli-
cnlt one, by reason of an intervening swan
extended almost across the island, and w
covered by water or brushwood nearly its t
tauco. At night the troops remained un
in a. heavy rainstorm, without shelter oi
i, which
1 cither
T won ty -sixth ilsemohuBetta were also ordeted ;p,
and stood ineir ground well under (he well-directed
firo from (he earthworks, while Reno's and Parke'i
brigades were coining up to turn the Confederal*
left flank.
Reno's foice plowed ahead on Foster's right, and
was soon confronted by tho Wise Legion, with
whom it had a fierce encounter, but which it finally
drove back, with heavy losses on both sides, includ-
ing the wounding of young Wise. The fire had, in
tho meantime, continued actively at tho right, the
artillery doing a great deal of havoo in all direc-
tions. Finally the ammunition began to givt out.
Nothing was left but to charge tho earthworku am?
thii was speedily decided upon.
20&
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL IV A R
.?o;
Major E. A. Kimball, jf Hawkina'8 Ninth New
r"ork Zouaves, offered to lead tho bayonet-charge,
snd while Reno's brigade was advancing toward tho
Confederate left, and Parko stood on its right, the
Zouaves rushed forward, crying: " Zou, zou,zou,
^/(/"accompanied by Colonel Hawking, and fol-
lowed by tho Tenth Connecticut. The earthworks
vcro soon enfiladed from both sides in such a way
ILj to necessitate tlio flight of its occupants. Tho
Federals climbed over the parapsta of tho three-gun
battery to find that tho guns hud oven been left nn-
Bpikod: and that all tho enemy's dead and wounded
had been hurriedly abandoned in a retreat toward
Nag's Head, on tho other side of Roanoke- Sound.
Tho Twenty-Brut MassachuHotts and tho Fifty-first
Neff York, who had come up on the Confederate
right, were the first to plant their Hags on the bat-
tery, and they afterward followed tne fast-retreat-
ing troops to tho river, where about 200 Confede-
rates, including Captain Tise, who proved to have
boon fatally wounded, wero taken prisoners. At
Die samo time Reno had received tho surrender of
Colonel Jordan's force, and Foster, while pushing
on toward tho northern portion of tho island, had
been met by a ilug-nf-tnieo asking what terms of
, ijjitnlalinn would bo granted. Foster demanded
the unconditional surrender of Shuw's troops,
ivliioh was acceded to, and about 2,00U moro prifl.
jiiei!! laid down their wins.
Attention was now given to Fort Bartow, which,
with a small force, had resumed a desultory tiro
with the gunboats. It was soon occupied. er-J
from it the signal, •' Tho fort is ours 1" given to the
r>et.
Tho Federal loss was reported ot 235 killed and
wounded, that cf tho Confederates being n.neh
greater. The latter lost nearly 3,01)0 in prisoners.
besides over 3,000 stand of arms and 42 heavy
guns.
Colonel Charles 3. Russell, of tho Tenth Con-
necticut, and Lioiitouant-colonel Vigier do Jlon-
tcnil. of tho Ninth Nov; York, were among tho
killed on tho Federal side. Tho Federal licet lost
G killed and 19 wounded.
Tho Confederate lleet had gone unite n distance
up Albemarle Sound to Elizabeth City, after sottinp
lire to tho Curlew and to tho bnrrnoks at Itedstom
Point. Commander Rowan was ordered tc purauf
it. and at tho samo time to destroy pari of tho
Albemarle and Chcsapciiko Canal.
Early on tho 10th. Rowan startid ahead with
Fnmi'.n im 'our'ccu vessels, nnd in the river nur
Elizabeth City ho met Lynch "a eight
vessels, close by a battery of four gr.ns, that- had
been erected on shore. Tho engagement lusted bni
forty-five minutes. Deeming tho ease hopeless,
Lynch signaled to abandon tho vessels, and tliej
were accordingly run ashore and set £ro to. Oul"
SWORD PUESEHTED TO GENfclllAL BUa&tUBB Bi TBB ffTATE OF IlIIODfc ISM HP.
20&
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CJ TIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
20g
one, tho Ellin, escaped total destruction, and was
afterward added to the Federal fleet, who-e loss
in tlie encounter was two killed and six wounded.
An instance of e.itraordinary bravery was re-
ported in connection with the liiat named engage-
ment. A Confederate shell had entered close by
the magazine of the Valley Oily, and hud eet fire
to some of the woodwork. One of the gnnncrs,
indued John Davis, seated himself upon, and other-
wise protected, an open barrel of gunpowder, from
irhich he had been serving his gnn, until the lire
Jiinl been extinguished, nnd tints prevented the
frightful loss which would have resulted from an
exiilosion. For this the Secretary of the Nnvy
e" 11 :ifter made him acting gunner, and raised
liia Hilary from MOO to fcl.ouu a year, and Congress
ordered the presentation to him of a medal of
hew or, bearing the words r " PERSONAL Valor-
JoiiS DAVIS, Gusxeb's .Mate, U. S. S. Valley City,
Album irlo Sound, February 10th, 18U2."
The Confederates, in their flight, set fire to
Elizabeth City; but tho flames wore extinguished
by ihc troops, assisted by the colored people who
would not desert their old lionies.
Tho following day Rowan sent out Lieutenant
A. Maury to tako possession of Edeutou, which he
did, without opposition. Ho destroyed a schooner
..ii the stocks and eight cannons, and captured
two H-liiHuiciH, with 4,000 bushels of corn,
On 1 1 1 < < lBth of Febriinry some of iho vessels
wero ordered to proceed under Lieulunant .letters
GENERAL BURN;
; UN TUd ROA
Rowan, which emliniccd tho seven gunboats,
Delaware, flagship. Stars ami Nlripes, Uetzel,
Pecalur, Ohio. Perry, and St. Lawnnce.
They arrived off Slocum's Creek in the
LIEUTENANT TILLOTTSOH'd NAVAL [LATTERY
AT THE BATTLE
tn the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal, in order d
i" Plymouth, on
Albemarle Sound, on approaching which the vessels
were Hied upon from the river bunks. Commander
Itowan ordered the town to lie shelled, and it was
ioou destroyed.
BATTLE OF NEW BERNE, N. C
OCCFPATIOK OF WaSUISOTON, MOREHF.AD ClTY,
and Beaufort, N. C.
On the 13th of March, an ex edition consisting
ii.'.™ "f nearly the full brigades of Gen-
erals Foster, Parke and Reno, num-
bering altogether about ti.OOO men, besides a de-
tachment of the Union Const Guard, three
com (tames of marines, and McCook's battery, took
passage at Hatteras Inlet, with General Bnrnside
and stiff, in the steamers Alice Price, Mew Brma-
""*, Ptduseni aud Pilot Boy. These wero pre-
ceded by the naval force under Commander
CENTRAL DIVISION.
OF NEW BEKNE, N. C.
iembarked the follow in" dav, i
•A upon New Bornr.
General Bi'-oich was in chargi
rate foicesat the latter |>h
UNDER LIEUTENANT McCOOK
ndvi
DJI NE*V BERNE TU BEAUFORT, N. C.
regiments of infantry, SOU cavalry, nnd IS pieces
of artillery, nearly all distributed in live fortifica-
tions along tho rivor.
The fight lasted all day with varying successos,
until the Federals carried the earth-
works by assault, and forced the Con-
federates to flight. The gunboats aftor-
ward cleared the obstructions and came
up to New Berne, which was taken pos-
==g£ session of, as well as tho forts.
The Federal loss was 5:"j? ; tho Con-
federates losing 6T8 in killed, wounded
3* .>?"'- and prisoners, besides '.' steamboats,
b'Z guns, am munition, etc., etc.
On the -0th of March, Colonel
Stevenson took a force, under convoy
of three gu about s, to operate against
Washington, on th" Pamlico Rivor,
where they lauded without opposition.
On Sunday the 23d, another ex-
pedition, consisting of gunboats and
of tho brigade under General Purko,
had reached and taken possession of
Morehead City, at the terminus of the
Atlantic and North Carolina Railway,
and two days later, Beaufort was oc-
cupied without opposition, and left in
charge of the Fourth Rhode Island
and Eighth Connecticut Regiments,
the other troops being engaged in prep-
arations for ihc attack on Fort Macon.
Major John H. Allen, of the Fourth Rhode
Island.
jvost Marshal if Kcau-
i iking himself very popular
of his difficult duties.
BEADyU ARTE ltd OK GENERAL BURNSIDE AT NEW BERNE, N. 0.
BEMGUJG 0ONPEDER4.TE PMSUiJiiKS WTO THJi HAl'IUHEU (JA*
8RINU1NU CONFEDERATE PI11SO.NEBS liJIO THE CAPTURED Will] btillND FORT I1UGER, ROANOKE ISLAND, AFTER THE BATTLE.
nmM " fr***! n goon.
212
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
Mi II
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
2IJ
JAMES 8. NEGLET.
Bonn I" AJIcghajjy County,
>a., In 1830; served throairh-
nui the Mexican Wei as a
private soldier, although against
■in- wiiln^ of his parents, he be-
in; 0 minor ; received a com-
plimentary discharge, from the
Sacrrtsry of War on account ol
hi* age, which lie refused, mid
remained with hit company un
III lliu cIogc of the war. At
lilt! cull for volunleeni in IS6I,
ti,. was appointed ihird brign-
,|i r general, commanding; the
entire western portion of Iho
Slate of Pennsylvania, llewas
peculiarly efficient us an otgaa-
1 .r His brigade:, consisting
of Hie Seventy -seventh, Bev-
iniy-elghth and Seventy.nlmh
I', riniylvnniffl Volunteers, was
ordered to Kentucky to rein-
farce tlic Federal ormy opcr-
■1 - Ibf-'TO, and he dispatched
1.. hi down Iho Ohio on six
FASCINES AND QABIONB.
Tni! making <■( these forms
I ■ irl iif Ihc iastractinn given
in soldier la establishing
iti'jini nf defense. Fascines
tin mnde by securing together
indies of (ticks or branches,
nnd are used for raising bnt-
1 . Li-!, filling ditches and miik-
liig parapets. Gabions arc
I llniv cylinileni of wicker work
villi eat-lli, which serve
1 101 soldiers from the
1 lire.
A DARING EXPLOIT.
Wllll.il Licilteaont A. D.
Karroll was in command of
■be steamer Union, of the Polo-
nine llulilhi, ho learned that
In: ( 'on fi 'derate* hud colUil'd
n QuontfCfl or Dumfries Creek ight, and
early on the 10th moved tip Abbot's
Creek and reached I'rostonburg at
about eight o'clock tfio following morning. It was
nut, huwovii', until after twolvo (bat Garfield liad
completed Ins arrangements for the attack. Then,
sending u small forco of cavalry to discover the
exact position of tho enemy, bu followed with
another along tho brow of the hill, after placing
his artillery in a position to sweep all approach from
the creek. Tho right of tl Ivnncing column soon
JAJ[J:S A. GARFIELD.
came upon Colonel Trigg's Fifty-fourth Virginia
[teg supporting the artillery near the Cross
Roads, and .1 lively fight ensued, tho Confederate
gnus being, however, too badly served to effect much
damage, lteinforcements having reached both Hides,
tho fighting continued from one crest to another,
along the line, until toward four o'clock, when,
Colonel Sheldon's force of 700 men having arrived
from Pumtville, Garfield pressed still further the
advantage gained, and ordered tho entire reserve
to advance and silence the enemy's guns, liy dark
the enemy had been driven from all his positions,
and Marshall bad begun a retreat which continued
a9 far as Abingdon, across the Clinch lliver, into
Virginia. Such stores us bud not been burned by
Marshall were taken possession of and carried away,
when a few days later tho Federals returned to
Paintville.
The Confederate loss v.as imported at 00 killed
besides about 100 wounded and made prisoners.
while that of the Federals was said to be only 3
killed and 25 wounded.
For In- services on tho occasion. Colonel Garfield
was mad? a brigadier-general tho day following the
engagement at I'restoubnrg.
JAMES A. GARFIELD.
Boas at Orange, Cuyahoga County, O., November tfuli,
1831 : lost his father at a very 1 iriyofje, nadl ica drirei
of tow-horses on ono of the Western canals, until able to
enter the Ohio Western ttcservi Ei ia Ik ln-mm. ; afterward
continual bis studios at Williams CoQcgi . Unas . whence lie
graduated in 1830, with tho very highest honors; returned to
hia native Slate, where ha became a clergyman, and Inter on
whs ;i|i|"iinh.l in llir.- |imir liiui gout |iii]in[iirily,
sail in itCHMjo. ho wai called la i s.-it in tho Ohio Soaiile.
When tlta Civil War broke oul in IBM, he lendercd Ins
eervleis lo the U11ia.1l Stales Government, nnd "ct about
cutirclv rcenilliae in his unlive Slate, soon rnlering (hi- ser-
vice at the build of llio Forty-second Regimen I of Ohio Vol
unteets. On the 1 i(h of January, 1803, lie was ]i jmoled lo
ahrlgnilior-gcncralship, for having, with less than ), 000 men
of hi* Eighteenth llngnh-. defeat nl tn::irly (wire lh.it nuinhur
of Con fnhr; lies under General Humphrey Marshall, m Mid-
dle Creek, near Prcstonbiirg, ICy. During April, 1882, lin
look part in the battle of Sliilnli. i uaioiioiiliiig the Twentieth
Brigade of the Anny of llio Ohio under (Si ncni! Hnell, com
posctl of Hie Thirteenth Michigan, Fifty-firel Indiana, and
the Si sty- f"u rlh and Sixty-fifth Ohio Regiments. He like-
wi in.! nl I'.irinlli, u-liii li lie1 Ki-diT.ils limk |Hi.-Lvi-ioii of
oa the 20lli of May, 1802. On the llhh of September, ISO!),
ho was miiile a mnjnr-gcaenil of volunteers for gallantry nt
Luc bailie of Ouickumniijpi. when*, us chief of shift la Genera!
Rosecmns, ho so aided Queers! Tuomils as to Ensure the
safety of (lie Federal army. Hu continued lo servo under
Hosoomes until the commcnecmcnt of the tollawiufi Decem-
ber, when he Ii>ij;iii-<1 his posHIn in rln- Jinny <■> lake his
seat us a member of the Thirty -oitjlitfc Cbogrcss, la whicli ho
hud jn-l been eleetivl, lie was teclcc'cd al every mi Ccessivo
term, and thas eonliuueil to rcrirescol his unlive Slate, uulil
called bj it to the United Stales Senate, iu January, 1880.
In the Pall of llio latlcrycar he was dueled President of
the United Stales, and wiv. duly inn ununited as saeh on tho
-1th uf Mnreh, 1881. Oa tho 2d of July following ho was
shot liy Guiteau, in the Cily of Washington, D. C, and
died of his wounds at Elberon, K. J., on the lfllh of Septem-
ber of llie sauin year.
The grief of the nation nt the loss of their Chief Miaris-
Inite was universal, the South vying with Lbu North In
its expression of sorrow.
BEJJERAL TROOPS REULIIDIX^ TUE UKlIlijE OVER BACON 5 CBEEE, S.7
VIEW OP NEW BERNE. N. O, FROM THE INTERIOR OP FOP" THOMPSON, AFTR7I THE OAPTTTI
huton head, a c- government works ejected eoi
VIEW OP NEW BEHNE, N. O, FROM THE INTERIOR OF FOP,, THOMPSON, AFTER TUB nAPTTTRE PY IUE FEUEUAI, ['OliCES - BmiNTNii ROSm-AVORKS. RAILWAY URIDGE AND NAVAL STORES.
HILTON HEAD, S. 0.- GOVERNMENT WORKS EJECTED EOIVTlljr COMFOET OF THE FEDERAL AI1MV OK OUUUI'ATloN.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CfTTL WAR..
THE SOLDIER fjV OUR CIVIL WAR.
221
THJi BATTLE OF MILL SPEIXG.
To the second important engagement of the
/ear I8C2, tha names of Beach Grove, Fishing
Creek, Somerset, and Logan's Cross Roads, have
been given, although it was actually fought at the
last mentioned place, about midway between Mill
Spring "nd Somerset. Like the battle of Preston-
burg, it proved to bo a victory for the Federals.
Tha Confederate General FeTjx K. Zollicoffer had
Btronglv entrenched his force both at Beach Grove
nml at Mill Spring, on tlio oppoiite side of the
Cumberland Itiver, early in January, and bad
meet the advancing force under General Thomas.
ZollicotTcr's brigado comprised ono Mississippi
and three Tennessee regiments, with Captain Rut-
ledgo's battery of four gnus; and Carroll's brigado
embraced three Tennessee regiments, with Captain
MeClung'a battery of two guns, tbo reserve consist-
ing of one Alabama regiment and two battalions of
cavalry, making a total of nearly 5,000 men.
General Thomas's force consisted of the Second
Minnesota, Fuirth and Twelfth Kentucky, Ninth
Ohio and Tenth Indiana Regiments of Infantry, u
detachment 'if U'.lford's Kentucky Cavalry, and
three batteries of artillery under Captains Kinney,
field, in order to sopurnte tha Pem-rai position!,
but General Thomas., who happened nrar, and satf
tho likelihood of a Hanking movement, ordered up
tho Ninth Ohio. Colonel R. L. McCook, and tha
Second Minnesota, Colonel E. P. Van Clove. Tho
Confederates' advance, which had likewise been
strengthened by Carroll's brigado, then opened a
most galling tiro upon tho Federals. This was
barely withstood by tho latter until Colonel W . A.
Ilnskins's Twolfth Kentucky Rogimout lu.i come
up to thoir aid.
The contest now becamo more sovt^j than over,
and although tho Confederate artillery occupied a
DEATH] Of QENEltU. ZOLLICOFFER, ON THK
oeen joined by tho troops under Monornl Carroll,
as well us by Major-general Gcofgo B. Crittcn-
in-ii, who hail then taken tin. chief command.
Ii was known to them that Goneral George II.
I'l as had divided hie forces, leaving tho smullor
l< tii.mi with General Scl \il iluringtblM yw*. optmruig
against ihe don is. unit Ihtncp procet- icd Uj China where lie
"mniiiLii duriuy the tnnihlesome period when Ihnl empire
as at war with tha united forces of Englund uud Fti c[ Ponilum
p rti ED 1- ihinit transferred to Ilia Depart meat of the
West, mil given 'I mnanit of 11 flotilla to open the iiavi-
S. II. D1IITT.
big day nt Logan's Cross Roads, but ween Ills force urn! that
of General Thi. i'lj. which lasted till niglil laid Ml in. and
resulted in Ills ricu.._ is well ns in Ibe evacuation of Ihe Con-
federate camp), wbieh were taken possession of, with a largo
amount or war material, by Ihu Federal Iraajts. lie; death
was a |;ri-.ii loss 10 the Confederate* lie na kOcd white iu
the advance, directing the iiiovemcaJ .if fab troops, being
wounded in (lie breast ui He tlleu wen! on a cruise U|KHI the coast of
Oiiiin in Jluury Coanly, Tern
..May I'.llh. 1813;
; eiilered u print'
".'-'llliv ;it a very i-.irly age,
;il:iuil in clinrffo of a small nc<
v-|..,|m r pnllllfllCd
Mi" lown of Pari., in Ids
iiue cilitor or tlio r,.l uta
" one ^.ir
liter, mid was Ihe EM tie I'lin'n
■ ihoioi: tb. years
<-■-■--, taking the editorship
of Hie Nashville.
'Some/ in 18*8. He was a inn
mid in Iho conduct of his scvei
ul eilitorial eater-
11-". ilisplnycd bo much nullity
CSlO win forliim-
■U a ]>roiniueiit repuliilion in
the [. Thence he iuvailnl Kentucky,
eupylug tirbiiai
h"tt ,
king Camp Wild Cat. or Crab Or-
if which Zollicoller was 1
vhich General Seuocpf Imd taker
naad. He tulsequonlly enlrrnehw
b bimlw of the Cumberland River
; and t
'"-'ar.v,im"i, on ihe lSlh of January, 16*12. lo prc-
yeul tin, junc,!nil ot QL.npra] TlLnmusis forre8
■"•o tbwe led by General Schocpf.
in i>t. After ,1
li.ioi fought cagngemcDl he received ilic surrender of hland
tta. 10, on the 7th of April, 1803, sad was about eugaging in
ninth, r important nmveiiitnt. whe:i bis loui;-uej(licled wound
liim 0, relinijiiisli all netive duly, lie resigned 111?
tipinmaiul in the navy, nnd rciiirmd home. On the 10th ol
iiii EoDowhig June he received die thanks of Congress, and
this was followed, si\ days later, by his prumotion to the
rank of rvnriuluijr.il. .mil his appointment lo the snperln-
lendeneyof the Bureau of Equlpmenl and Rtsruitlng. Ilu
was i.nierid. ."i the lib ..f Jon.-, I WIS. to relieve Henr-ndmiml
1)ii|huiI, who was Blalioiied off Cbnrleslmi Harbor; but on
his way lie was taken ill, aad died iu New York City, 00
iln- JMIi ..I" ilu- ■■ 1111.. mi. mli.
CAPTURE OP FORT NF.NIJY, TEJTN".
RBC0NK0I8SAK0B3 miulo in January, 18(12, by
order of General Grant, having satisQcd liim tin:'
Fort Henry could easily bo taken, if attack od
promptly from tlio Tennessee River, lio proposed to
General Hallcck tlmt a:i advance lie at once made
iu that direction, and on tlio 30th of the month lie
received permission to inuko the intended movo-
On Monday, the 2d of Fchrttary, General Grant's
army, preceded by a ilotilla of seven
gunboats, left Cairo for Paducuh,
reaching tho latter place tho same evening.
Tlio army com prised tho divisions of Generals
John A. MeClernawI and 0. F. Smith, including tlio
.Seventh, Eighth. Ninth, Eleventh. Twelfth, Eight-
eenth, Twentieth, Twenty-seventh, Twenty- eighth,
Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, Forty-first.
Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Illinois, the
Seventh and Twelfth Iowa, tho Eighth
and Thirtieth Missouri and the Eleventh
Indiana Regiments, besides a large force
of cavalry and artillery.
Tho gunboats wero the newly armored
Cincinnati (flagship), Carondclcl, Exucx
and St. Louis, in charge of Commanders
Stembcl, Walko, Porter and Paulding, un.1
tlio wooden ' 'miexlmjtt. f.rsiii-j/iiii and Ti/br,
in chargo of Lieutenants Ci Biouling
Phelps, Shirk and luvui, the whole
commanded by Flag-otlicor Andrew II
Fort Henry was at tho time garrisoned
by about 3,000 men under Brigadier-gen-
eral Lloyd Tilghman. This force was
divided into two brigades: ono under
Colonel A. iiicmun, comprising Iiis own
regiment, the Ter.th Tennessee, Lieu-
tenant-colonel McGavoek ; tho Forty-
eighth Tenneitfce, Colonel Voorhies; the
Twenty-seventh Alabama, Colonel Hughes;
a battalion of cavalry under Lieutenant-
colonel Gantt, and four guns in charge
of Captain Culberston ; while tho other
brigade was under tho command of Col-
onel Joseph Drake, and embraced Iiis own
regiment, the Fourth Mississippi, then in
charge of Major Adair; the Fifteenth
Arkansas, Colonel Gee; tlio Fifty-fin;t
Tennessee, Colonel lirowdcr; a battalion
of Alabama troops under .Major Garvin,
a detachment of Rangers under Captain
Melton, two companies of cavalry under
Captains Milner and Padgett, and thrco
guns in chargo of Captain Clare. Tha
fort wtea armed w:"h seventeen heavy orins
in charge of (Jb(.lhui Jeaso Taylor.
'THE SOLDIER IN OUn ^/VIL WAR.,
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
22 J
Early on the Sd of February, tue gunboats had
advanced to a point about nine miles below Fort
Henry, and tlie troops liad been landed by the
transports at Bailey's Fe.-rj', subsequently encamp-
iiiff on n high ndge close by tho river. Reconnoiri-
;-nir.'e3 were July made, both on land and by water,
.,.,,1 on the iitb all was in readiness for tbo attack.
] Jn- advance was to bo made simultaneously tbo fol-
lowing morning by the troops and the gunboats, and
ih 0 engagement was to commence at eleven o'clock.
Dot an unusually heavy rainstorm came np dnring
[lio night, nnd while tbo rising river benefited the
JjLiUa, the muddy roads and swollen st reams
before long, render bis position nntcnable, an J
while there remained a chance to save his force by
a retreat to Fort Donclson, lie availed of it, remain-
ing himself in Fort Henry nntil all but seven of the
heavy guns had been dismantled by the incessant
shilling of the fleet. He then forcibly surrendered
to Commander Footc, who sent Commander Stem-
bel, of hi3 flagship, and Lieutenant Commander
Phelps, to hoist tbo Union flag over Fort Henry.
General Grant's forco camo up afterward, and
a pursuit was ordered, but it resulted only in the
capture by tbo Fourth Illinois Cavalry of a few
prisoners and some light artillery.
Arty-two pound shot struck the lad in the head,
causing his instant death.
This tragic termination to a life so fnll of
youth and hope was universally regretted.
Tho Confederate loss was ropo>-lcd at ten -idW
and fifteen wounded, many being injureo by tht
bursting of one of the twelve thirty-two pound giir.s
in tho fort, besides about 100 pris mera, including
General Tilghman, Captain Jeeso Tavlor and tor
other commissioned oilicers. The fort contained,
besides its regular armament, many small-arms ao^
equipments, a large quantity of stores, and a suf-
ficient numoer of tents for 8,0t)0 men.
PUN OF KJKT BEHBX AND ITS APPROACHES.
proved a serious ibstuc.le to the marrh of the
troops.
rbo armored gunboats, with tho wooden ones in
the rear, bud succeeded in escaping the long-range
pro ol tho fcrt by taking cover of Panther Island,
li tiio western channel, and bad opened on tho
oaUerics, finally, at a distance of about GOO yards,
ffhila Grant's I>rco was slowly advancing through
lliu woods and mud: General Smith's column in tho
hrrciion of Fort Hieiunn, and that of General
MoOlemand toward a point on tbo Dover lload.
aetween Forts Henry and Dooelson.
the bombardment continued until near two
"ciocV, and was warmly responded to by Captain
Taylor's ginis; bnt it soon became evident to Gen-
era] t'dgluuan that tho enemy's movements would,
Colonel Lewis Wallace, of the Eleventh Indiana
Regiment, was placed in command uf Port Henry,
while Grant commenced his preparations for the
advance on Fort Donalson,
Tho Federate lost two killed and thirty-fight
wounded, twenty-nine of tbo latter being on board
tho Essex, whoso boiler was pierced by a thirty-two
pound shot from the fort.
Among tho killed was Lieutenant S. B. Brittan,
Jr., sou of Dr. S. B. Brittan, of New York City. He
bad enlisted in the nary at the early age of seven-
teen, and had mada himself a favnrite, especially
on hoard of tho Eksex, where he acted as Captain
Porter's aide and pri.ate secretary. "While Captain
Porter and young Brittan were watching the effect
of tbo firing upou fiio Confederate position, a
RECEPTION AT NEW TOBK
OF THE SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT.
Tina regiment, composed entirely of Irish citi
zens.. upon its return to Now York City, after h
three-months service in tho field, were met hj
their fellow-citizens and tbo Seventh Hegiment
aud given a reception that any organization might
envy. The Sixty-ninth had rendered good service
at Arlington Heights by ita erection of admirable
and extensive earthworks in defense of tho ua
tional capital, and bad especially distinguished
itself at tho battle of Bull Run, where it un-
fortunately met with 6erious losses. Its Colonel,
Michael Corcoran, was taken prisoner, and held at
a hostago for a year, when he was exchanged.
228
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAK.
?20
COLONEL LEWIS WALLACE AND STAFF.- ZOUAVE EEGIMENT, ELEVEJTTH INDIANA VOLUNTEERS
BURSTING OP A RIPLKD 42.1'OUND
i™
ft- ■ 4££'.Jiki
Af-
H-,"v:
fell
BDBSTINO OF A BIFLED 43-I'ODNU OW IN FURT HENRY DURING THE H03IBAKDJIENT
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER fJV OUR CIVIL WAR.
*3J
BURNING A CONFEDERATE BCHOONER IS QUANTICO CREEK, BY .
FLOTILLA UNDER LIEUTENANT HARRELL.
STATION HOUSE CELL IX WASHINGTON.
isting there so much demoralization and dissipa- capital, that tho morale of tho army was fust tie
Him aiming tho ollicors anil soldiers, who had dining. General Porter established a rigid super-
At the time General Porter was appointed Pro- abused tho leniency extended them, when either vision, causing tho arrest and imprisonment of all
toat-marshul of Washington, D. 0., he found e.\- passing through or quartered at tlio national oilendcrs, aud the city resumed its usual quiet.
i1! ",:: 4-|J; "'M
SI
SCESi; IN A BTATIuA-LioUSJi UliLi,, WA
H34-
THE SOLDIER I.V OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAS
2.1S
CUDIS BLBFZER.
goon in Germany, ut Worms, on tho Rhino, in 18la.
Hod October Slat, 1809 ; entered tho army of G recce, wherein
V served several years, leaving t! tJic r to bad becu made u
first liaiteoaot, to return to his native cily, where lie com-
menced business as pi wine mi n Icuii. lit w 'In lid colonel
..f the Worms Militia, lifter the rtvnhiHai at MM, and joined
l!m revolutionary movemcnl in Baden, where lie was plnced
il the Lend <>f a body of S.WMJ men. These figured in iiiiiny
judgements with 11"' Knyuliits, iu fill nf which Weaker nini
Hill heroic wife bravely c aided side by aide until Uicy
were attacked by a force nf Prussians nearly seven limes
.■renter than their own Unnlilu toisituikmd ^>n:li odds. tliev
nisied into Switzerland
11 Mil the rem n il n t af their
unvra followers, nnd re
mnlncd there until ihe
end of September, 1BJ9,
when Blinker wns ex-
pcllcd by :i special oniel
of the President of Iho
Helvetian Confederacy
Colonel Blenker and Ids
wife then look refuse id
ilio United Stales, set
[ling in Rockland Co.,
X. Y., on n farm which
they had purchased.
Here Blanker renin iced
until the Civil War broke
nil lie then came to
Nuw York City, whua
maud of Iho First Ger
man Rifle Regiment,
Eighth New York Slate
Volunteers, which was
one of ilieflrrt ihal
tnry Acmlemj x: IVcjrc ."kg", in ISM, nnd four years later notably, " The Astronomy of the Bible," •■ ,,uinr Adroit
gradunted in the Class including Robert E. Leo nnd Joseph ™y," "The Planetary and Stellar Worlds,'' nnd "Tv Orbs
E. Johnston ; entered the n.-tillcry corps with the rank of of Heaven. "
brevet second lieutenant ; was MtaUot proTeasor of mathe- ^^ CA,lLOg BUELL
mutirs fit Ine Acid' ■my imiil ltf"l ; resigned In- position in
tno army lo study law and practiced in Ciucinnali, O., till Born* near Marieliu. G,, Mnrch 23d, 1818; entered ti*
1834, when he wm elected professor of mathematics nnd of Military Academy at West Point in 1837. and graduated ii
uslronomy in the Ohio University. This position lie re- 1*11 as brevet second lieutenant of Infantry ; served in tin
Mined ten years, fin tin- 14th of April, 18-lii, lie founded Florida War. 1811-2 : 00 frontier duty, l84*-5 ; and in Id
t!n Cini innuti flb-i naioti and became its director. In mllitorj patio* of Texas, 1845-0 . made firvt Ifeulennri
1sjs_!i ,". held (In office of adjutant general of the Slate of in Jon. IK4G, seal en) mi the following Septa bcr fct
Obi. i in.! in 1 -1 - 1 in nil In if i ny"f!i-~ In Europe :is chief urdLiiiri il I) ImM'i .f M>>nl< n } At Ihe h-illli '.f I Intra
became director of tbcSnillcy Observatory nt Albany, N.Y. Iu 1848 he bccuiua assistant odjulant-gcricnil, with Ibe lull
1801-C3 he wm made n
brigadier general,, nnd
plnced at the bind of
the Department ol tb'i
Ohio, succeeding Gen
oral William T. Slier
man. lie set nlmitl or
gnnizing an clUeicrl
nrmy and planned se
won fur him an excellent
reputation. He became
Subordinate to Ibillcck,
when the hitter was
placed la command of
Ihe Department or Ihe
Boulhvtal, nnd was al
i the s
: of v
At
c tin
!■"""
the battle of Bull Run,
lllenkcr v u placed at
ihe bead of the First
Brigade of the Fifth D>
visiun, commanded by
Colonel Dixon S. Miles,
and, aided by Colonel
Porter, covered Ihe rc-
irent of Ihe Fcdera'
innv He wns afterward
nindn a brigiidicr-gencml,
fid given the command
af the German division
r.f Ihe Army of the l'olo-
SISrON BOLIVAR
BUCKKEB.
Boris in Kentucky it
18-iJ; entered Die Mill-
lary Academy at Wee!
Point in 1340 ; breveted
second lieutenant of in-
fnntry July 1st, 1844 ;
served ut frontier po-ita
1844-5; assistant pro-
fessor of el Lies at Hie
Military Academy from
August, 18-1.1, lo May,
1840; entered the Mex-
ican War, and was bre-
veted first lieutenant ol
ihc Sixth Infantry lor
his bravery En Ihc batllcc
of Coatrcrafl and Cliu-
i-ubusco, where be was
wounded. Ilia gallant
conduct at Ihe buttle of
El Molino del Rey. In
Seplttmber, 18-17, won
him the grade of cnji-
laia He wns afterwari'
made (juarlermnater of
the Slilh Infnnlry, and
became ossfsUinl luslruc-
lor of Infantry Luetics at
Wntl Point, 18-I9-.W, and
(ommiKiloner of suhsii.t-
srnce at New York Cily,
IK.13-JJ R<"ignr.d from
the army March 2f|th, 18155. At the breaking out of tltn
Civil War he joined Ihe Southern Confederacy, was made a
general, placed in command at Bowling Green, which lie
evacuated on the full of Fort Henry, Inking his troops to
Fort Douelson, where he surrendered with his forces lo
General Grant en the 10th of February, 18D2. Wiin confined
in F.irt Warren till August, 1 80S, then eichanged and placed
In command of a division of Ilurdee't corps, in Bmgg'fl
army, in Tennessee, nnd, ns major-general, assigned to til a
Third Grand Division engaged at Mnrfreesboro1 nnd nl
Thickmauga, being included, May 20th, 18011, In "irliy
Smith's Burrender to General Canby.
OlrMSBY MoKKIGHT MITCHELL,
lk>n" In Union County, Ky., August 28th, 1810 ; v. ... n
lie look command ol
the Army of tlie Ohio,
and at its head suc-
ceeded, with Grant, in
gaining fur the federals
nt the battle of Sbiloli,
or Pittsburg Landing, a
victory which would
otherwise undoubtedly
have fallen li the Con
federates under tlie sue
Ccssivo leadership of
Generals Johnston and
Norihei
Ahibai
, iod
tlie rclrcnt to Louisville.
in ovilcr to cut off
Bragg's nrmy, which be
drove from Kentucky.
He resigned from lite
army June 1st, 18"4, and
since 1S0-1 1ms been prcsi-
ler.t of Ihe Green River
fKy.) Ironworks
COL. MURPHY'S
RKGIMENT.
Tiik Fifteenth N.Y.
r lie tendered his
iDoohnnlin), ns well ns two (lecllnoinolorB, wit'
hnportunt olM-rvnllnns were reeonleo, and an
pereonal eipiutlon. 1 le eslabllsllod the Sidereal
Was besides, thn author of u Great many p
Auaeostaltiver. Al the
wtnl of command one
hundred I rained mm
sci/.cd Ihe India- mills :
finals, launched them
mooriug them stem and
elerii ; one liundreil men.
MOS OF PORT DONELSON.
situated nt Dover. Teiui., twelve miles "-■, \
ury, mi the wist hank of the Cumber, -d
was built iu the Summer of 1801, about the
orl Henry WM eonslrueliil. lis luentlnii wiw
r ilofcoso lo Rowling Green, and also as >
bo nppronch of the Federal troops on Nash
Ihe rnmlu rland River The Confedenitii;
■ fori should be an eUntiud harrier ?o Ihe
.... my Into TimiWSSce. The railroad IrotB
^ MunuliU p.u*-d loui Ulllca bou'Ji ol It
??<5
THE SOLD1F.R IN OUR CIVIL WAR
TtfB SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
237
CAPTURE OF FORT DONELSON.
After Hie surrender of Fort Henry, General
3 ran b ordered reconnoissances to bo made immedi-
ately up tlio Tennessee Itivcr, while he located his
troops 011 the roads lending to Fort Donelson, mid
while Commander Foote proceeded to Cairo to rc-
|i.iir damages and to complete arrangements for the
next expedition.
Foote, having taken with him the gunboats Oin-
winnati, Essex and St. Loitti, tliero romnined the
Caroa&elet nt Fort Henry, and the three woorlcn
gunboats Concslotfn, Lexington and Tyler, which
were placed in charge of Li oil tenant- com mandor
S. L. Phelps. With these he soon reached the
bridge of the Memphis and Ohio Valley Eailway,
which crosses the Tennessee River at a point about
twelve miles south of Fort Henry. Its draw was
■losed and its machinery disabled, but in about an
hour the draw was opened, and the Tyler, being
left to destroy the railroad and part of the bridge,
the Conestoga and Lexington gave chase to some
Confederate transports, which had been seen at-
tempting to escape up the river. These were so
closely pursued, that they were set on lire and aban-
doned.
The gunboats continued on tboir way, cap-
turing a steamer at Cerro Gordo, two more at East-
port, and compelling the flight of a number of
Confederates at Savannah, which place Phelps had
contemplated attacking. After proceeding as far
as Florence, Ala., where ho captured a portion of
the supplies on board of three steamers, which had
been sot afire on his approach, and where ho found
most of the citizens kindly disposed, he returned to
his place of departure.
On Tuesday, the 11th of February, Grant called
a council of war, at which it was de-
FaiHMiiT,ise. cj(lcd tQ moTe ^mediately on port
Donelson rather lhan wait for additional reinforce-
ments. Part of MeClornund's division advanced the
same afternoon, but the main column did not get
into motion until the following day.
Grant bad organized his forces, us before, into
two divisions, commanded by Generals MeClornand
and Smith, and liad arranged for another division
to ho brought by Commander Foote, and to ho
placed in charge of Lewis Wallace, who had been
made u brigadier-general on the day of the capture
of Fort Houry. Part of MeClernaud's force ad-
vanced by the Telegraph Road, and halted within
two miles of Fort Donelson, while the remainder
marched by the Dover Road, in the same direction,
with orders to unite aud form the right investing
wing. The other troops wore tc follow likewise by
the Dover Road, Smith being ...dercd to prevent
the possible retreat of the (.Vm fed unite* by the occu-
pation ot Dover, if practicable. General Wallace
remained at Fort Henry,
Fort Dunelson was situated on the left bank of
the Cumberland River, at an elevation of about 100
feet, and mounted eight guns. Below it, at a_ ele-
vation of about 30 feet, wore two water batteries,
containing together Lwclvo guns,
The position was defended by 15,000 men, under
tie command of General John B. Floyd, who had,
on the 13th, superseded General A. Sidney John-
ston. This force consisted of tho Third, Tenth,
Eighteenth, Twenty-sixth, Thirtieth, Thirty-second,
Forty • first. Forty - second. Forty - eighth, Forty-
ninth, Fiftieth. Fifty- first and Fifty-third Tennes-
see ; the First, Third, Fourth, Fourteenth, Twentieth
and Twenty-sixth Mississippi ; the Thirty-sixth,
Fiftieth, Fifty-first and Fifty-sixth Virginia; the
Second and Eighth Kentucky; the Seventh Texas;
the Fifteenth Arkansas and tho Twenty-seventh
Alabama Regiments ot Infantry ; besides Golin's aud
Go wail's battalions of Infuutry, Forrest's, Gsntt's
and Milton's battalions of Cavalry, and nearly 700
artillerists.
Tho Federal troops mot with no opposition on tho
way, and early in the afternoon of the 12th occu-
pied the positions which had boon assigned them,
after some skirmishing, during which the Confede-
rate pickets were driven in.
On Thursday, the 13th, Colonel Berge's Sixty-
sixth Regiment of Illinois Sharpshooters engaged
the enomy's pickets, aud kept up, at a distance of
about 300 hundred yards, an incessant lire, which
told severely on the Confederate gunners serv-
ing one of tho land batteries, and during which
arrangements were completed for more important
work. Major Calender's heavy guns were placed on
the spurs opposing the lines of defense; Oglesby's
brigade hold tho extreme right, McClernand's
division came next, and Smith's force took the
extreme left, the en tiro line occupying nearly four
miles in length.
At about midday, Colonel Wallace was ordered
GROUP OF OONin-RHATF PIUSOVPRR fUPTORHD AT FORT UONBLSON.
Fiwk a Swticn nt n. Lotie.
DECISIVE BAYOttKi-OilABOfi OK VBK SECOND IOWA REGIMENT ON^ Tffl
DECISIVE BAYOMtfi-UiARaE OF THE SECOND IOWA REGIMENT ON THE CONFEDERATE IN TRENCHAIENT3 AT FORT DONELBON, FEBRUARY lota, 1863.
} 40
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
2J.I
DON CARLOS BTEU,.
to capture a battery called t!io anodic Re-
li)ii(>t, mid taking with him tho Seventeenth
Olinois, under Major Smith, the Forty-
>:ghth HHwvs, Colonel Bayne, and tV
Forty-ninth Illinois, Colonel Morrison, lie-
sides McAllister's battery, he advanced
rapidly up the bill until within forty rods
■>f tho battery, when b terrible fire from the
antira bne of infantry, as well aa from the
artillery, compelled them for a moment to
fall baos. They were reinforced by Colonel
Smith's Forty-fifth Illinois Regiment, then
as to enfilade them with
broadsides,
Only twolve of Foote's gnns could
■'! one time bo trained against the hail
thai met his first attack. TbT Oon-
'ederatea werfl serving their r'ecos with
■Jnirulfcr nreoisinc, and tnair snot* wra"
DBMSBT U. MITOnEtL
received respectively nfty-nine, thirty six,
twenty mid twenty-six shots, and that the
total loss to the licet was nine killed and
forty fivo wounded, including six killed by
tho bursting of a gun on the Caremdelct.
Commander Foote, later on, took fonr of
his vessels back to Cairo, in order to repair
damages, and to organize a stall more for-
midable fleet, two of tho gunboats being left
to cover the transpcrts, while Grant con-
tinned the investiture of Fort Doneleon,
and the Tyler was sent to complete the de-
struction of tho railroad bridge above Fort
Henry, ia order to prevent all Confederate
reinforcements in that direction.
On the evening of the 14th, Floyd called
a council of war, whereat he submitted the
fact that Fort Donelson coulif
cot bo successfully held with
less than 50,000 men, and that it were
doubtless better to make a sortie in force
rather than wait longer the possibility of
I additional troops strengthening the enemy,
I and consequently preventing all possible
escape. It was unanimously decided, there-
fore, to take the offensive, and at about five
o'clock on Saturday morning, tho 15th,
Generals Gideon J. Pillow and Bushrod
K R. Johnston left the fort at the head of
Sv some 10,000 men, with Colonel Baldwin's
>•' brigade in tho advance.
! McClornan-l's force was the objective, and
its pickets wore soon reached and forced
baok upon the actually unsuspecting camp,
whose safety was for a while endangered,
ao still and quietly conducted had been the
Confederate advance, Oglesby's brigade,
which held the road, and had but little
artillery support, withstood the first attack,
fortunately thwarting a cavalry advance on his ex-
treme right, nntil its ammunition began to give
way, when the whob lino fell back, with exception
of tho extreme left, where stood the Thirty-first nii-
noia under Colonel John A. Logan. So firmly did
tho latter force bold the ground, that what might
have at one time proved a panic was averted. To
tho support of Oglesby's line came the Eleventh
and tho Twentieth Illinois, belonging to W. II. L,
Wallace's brignde, which were followed by nearly
3,500 more men of tho same command, as well ae
by the bght batteries under Dresser, McAllister
and Taylor. Column after column of fresh Con-
federate troops kept pouring in upon tho Federals,
notwithstanding the terrible fire of grape and
canister directed against them. Position after
position was gained and lost on both sides, until, by
nearly eight o'clock, it looked as if no advantage
had been gained on either hand.
The steadiness and apparent regularity with
wluoh fresh Confederate troops were being brought
forward began, however, to alprm
MoOleruand, and he finally decided
to send for assistance to General
1j8 wis Wallace. As the latter had been
ordered to hold tho centre at nil
hazards, ho sent to headquarters for
instructions. Not hearing from him,
McOleniund askod again for imme-
diate aid, stating that his flank bad
been turned, when, in the absence of
General Grant, who was then in eon-
forouco with Commandor Foote, Wal-
lace took the responsibility of order-
ing ahead the brigade under Colonel
Oruft.
Graft was, unfortunately, guided too
far to tho right of the line, wb.ee
ho came upon a greatly superior
force, which had just left a ravine
in Oglesby's rear, Tina force he en-
gaged dolibemtoly, but could not oser-
come. Ho was soon forced back, a?
well as wero tho forces under W. H.
L. Wallace. McArthiir and Oglesby,
when Thayer's brigade ci.nie up, with
Goneral Wallace himself in the ad
viinco. This brigade- was placed bo
Iweon tho retiring troupa and the
advancing Confederates, with its light
urtillery, under Lieutenant Wood, in
position to sweep tlio mad ninny
wluoh tho enemy wan approaching
242
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
24-3
Clio attack soon follo'.-oJ upon the Federals, tlio
First Nebraska Regiment bearing its brunt for a
time; but after an active encounter, tlio Confcd-
fiiateo were compelled to retire.
Soon after, General Grant ordered an advance
upon tlio retiring farce, which was done, with
Culjnel Morgan L. Smith's Eighth Missouri and
Colonel George McGinnis's Eloventh Indiana in
:ho load, and Colonel Boss's two Ohio regiments
While these regiments were marching toward the
ridge occupied earlier ia the day, Oruft's brigade
was being taken around the base of' the hill to
engage the enemy's ioft flank, which it did success-
frilly by the time the ridge had been reached. The
light upon the hitter was especially severe, but the
position was finally g.iined and held during the
ensuing night while the enemy remained in its
earth works.
Tho Confederate right, bad at the same time been
engaged by Smith's forces. The assault there was
led by the Second and Seventh Iowa and the
Twenty-fifth Indiana Regiments, under cover of
Stoiie's Missouri Battery, supported by tho Fifty-
sixth Indiana, Fourteenth Iowa and Bergo's Sharp-
shooters. They had marched with General Smith
in tho immediate advance, receiving the galling fire
of tho Confederates unflinchingly, and when within
proper distance bad, without firing a gun, carried
the rifle-pits with the bayonet. Night coming on,
they had been unnblo to follow np the advantage
gained, and had merely icpt their position in
mticipation of another fornard movement the day
following.
That same night, however, tho Confederate gan-
Brals held another council of war, at which, after a
ong and very bitter consultation, it was decided to
^rive up all further contest. Floyd escaped with
some of his men on board a steamer at Dover, cm
the wny to Nashville, and was followed by General
i'illow, who fled to Columbia, in Middle Tennessee.
A-hile General Buckner was left to arrange the
terms of capitulation.
On Sunday morning, the lGth of February, as tho
Federals were preparing to follow up tho successes
of tho preview day, white flags were seen floating
over the enemy's works, and soon after the uncon-
ditional surrender of the Confederates was ac-
cepted.
Tho fort was immediately occupied by tho forces
in the advance, the water batteries being taken pos-
session of by troops landed from the Cumberland
liiver. The capitulation embraced 13,500 men as
j.risoners, including Generals Buckner and John-
son, 30,00(1 muskets, 3,000 horses, 17 heavy gtms,
fS field-pieces, and a largo qnautity of military
The Federals had lost 446 killed, 1,745 wounded,
and a few prisoners, who had already been taken
across the Cumberland. Tho additional losses of
flie Confederates were 237 killed and 1,007
wounded.
Generals Grant, McClcmand and Wallace were
each promoted to a. major-generalship in recognition
of the sen-ices rendered by them at Fort Donolsnn,
HENKY WAGER HALLE0K.
Eons be Wiilervillc, Oneida County, K.T., January 10th,
1815 ; entered the Military Acadcaqr :it WM I'..ini. gradual
ing July l.u, 1K50, a" Eecond licutcnut '•( eagfmetn ; became
assistant-professor of engineering .11 tin iendemj mail June
IW0, and for nearly a year afterward was assistant to :i
boanl n'. engineer* at Washington, D. C. (''ram 1K-11 In 18-1U
lie' wdh mnde nssfclunt in ehnrgu of Hie CniiNtraelion of forti-
■IcnlioiM in New York Harbor, Win-- ateeiU outj- a flhiirl lime
in 1843, when lie was scat on n lour of cxiimlnniinu of tliu
public work" in Europe, At the time of tlio Mexican War
he look an active p:irt In tlio military nnd civil opcrotbins of
tlic Government on the Paelfle Coast, remaining there until
ri"irly the dose of the year 1850, fie was llien made director-
general of ihe New Alnuwlcn Quicksilver Slinc, and in 18.1-1
"■■signed from the army, devoting Jiiiiuiclf mainly lu tin
- ..s nuidc a major-
general of tho regular army, nnd nwoynol to the command of
the Department of MW.url, wideli Intter was made to em-
uracc ni;ie States 'sirly In W)2, and then culled (lie Dinarl
mat <■ the MIulHtppl. lie look pcreonal command after
tlio Utt'jj of Hhllf.fi. oeciinl,,! fnrinlb ami noon after w.ia
Wiled lo Wiuh.naloa as Genemi-hi-ehlef, When U. B. Grant
"'k mode Lleutonont-gonorol, Hsllcck assumed command ".■
>"u Department of theJame*, April, 1HU5, InAnjjUNtuf that
Jcarllewfm traiirtf(-m:d t., the Puulflc t:"(iBt, uiiil in 18, Ho roiioliod Bowling
Green oi, tlio 15th, after making the last forty- two
miles ill as littla oa thirty-two houra, nnd found tho
city deserted, nnd both of tho bridges over the Big
Barren River destroyed. Nearly half a million dol-
lars worlti of nrnporty bad boon burned by tlio
Rangers belonging to Johnston's retreating force,
while all tho stores and provisiona (bat could bn
iciuuvcd bad been taken awav to NiibIi villi
Un Uiaovunl. ^ot Stinthy, the 16th of I'ebruary
Commodore Foote bad caused the destruction, bj
tho 6't. Louis, of tho Tennessee Iron Works, situ-
ated nearly seven miles above Dover, and although
suffering greatly from the wound received while
engaging Fort Donelson, he had, on the day fol-
lowing, himself proceeded from Cairo for anotbei
advance up the Cumberland River with tho twe
gunboats Cairo and Conesloga. On the 59th he had
reached Clarksville, Tonn., fifty miles to the north-
west of Nashville, and had made preparations to
attack Forts Lovicr nnd Clark, defending tho town.
These bad boon abandoned, however, and Foots
entered 01 arks vi lie the following day. The retreat-
ing force had sot fire to the railroad bridgs
across tho Cumberland. General Charles F. Smith
snon after occupied Clarksville with a strong force,
and Foote returned to Cairo to arrange for another
expedition against Nashville, the capital of Tec-
Tho last named place was entered on Sunday,
the 33d of February, by the Fourth Ohio Cavalry,
under Colonel Keniior, and belonging to General
O. M. Mitchell's division, the remainder of which
latter soon after encamped at Edgefield, opposite
the City of Nashville, pending tho arrival of Gen-
eral Buell. Ho arrived on the 25th, the same day
that Commodore Footo reached it with tho gunboat
Conesioga. Tho latter bad been taken up at
Clarksville to convoy the transports on which were
tho troops commanded by Genera! Nolson.
On the 36th, Major R. B. Cheatham came over
to Buell's headquarters at Edgefield, where ho made
a formal surrender of the City of Nashville, and
on tho 38th, the Federal banner once more floated
ov -it both tho City Hall and the State Capitol.
Before abandoning Nashville, tho Confederate
General Floyd had ordered tho destruction of its
two bridges and of two unfinished gunboats, as well
as tho dispersion by t-hB mob of such stores and
other property as he could not well carry away.
As tho Governor and the State Legislature had
likewiso gone, it wns determined with General
Grant, wdio arrived on tho 27th, to appoint a mili-
tary governor, who should administer the affaire of
the Stato under martial law, with tho rank of briga-
dier-general. Andrew Johnson, who subsequently
became President of tho United States at the death
of Lincoln, was appointed to fill the place.
Immediately On the return of Footo from Nash-
ville tr Cairo, ho organized an expedition to cap-
turo thd town of Columbus, Ky., situated opposite
Belmont, against which General II rant had marched
in November, 1861.
Tho expedition consisted of four mortar-boats,
under Lieutenant Commanding Phelps, and the
gunboats Cincinnati, St. Louis, Carondehl, Lnuis-
ville, Pittsburg nnd Lexington, commanded by
Captains Davis, Walko and Stemhol, and Lieu-
tenants Commanding Paulding, Kirk and Thomp-
son, besides thrco transports, Aleck Scott, iilinais
and T. L. McGill, with about 3,000 men under
General W. T. Sherman. Tho hrtter's force com-
prised the Twenty -seventh Illinois and part of the
Fifty-fourth Ohio, Seventy-fourth Ohio, and of tho
Fifty-fifth Illinois Regiments, General Gcorgo \V.
Galium, of General Halleck's stuff, accompanied
tho expedition,
Ifc left Cairo very early on tho 4th of March, and
at sunrise it was close by its destina-
tion, roady for the attack, although
information had been received to tho effect that
Columbus was abandoned. Tho Federal flag was
seen lloatiug over tho fort, but to make sure that
no deception was being practiced, Colonel Buforc"
wns ordorod to take a detachment of tho Twenty.
seventh Illinois Rogimont and reconnoitre. Thoy
landed, and on reaching the fort, found it occupied
Dy soino 250 men of tho Second Illinois Cavalry
tindor Lioutonant Hogg, which bad been sout out
as scouts by Goneiiil Sherman from Pnducnh, and
who, on finding tho rduco vacated, had occupied it
tho previous afternoon.
Upon tho lovoe was found a very largo number oi
torpodoos. anchors, weights, and a portion of the
chain which hud been strotohed across tho river,
whilst near tlio railway that had boon built to miss
articles up tho hill stood a quantity of ordnance
and stores ready for transportation.
After leaving a garrison of nearly 3.000 infar"T>
and 100 cavalry, ihe flotilla returned to its plaoe oJ
denartnra.
244
THE SOT.orER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
DARING L.vPLOlT OF COLORED MEN
IN CHARLESTON HARBOR.
Router Smat.i-s, pilot ; Jolin Smalls and Alfred
Gmdiiii', engineers; and Abraham Jackson, G.i
briol Turny, William Morrison, Samuel Cliisliolm
Abnuu Allaton, and David Jones, of the crew of
tho steamer Planter, taking advantage of anight
in which the white officers were on shore, quietly
got np steam, and slipped down tho harbor, ironic- *
dintely under the frowning guns of Sumter. As
tliey passed the fort, day had just dawned, am]
tbey gave the usual signals, and were allowed to
pass. When out of range of the gunstliey hoisted
a white flag, and steered straight for the TJnitcil
States steamer Augusta, on blockade duty, and
gave up their prize to the United States officers.
Tho PI an Ut was a large vessel of light draught, ami
had already proved, with her armament of sis guns
of heavy calibre, a troublesome visitor among the
blockading squadron. Commander Parrot t, of tin.'
Augusta, forwarded the prize to Port Royal, with
late papers from Charleston to Commander Dupout.
and on receipt of the vessel and in^irniation,
Dnpont made a report to the Xavy Department
recounting the exploit and its importance to the
United Sta'.cs Government, and recommended thai
the captors be suitably rewarded, either under the
OF THE NTN'E COLOBBD UBS WHO CAPTURE-
THB CO.VFEDEBATB STEAITEB "PLANTER."
- claim of tho steamer as a prize, or in s
3 othe:
N \'yc
On Monday, A I ay 19th, 1803, in the Uuitt-il
Stilted Senate, a li:ll was introduced for the reliel
of Robert Smalls uud others (colored), who had
recently delivered tho steuuier Planter to Commo-
dore Du pout's squadron. The Bill provided that
the steamer, with her armament, cargo, etc, be
appraised by a competent board of officers, and thai
ono-hulf the valuo thereof should go to Robert
Smalls and his associates, who ran the Plantei ic(
of the Harbor of Charleston, and providing that
the Secretary of the Navy should invest the sum
in United States stocks, the iuterest to be paid to
Smalls and bis associates or beire. The Bill wai
promptly passed.
The pilot, Bobert Smalls, at once joined tho
Fodoral Army, a*d became a prominent organizer
of the colored troops at Hilton Head. Ho attained
tho : riK of oolonel in the Volunteer Army, and at
the eloso of the war took an active part in politics,
becoming n loador of tho freed mon, and represented
them both in tho Legislature of the State of South
Carolina and in tho Congress of the United States.
On Juno 3d, 1884, ho was the most prominent dele
gate from South Carolina in the National Repub-
lican Convention nssomblod at Chicago, and Ins vote
anil voice helped toolovnto nuothorofhiaowu race
John It. Lynch, of Mississippi, to tho honorable
positiou of Chairman of tho Convention.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
245
BATTLE BETWEEN THE "MERRIMACK"
AND THE " MONITOR."
What proves to have beou a most ext moid i nary
end a decidedly unique naval en con liter, took plueo
in Hampton Honda, on the 8th iind
maiujcisk Bt[i o£ JIftrcIl
At that rime, tho cilty Federal men-of-war lying
"11 the Roads wore tho steam-frigate Roanoke, flag-
ship, JO guns, and Minnesota, -10 guns, besides the
sailing-frigates ConoresS, 50 guns ; (lie Si. Law-
rence, 50 guns ; and tho Cumberland, 34 guns. In
tlieir immediate vieinitv stood a number of steam-
tugs and transports.
At about noon on Saturday, tho Stli of March,
there suddenly appeared, coming down the Eliza-
beth Rivor, three Confederate vessels, which after-
ward proved to bo tho Patrick ITonrg, 0 guns, and
tho Jamestown, 4 guns, slightly in advance of an
iron ram called by tho Confederates tho Virginia,
although tho stranger was the result of a t runs for-
mation of the old United States frigate Merrimack,
which Lad been fired and sunk in
April, 1361, and was afterward
raised, at tho Norfolk Navy Yard.
It bad been long known and
often bruited Hint the Confederates
were fashioning a novel and for-
midable engine of war, which, it
was intended, should possess the
requisite appliances for overcoming
and destroying any known vessel
afloat. After repeated delays, the
transformed Merrimack now ap-
peared in the shape of a huge float-
ing battery, with a long projecting
ram, and heavily ironplntcd through-
out. She was propelled by two en-
gines, bad large furnaces for healing
shot, besides an apparatus for (brow-
ing hot water, and carried eight
80-pound rilled guns, besides two ^^jfeSJgK
guns capable of throwing a 120-
ponnd shell or a 100-pound solid
shot.
The Merrimack first attacked tho
Cumberland, while the gunboats en-
gaged (be Congress, and when within
an eighth of a mile, fired a broad-
side into her, which met with an
earnest res] so from tho frigate,
though with but little real damage
to the battery, as nearly all (be
balls glanced oil the Merrimack's
armor-plates.
The Cumberland was again ap-
pfoached, and at a distance of about
twenty yards given another broad-
side, which killed over GO of her
men. The Merrimack (hen retired
a short distance, and, under a fall
bead of steam, drove her long ram
into tho side of the frigate, making
a large opening under the water-
line. She then bucked again and repealed tho
operation in (he waist of the Cumberland, causing
tho latter to sink in a very short lime. Such as
remained of her officers anil crew, about 150 out
of 21H, sought escape by jumping into the water,
and by using a few boats, until taken by the pro-
peller Wilden, winch General Mansfield had sent
from Newport News to their rescue.
After disposing of the Cumberland, tho Merri-
mack engaged the wa(er buttery on shore, shelling
the Federal camp from under the bluff in slid) a
way that the gnus in the huttory could not he used
effectively against her. She then approached tho
Congress, which the gunboats had been engaging,
mid poured into her Buoh a destructive lire as to soon
compel the hoisting of a white (big by Lieiitonunt
Pciidcrgost. The latter was then in command, by
reason of the death of Lieutenant Joseph 1). Smith,
which was followed by that of Acting Muster
Moore and of Pilot Rhodes. Tho Jamestown en mo
alongside to tako off Iho prisoners from tho Cun-
Uress, which was sot on firo tho sumo evening, and
loinlly destroyed.
While all (Ins was going on, tho other Federal
►esaoln hud been ordorod fnrwunl. Tho Roanoke,
which hud long been lyiuu off Fortress Monroe wilh
1 broken shaft, bad two Htoam-tuga to assist her
Eut:ni(i into position, ana woh followod by tho Min-
nesota and tho St. Lawrence. While passing Sow- ing to t'ae toiescopic - slided emokestaek, and a
all's Point, however, tho Minnesota was fired into round revolving tower twenty feet in diameter. The
by tho shore batteries, one of tho shots damaging whole was protected by a thick armor of iron and
(he mainmast seriously, and Eoon got aground on was made bombproof. In the tower, or turret as
tho Horseshoo liar, about a mile and a half from it is called, were placed two eleven-inch Duhlgren
Newport News. There she was attacked by the gaus, the heaviest that bud, up to that time, been
Merrimack, and by a few gunboats that hud just mounted upon any vessel.
come up from the .lames River. The Monitor was ordered, on the 5th of March,
The Merrimack could not upproach the Minne- to proceed on its trial trip to Fortress
sofa nearer than 11 mile, owing to tho shallowness of ' ' Monroe, and, as we have seen, reached
the water, but the gunboats kept up a lire at closo the latter place three days later, being towed by the
quarters, and. while they caused some damage on Setb Low, and having encountered rather boisterous
board tho frigate, they likewise sustained injury weather. She was in command of Lieutenant
from its heavy guns, one of Micro having finally to John L. Wordon, United Stutes Navy, who, on re-
bc towed olT. porting lo Flag-officer Marston and to General
The fight lasted till dark, when the Confederate Wool, was ordered (o proceed to Newport News
vessels retired again to tho mouth of the Elizabeth immediately upon receiving an additional supply of
River, ammunition. Shortly after midnight tho Monitor
The St. Lawrence- had approached the Minnesota lay close by tho Minnesota.
during (he fight, and hud likewise got aground. Before sunrise, on Sunday, the 9th of March, tho
She hud joined in (he fray, nevertheless ; but, 1111- Merriinn'.k and her consorts appeared, and ad-
fortunately for her, a shell bad passed through her vanced in the direction of the grounded Minnesota,
but when she had come wilbin
about three miles of tho attcr, tho
Monitor placed herself between the
two, compelling tho stoppage of
the Confederate battery.
The Merrimack then commenced
firing at the Monitor, upon whoso
armor but one of her many heavy
shots made any impression. Sho
also occasionally fired a gun at tho
Minnesota, the two butlcries all (ho
while manoeuvring for position.
The fight continued in this way
for nearly two hours, the Monitor
in that time having had her turret
penetrated half way through by a
100- pound Armstrong solid shot,
and having meanwhile hurled her
heavy bolts against the Merrimack,
without uny apparent damage, even
while tho lutter was temporarily
aground.
Tho Confederate battery, not
having succeeded in disabling the
Monitor, turned her whole ntlon-
tion to the Minnesota, which had
received a heavy shot near the
water-line. As sho approached, the
frigate sent a full broadside into
her, though with little effect, and
received in return two heavy shells
in quick succession. One of the
shells penetrated through four
rooms, oxpioding two charges of
powder in its passage, and setting
the vessel temporarily on fire. The
other shell barely struck tho frigate,
but passed through and exploded
the boiler of tho steam-tug Dragon,
which lay alongside, trying to pull
the Minnesota off.
As tho Merrimack wns abou t send-
ing a third shell in the samo direction, tho Monitor
approached her, compelling a ehaugo of position
in tho engagement that was again renewed be-
tween tho two batteries, and warding olt repeated
attempts made to run down the Minnesota. Dur-
ing the munieuvres that followed, the Merrimack
uould not bo gotten oft until about ton o'clock in 01100 more got aground, and afforded the Monitor,
the evening. Elforls were, at the same timo, mado for a while, a good opportunity to give her somo
JOHN' KlilCSSOfJ.
side, jus! uhovo (he water-line, and hud damaged
hoi- so seriously, that lugs bad lo bo culled to tow
hor i" Fortress Monroe.
Tho Roanoke did not participate in the engage-
ment, as she groiK*..led at a point half way between
Fortress Monroo and Newport News, whonco sho
lo got oil the Minnesota, but unnvaiiingly.
The loss of (he Federals was :>Al killed, drowned
and wounded, as against a total of only 17 on tho
side of the Confederates.
Anxiety was iiatu rally great on all sides regarding
the immediate, future, uud many wero tho conjec-
tures indulged in as lo what the Mi
consorts would succeed in doing t]
Despondency, which
at Iho pros] 1-, ■ if n>i
(ho Federal vessels, u
nine o'clock in tho c
limiting battery was
Monroe.
This battery, mimed tho Monitor, was of nu
entirely original design, nnd hud been constructed,
bv order of (be Federal Uovorumont, at tho Grcon-
point (N.Y.) "Ooiitinoiilal Works." Hor Hush
dock lay but a few moll 0B ubuvo tho water, and boro
nothing upon it but tho whoolhotiao, tho low cover-
woll-dii'cctcd shots, which doubtless told severely,
as, when again a Hunt, sho only mado one unsuccess-
ful and harmless attempt to run down (he Federal
battery, and at once stnrled off for Norfolk. She
wus followed in this direction by her consorle,
which had remained passive spectators of tho
icX-and her whole encounter.
day. The engagement hud como to n
1 end wilh a Iojb
lespmr, on tho Confedorulo sido of 7 killed and ITwunided,
,nd possibly rou oiling including among (bo latter, C'uptain l'uchi:nan and
ver, relieved at about Lieutenant Minor, of tho Merrimack : the Fcdeials
ilicn John Ericsson's having lest on board Hie Minnesota -1 tilled nnd 10
pproaching Fortross wounded, besides a number on Ihe Dragon.
There were no casualties on board tho Monitor,
with tho exception of three inon stunned by con-
cussion, when the turret wus once fairly struck, and
tho injury lo tho eyes of Lion tenant Wordon, who
was for awhilo blinded fioin tho effects of commit
or jiowder having en teivd his eyes while wutohinj; "'
the peopholo in the pilot-house,
NAVAL BATTLE BETWEEN THE CONFEDERATE VESSELS "MERRIMACK," "YUKKTOWN" AND " JAMESTOWN,1
AND VICTORY FOR TIIK CO]
WUlli' BETWEEN 'A'liE " UU* ITOil " (TWO UUNti) AND 'ME CONFEDERATE RAM "MERRLVACK' AND GUNBOATS "
AND RESCUE OF THE UNITED ST
NAVAL BATTLE BEIWJ3BN
tflUlil' lUSTWEitfi Tili* "UUMTOK" (TWO UUKS) AND THE tOM'tDUUTE RaM •• MT.RRUIAL'K ' AM) GUNBOATS " '■ (Kin\\ \ ■■ Asn ■• J.WIKSTuU'N," CARRYING TWKNTY-FOUR fJCTNS. - DEFEAT "** THE CONEEDEBATK BAM AND OUN30ATU
AXD RESOOB OK TEE UNITED SO. ■" STfciliEH, " MINNESOTA," liMll'tvH ROADS, VA., Ma"i:m ^j, isaa.
24#
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
ujsd ok iua "iiuMiuii" in a
flFKORTS TO UliSCDt: TUB ORHW
THE SOLDIER Iff CUR CIVIL WAR.
249
During the two-day b fight, the Minnesota used
282 shells and 247 solid shot, while the Monitor
flred 41 shots from her two pins, and was struck
twenty-two times. The injuries to the Merrimack
;onld not be ascertained.
The Minnesota was got afloat at about two o'clock
Monday morning, with the aid of soveral tngs nnd
after throwing ell but eleven of her serviceable
puns overboard. She was a. oiire taken to Fort-
ress Monroe.
The Munitot .emained in D "mpton Roads, watch-
ing for the reappearance of the Merrimack from
■ ha Ebwibeth River. Only once, however, on tho
11th of April, 1B62, did she nnnear, and succeeded
in capturing three temporarily unguarded FedcnU
transports before tho Monitor could reach her.
The subsequent forced abandonment of Norfolk
compelled the evacuation of tho Confederate posi-
tions at Sewalls Point and at Cmney Island, and
on the 11th. of May, 1SG3, the Merrimack was blown
mi, to prevent her falling into tho hands of the
Federals.
On the Id Hi of May, the Monitor was one of five
sesaeln taken by Commander Rogers up the .Limes
River, with tho view of attacking Richmond, and
which were compelled to fall hack by tho obstruc-
tions placed in tho chnunil at Prewry's Bluff, under
protection of Fort Darling, whoso full lire they
encountered. She wes then in command of Lieu-
tenant William N. Jeffers, who had succeeded
Lieutenant Worden when the latter was disabled,
and who had seen active sen-ice in the Pacific and
during tho Mexican War, besides taking part in
the Japan expedition The Monitor then remained
,it and near Hampton Roads for its additional pro-
tection, until the end of the year, when she was
ordered to proceed to Beaufort, S. C, and loft on
?he 29th of December, 18G2, in tow of tho steamer
Rhode Island.
On tho 31st of December a heavy gale sprang
up, and soon increased in such intensity that it
was deemed best to take off tho crew in tho boats
of the Rhode Island. Nearly all tho men wore
taken off with the greatest difficulty, Commander
Bankhead being the last to leave tho battery.
The latter was last seen at midnight, when she
•nust have foundered, carrying down with her
twelve men, wliOj from excessive tear, could not bo
induced to aiakc the hazardous attempt of lea-Ting
lie turret to enter tho boats.
11 lire Southern rebellion tlint the I
■ ■IK- till- lil-
n. In, I nil I y tho
JOHN IORIMEB WORDE1T.
-Ihls .\
s of tho
1..1 1 1
JOHN ERICSSON.
Boas a'. Wcrmelnnd. Sweden, July Slul. 1803. Afl a boj
be showed gi-nius for invention. Al eleven years of age \\:
was appointed a cadet ia Ihis Swedish Engineer Corps, where
he stum rose to a lieutenancy Fie was engaged on ncverul
public works In his own country, and in t830 entered tiio
Swedish army as ensign. While in the Bcrvice. In 1838, lie
invcnlcd a " flame-eceioe," Which be was given leave lo lake
to England, in order lo try and introduce it Ihcrc In Ibis
ulcrririse he did not succeed, and encountered heavy ex-
penditures, which induced him to retire from the service aad
to devote his time exclusively to 1 11 eel) antral pursuits. One
of the successful results of lilt elloru was the application
a artificial draft to steam boilers, introduced on the Liv-
erpool and Manchester Railway, In England, null tlte uso
of which ha* "inre become universal. He Invented Ibo screw
is 11 means of propulsion in steamers, anil made liiat new
arcingeinen: in Bhips-of-war which planes tho machinery
bc-lnw the Wuler- line, linn r.v^liiiii.ui/in^ llie navies of the
vorld. The Invention be offered to the Dritish Admiralty.
:' Li.l -111.. Miliui; in IlilillL' it Jlli,i[i\rlnci[ilo rejeetid In- llto Brlll-li
Admiralty. She was the First ibip-of-war built with llie pro-
oclllng machinery below the water-line. In ldGB, lie so per
tried the caloric engine1 ivliicli lie linrl iu vented iiiinleeu
years before, that tie nucccid'il in |in.|>< Mini: Willi it llie
steamer Brtemm, which made her tlrnl trip In 1853. In 1801,
lie pmp'rijl to the United Slates Ooventrnent (lie building of
mi iron steam floating battery upon an entirely novel ninl
unprecedented plan, 1 olit.iiin-d the cull r;ict for one to be
launched In n hundred days The buttery was lo bo bull!
entirely at Eric-won's olpeiiHU, and to be accepted only after
proof of it* ellicncy. It was liuilt accordingly, will) tho aid
"I pu bl Ic-B pi riled men In Troy and New Haven, ami on Ihu
Bib of March, 1802, It appeared in Hampton Road", succeed-
ing In a few hours, under Mm command of Lleulelinnl J. L-.
Worden, hi disabling and forcing bach the- Confederate rani
tttnimask, which was five times tier size, and laid an arma-
ment four rimes (muter than bur own. Brlnwon mimeu the
Littery, M itnln-j mlvi"iiig Captain
Adams of tho Siii'rw bow he was in l>c reinforced, He took
the land mule, and fearing arrest, destroyed the dbnatchm,
WLjo he reached .Moulgomeiy, be mi: stoppud and searched.
WILLIAM N. JEI'FF.nS.
but no papon being fount! apnn hint, ho was (riven b) tioiv
eral llragg a puss allowing him I" visit Captain Adams, lo
whom bo gave from memory Ibo unnlcnis of tho dispatches,
Tho reinforeemeiils rescind their deSlitinllOIl, anil Upon his
return lo I'enwicoln be was arrested and rotillneil us a [iris
oner of war until iixohiiuged in November, IH0>.
In March. 1803. he was given the command of thci/™rft"
in which his heroic nnd skillful conduct during her notable
engagement with tin; Confederate nun ifr-rrimn/k gained him
u world-wide rcpiilntion. Toward the close of llie action hii
eyes were seriously injured by tho explosion of a shell agninsi
the pilot-house of Iho ihnitvr, causing nearly tolal hiinduea
for a long period ;ifierward.
A few days afler Iho cngBgernonl President Lincoln called
upon Cnmmandi r W firib-n in Wiisliingli-iii, and found bin
lying in boil nltenik-il by Mrs. Worden, and with his eyes
closely bnnd aged. As Lincoln sat beside Worden, the latter
exclaimed: "Mr. President, you do nic great honorl" l<
which Lincoln replied: "No, sir, no, sir; it li you wbt
do mc honor, am] confer honor on tho country."
For his services lie received the thanks of the United State
Congress and of the New York Chamber of Commerce.
TIIE BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE- ELK HORN
Whilk 'he forces under General Grant and Com-
mander Footo were operating against Fort Henrj
and Fort Donelson, the army which had licet.'
placed in charge of G.-neral Samuel R. Curtis was
actively on its way southward from Springfield,
Mo., which had hecn again occupied by the Fed
erala late on the 13th of February, in hopes a,
meeting Price's forces.
Curtis hud hud running fights with the enemy
anil captured on tho way a large number of recruits
intended for Price's army, among these being the
hitter's son, Edward Price, who had recently beer
promoted to a brigadier-generalship.
On tho aotii of February, Curtis had ordered
forward two regiments of infantry under Lieu-
tenant-colonels Herron nnd Phelps, Captain Hay-
den's buttery of artillery, and four detachment:
of cavalry under Coicmul Ellis and Majors Bolivar.
McConnell and Wright, to attack a brigade of Con
fedcrato troops at Cros3 Holloas under the com-
mand of Ooloncl Hubert, which ho defeated, aftci
losing nineteen killed and wounded. He had sub-
sequently pushed on as far ns Fuyettcvillc, which
the Confederates had left burning before crossing
over the Boston Mountains, and there remained
subsisting all along on the enemy, until the 1st o'.
March, when, learning that Price was being strongly
reinforced, he first fell back to Sugai
Creek, close by Bentonville, and, later
on, to ,1 place near Mottsvillo, south of Pea Ridge.
Genera] Curtis's army then consisted of four
divisions. Tho First and Second Divisions, under
G eno.nl Fnma Sigel, embraced three brigades in
tho First Division, commanded by Colonels Peler
J. Csterhaus, Nicholas Grouse, and Coler; and
two brigades in tho Second Division, commanded
by Colonel A. Asboth, who had under him Col-
oneh Fredorick Schncffer and Joliet. These two
divisions included part of tho Third Missouri anil
tho Second, Twelfth, Fifteenth and Seventeenth
Missouri ; tho Twenty-fifth. Thirty-sixth end Forty-
fourth Illinois Infantry Regiments; the Sixth Mis-
souri, and part of tho Third nnd Fourth Missouri
Cavalry; the Benton and tho Fremont Hussars; part
of tho Thirty- ninth Illinois Cavalry, and twenty-
four pieces of artillery. Tho Third Division, undei
Colonel Jefferson 0. Davis, embraced two brigades,
commanded by Colonels Benton and Julius White,
nnd included tho Eighth, Eighteenth and Twenty-
second Indiana, tho Ninth Missouri nnd the Thirty
seventh Illinois Regiments of Infantry, tho First
Missouri Cavalry and tho First Indiana 4111] Second
Illinois Batteries uf Artillery, ton guns. The Fourth
Divines, under Colonel Eugene A. Cavr, embraced
two brigades, I amlid by Colonels Gronvillo M.
Dodge and William Vnndover, and included the
Fonrth and Ninth Iowa. Thirty-fifth Illinois, and
tbu Twenty-fifth Missouri Regiments of Infantry,
Iho Third Illinois Cavalry, nnd tho First and Third
Iowa Batteries of Artillery, ten guns. Besides the
above, wore tho following not brigaded : The
Twenty -fonrth and part of tho Third Missonn
Infantry, tho Third Iowa Cavalry, Bo wen's bat-
talion of Missouri Cavalry, and Captain Stevens'
battery of four gnus.
General Price's army had been strengthened b\
General Hon MoCnlloeh's force, of both of whicli
tho ohiof command was taken by G on eral Earl Vui
Dorn, who, on tho 30th of January, had been ap-
pointed Oom.mn.nder of tho "."-nils-Mississippi Du-
pnrtmont, comprising tho States of Arkansas,
Missouri and Louisiana as far south as tho fled
River and tho Indian Territory west of Arkansas.
To thoso forces wore afterward added Iho Wcy
bodies of Indium under General Albert Pike
2.50
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CW1L WAR.
wt il"i •
THE SOLDIER /A OUR CIVIL WAk.
fhe total Confederate force waa
about 35,000, And that of tbe Fed-
erals nearly 11,0(10 men.
General Van Dorn, accompanied
oy Generals Price, MeCulloeh, Piko
and Mcintosh, began his ndvanco on
the morning of the 6th of March
toward tho position hold by Sigol'a
divisions, then near Bentonville..
halting that night at Cross Hol-
lows, about twelve miles from Sugar
Creek. When Sigel became aware
of the perilous condition of his
force, both by scents and by a mes-
sage from General Curtis, he sent
his cavalry to Osage Springs, in
order to cover his right flank, and,
(paring tho Thirty-sixth Illinois and
part of the Second Missouri at Ben-
innville ns a rear guard, ho dis-
patched his train forward to join
tho main army at Sugar Creek.
The misunderstanding of an order
l>y Colonel Schaeffer came near, how-
over, proving disastrous to the Fed-
erals. He bud also marched forward,
leaving behind some 000 mon and
Ave pieces of artillery, which were
shortly after surrounded by a bat-
talion of Louisiana infantry and
some cavalry, by whom they would
have been captured, had it not been
that Sigel was within easy reach,
and at once so skillfully handled
(he rear gu d, ns to repel tho at-
tacks made upon it, both from the
rear and on its two flanks. Sigcl's
force cnt its way through finally,
and bravely fell back, contesting
every inch of the road, until joined by a detach
*5*
lost, and which, they trained or.ee
more upon the enemy, at last com-
pelling its flight, with quite a severe
lnsa, including Generals McCnlloch
and Mcintosh, and Colonel Hubert,
who were left on the field, mortally
wounded.
Tho Confederates tried to reform,
but by the time thoy were ready foi
an advance they wero met by a force
under Sigel, which had arrived with
two batteries, anil these, being well
posted, did such effective work as tc
compel the enemy to once more fall
back in dismay toward the position
held by Genoral Price.
Hero tho engagement had been
going on steadily, Price being deter-
mined, apparently, to carry tbe
ground at all cost. Regiment after
regiment waa hurled against Carr's
force, until it bed to yield, losing
one of its guns. Reinforcements
had been asked for, but did not
come up. Carr was wounded in
three places, and ammunition waa
running short. Discouragement was
becoming apparent. Finally Curtis
sent, under Major Bowen, hie body-
guard of cavalry and a small how-
itzer, all lie conld spare.
Carr felt that a supreme effort
must now bo made, and advancing
along tbe line, bareheaded, covered
with blood, and one arm in a sling,
cried out: "One more struggle;
boys, and the day is ours ! Sigel
v, coming up to reinforce you." At
this the men advanced with the
Davis, who, with White's brigade, came up, and bayonet, and pressed ahead quickly, soon recover-
ment sent out by General Curtis, when tho pursuit engaged the forces under MeCulloeh, Mcintosh and ing the field they had abandoned, and maintain-
was ended. Tho Federal loss was 38 killed and Pike. Hero the battle raged fiercely, each sido ing it, under cover of Asboth s guns, although the
wounded, and nearly 60 prisoners. General Sigel alternately advancing and retreating, until, finally, latter shortly became useless for want of nmmu-
liiniself at ouo time having barely escaped capture, it seemed impossible for the Federals longer to litiou.
The battle of Pea Ridge, or Elk Horn, as it was withstand the fresh reinforcements contiunally Night put an end to any further active work,
called by tho Confederates, commenced on Friday reaching tho Confederates. and tbe wearied troops slept on their arms, in
morning, tho 7th of March. Price's force was then Tho Eighteenth Indiana Regiment, however, anticipation of perhaps a still more serious en-
f'mnd to be on the main road, near Elk Horn coming up and engaging both tho Indians and gugerncnt the following day.
Tavern, north of Curtis's camp; MeCulloeh and Texans with tho bayonst, inspired the Federals Saturday morning found tho lines changed once
Mcintosh were confronting Sigel and Ostcrhans, on with renewed courage. They made another ad- more. General Davis had tho right, Sigel the left.
Curtis's right. Van Dorn's headquarters facing tho vnnce, and forced back tho opposing force, recap- and Carr the centre. The battle was opened by
divisions under Asboth, Carr aud Davis: and Gen- tni!;i£ the two guns which they had previously Davis's brigades, well supported by artillery, and at
end Pike's force had been sent further
•.o the right, mainly to divert atten-
tion fro"j the intended attaek in Cur-
tis s rear.
General Curtis was thus forced te
change hi3 line of battle. He placed
"•igel and Asboth on the left, Carr and
Osterhaus on tho right, and Davie in
'he centre, the lino extending about
three and a half miles from Sugar
Creek to Elk Horn Tavern, aud leav-
ing between the contending forces a
'leop ravine called Cross Timber Hoi-
low.
Tho Twenty -fourth Missouri wot
the first attacked, near Elk Horn
Tavern, and Cclonel Carr immediately
went to its relief, bringing on n gen-
eral engagement. Oritcrhaiis was sent
with part of the Third Iowa Cavalry,
Hie Twenty-second Indiana Infuntry,
the First Missouri Cavalry. and David-
son's Peoria Battery of three guns, to
ittarJt what was believed to he a small
nody of Confederates in tho direction
"f Li- -In .VII.
The cavalry and tho battery wro
"uut ahead, and had apparently dis-
persed them, but when tho remainder
"f the Federals hail como up, tho
Kinds wore found to ho full of Con-
federates, who fell upon tho advanc-
ng force, and made anch a fiorco
onslaught upon it, that it was broken
fwundcr and almost swept from tho
neld, with tho loss of two of its guns.
Its total ront must, nndor tho cir-
cumstances, have been tho result of
ft" ndmi.ablo trap set for if but for
^ timely succor given it by Goner*.
M. _.'.,. :- li.KL,
became very active on both
sides. In addition, there was con-
centrated upon tho Confederates the
fire of two Iowa batteries, while Sigei
was preparing to carry out tbe most
important part of the intended ope-
rations.
At last, after tho artillery had done
its allotted work, tho left wing ad-
vanced np the hills, while Davis
pushed on also vigorously, and turn-
ing the Confederate left, exposed if
to an enfilading firo from the nriil-
lery, which seemed to carry all before
it. Both of tho Confederate flank f
wcrc soon enveloped, and a cIiiiijji
with the bayonet was ordered.
Position after position was taken,
the Twelfth Uireouri and tho Thirty-
sixth Illinois Regiments especially
distinguishing them solves, and within
(wo hours the Confederates wero in
flight along the v, hole line. A* on
Horn's army faking a southern direc-
tion, while Price's n:ade iff way to-
wurd Keitsvillo, followed closely bv
Sigol'a forces.
The Federal loss in killed, wounded
and missing was 1,384, of which 1,020
belonged to Davis's Mid Carr's divi-
sions. Tho Confederates lost 2,000
in killed, wonuded and prisoners.
Among the missing Federals was
Lieutenant-colonel F. J, Hermit, who
commanded tho Ninth Iowa while
its Colonel, William Vaiidi'ver, headed
olio of Carr's brigades. During tho
second day's fight, while leading a
charge, bis horso was shot under him
liv a. cannon-ball, which at tho earna
^>~-J
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
UNITED STATES TKAHSPOHT " \V. B. TEUUY" PUSHINO HER WAY THROtTOH THE SWASH'S AT ISLA.1D iN'J. 10
TU THE ASSISTANCE OP GENERAL POPE AT NEW MAIHflh
HE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL. "*:
*53
ottiu iirofce odo of nis ankles. He remained, never-
theless, nt the front, and while iu the net of cheer-
ing his met), suddenly found himself attacked by
n large Confederate force by which he was made a
prisoner.
FRANZ SIGEL.
Bom si Bmhdm, in Bnnirin. November 18th, 1B34;
received hia education at (be military school of Carlaruho;
entered the army of the. Grand Duke of Baden, in which hi*
promotion was so rapid, tlmt In 1847 he had attained thomuk
of chief adjuiant ; resigned from the army, nod took pari in
ice revolutionary movement of 1848, being Boon uppoinlcd to
Ihc chief command of one of Urn aniues of the Liberals, and
tecoraing Minister of War on the 1st of Juno of the last-
named year. He took iiart in Itiu unsuccessful campaign
•gainst the Prussians, and greatly distinguished himself in
many engugoments, having, in quo instance, liut 80,000 troops
opposed (o nearly BO.OOO, mid succeeding in effecting a retreat
without the loss of men or artillery. He withdraw to Swit-
zerland, aud run limd (I" i> until i \pilh-d liy l He Swiss Gov-
ernment, when lie e*M to ihe I'nitid Bhta Ho was for a
few years lurcher of ranlhemnlics in c New York academy,
■ :,■
■i cnllr-J
lVh-Ti' ]]
branches. In 1801 he nhandoucd wailemic life, and look
command of Mio Germans ia Si. Louis who had tendered
their serviiiis !o lliu tVli'ftd Gnv" lit, U-ini: thin mud'1
colonel of the Third Missouri Volunteers. He rook part in
the capture of Camp ,I;i< k-.ni, :md in the Initios of Carthage
nod Wilson's Creek ; conducted the retreat from Springfield
to Holla, and was eotnmi-.-i..ind a brlgnuli x-pmonil io dale
from Hay ITth, INJI. Dacaawi HhM ■ division under Fre-
mont ia Soiiiln m UTI wrl, oad tt.uk ptainfncnt part at the
Liattle of Pm Ki.l^ . in M.n- ■ 1801 He reigned from the
-Tny two months Inter, in wnscqmmco of unpleasant rela-
tions with Major- general Hallnk. hut was afterward sum-
moned to Washington, liuide a major-general Io dale from
March 21st, 1802, aiid placed iu charge of the troops at Har-
per's Ferry, Juno 2d, 18S3. He succeeded lo Ibe command
■if General Fremont's army i-.irp=, .lime 20th; served under
Pope in Virginia : took part ia Ihc sccmid baitlu of Bull
CAPTURE OF NEW MADP.ID AND 0*
ISLAND NO. 10.
General LTalt.hok's plana for tlie rniohstrnciod
" of tho Mississippi Iiiver could not, cf
be carried out, so long as the Confederates
were allowed a stand at Now Mad.d and at Island
Kb. 10.
The garrison at Now Madrid had been strength-
ened by tho forcd previously guarding Columbus,
and wiu in clmrgo of General J P. McCown, while
that at Island No. 10 was commanded by General
Beauregard, who had just been placed at the head
t;tl
of 51 killed and wounded. The lenses of the Con-
federate* could not be ascertained.
"While Pope's fo-ccs were taking possession of
New Madrid, Commodore Foote was on his way
from Cairo with a licet of eight gunboats, ten
On the way down the river, the town of II ickninn
was quietly taken possession of, and, on the loth,
the licet anchored within live miles of Island No.
If), where it was joined by two steam-transports
conveying tho Sixteenth and the Forty-second Illi-
nois Regiments, and two batteries of light artillery.
Iteconnoissanees wore immediately made in all
directions, and on Sunday, the ll'.tb of March,
Commodore Foote was ready to open firo on tho
Confederate works.
These had been rendered almost, impregnable to
assault by one soricB of batteries supported by
another, and In all of which wore mounted guns of
tho heaviest calibre which boro in every direction
whence an advance was likely to he attempted.
Tho great engineering skill of tho commanding
was kopt up incessantly, and one might Say fiercely,
until about half-past four o'clock in tho afternoon,
without eliciting any reply from the Confederates,
and without creating any apparent damage.
Just before five o'clock, Lieutenant Keith's
Second Illinois Battery was landed on tho Missouri
shore, and opened on the Confederate gunboats,
driving thorn away before dark, after sustaining a
loss of three men.
On tho 17th, the fleet could not well get into
position for a rouowal of tho attack, by reason of a
thickly-settled fog, until near eleven o'clock. At
this time, a somewhat novel and formidable floating
battery had been contrived by tho Federals, who
had lashed together tho gunboats Bmton, Cincin-
nati aud&i. ZoHW.und advanced them eloso to thy
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
*57
Confederate batteries. "ine battery was supported tho important semco they had rendered the Fed-
by the gnnbonts Carondelet, Mound City and Pitts- era! cuu6e.
burg, and, under their combined fire, two of the Long before the arrival of tho Carondolet, Gen-
"ioiny*B guns wore dismounted, and EOmo of Lueii1 oral Popo liud come to a liko conclusion relative
co-operation of a land force, hut he had
means of assisting Footo until General
lamilton suggested tho construction of a
should admit of tho transportation at
lie desired point. Hamilton's plans woro
aed, and, with tho able assistance of Col-
I5i---.11 and Lieutenant Henry B. Gaw, of
;ers, tlio work was proceeded with.
earthworks and buildings soriously damaged. The to tli
.■ngagemont lasted until near sovon o'clock, when found n
the gunboats and tho buttery withdrew. Tho firing Schnyloi
of tho Confederates had bcoa steadily sorved, mainly canal Hi
from thoir Oi-poundora and from a very powerful troopi b
rifled gnu. fully ind
Tho Benton received three shots and tho Oincin- onol .1. 1
•tali one; but, strange as it may appear, no ouo the Engi
on board the boats was injured by tho guns from Tho steamboats 11'. B. Terry, Emma and Gilmore,
tho island. On board tho St. Louis, however, two and soveral gun-barges, woro ordered from Cairo,
rjen were killed outright, and two o thorn were very and tho undertaking was pushed with so much in-
Boriously wounded by the bursting of her rifled tercet and energy, that, by the 5th of April, a canal
22-pound port-bow gun, which occurred early in tho fully twelve miles long and about fifty feet in width
afternoon. most of the way had been constructed from oppo-
With (lib exception of tho firing of 11 few shots by sito Island No. 8 across tho swamps to a point op-
tho Bunion, the mortar-boats alone attacked the posito New Madrid. This was d№ silenced 11 battery, of which the guns woro
set in early on tho evening of tho 3d, and at mid- afterward spiked by Captain Marshall and a fo'v
night tho Carondelet sot out on her perilous undor men who wore sent nxhoro for the purpose,
taking, fiho had entertained hopes of passing tho After her return to New Madrid, tlio Carondelet
batteries in tho intoiiso darkness that sometimes was joined by tho Piltnbiiry, which hud succeeded
followed tho flashes of lightning, but tho latter in running safely past the Confederate boats and
became almost continuous after ehc had got beyond hatlories, and both the gunboats were ordered to
the upper tort, and, revealed as sho was to tho Con- proceed on a recouuoissaueu and clear tho way bc-
fedorates, sho had to encounter thoir flro at all yond Tiptonvillo, where Popo intended to land his
points. On she sped, however, as fast as sho could, own troops, as well us those arriving by tho canal,
making nc roply wlintovor, and finally reached Now They succeeded, after n steady iiik. systematic
Madrid without tho loss of a man or injury to cannonading, in silencing all tlio ballorios on the
herself. shore, Commnndor Walko spiking many of tho
Ccrr.niaudur Walke and Ills crow woro received giuui below Watson's Landing. Thus was a pass-
with tho wildest enthiiBiawn by Pope's soldiors, ago oloared for Pope's advance-, which took plaoo
and tho gallant feat was praised in all directions, on soon as ho observed tho signal that 110 obstmo-
Thu Secretary of tho Navy dnly thanked tlio tions remained,
•ffjeera and men for their courageous act, and for Ah Pono's forces woro crossing tho river, howovor,
they loomed that tho Conleo.uK.ies were abandon
ing their works and fleeing in tho direction ol
Tiptonvillo, the only avenue through which they
could escape.
Tho troops were therefore hurried forward as
soon as landed at Watson's Landing, and Hamilton's
force bivouacked that night at Tiptonville. Early
tlio next morning, Hamilton's men were ordered to
skirt tho shore of Reelfoot Lake, while General
I). S. Stanley moved along tho Mississippi shore
and General Paine continued up tho road. The
Confederates were thus driven back towartf tho
swamps, and nothing was left tbom but to sur-
render.
A Hug of tmco was at tho same time being dis-
patched from Island No. 10 to Commodore Footo,
with an offer to surrender, which was accepted, and
Colonel Baford was immediately sent with the
Twenty-seveuth Hlinois Regiment to occupy the
island and neighboring batteriefl.
General Beauregard had become- satisfied that his
position could not be held as soon as the blockade
had been successfully run and tho canal was fin-
ished. Ho had then determined to evacuate Island
No. 10, and after sinking tho gunboat Grampus
and six steamboats so as to obstruct tlio
channel, had turned over tho command ot
the island to General V. D. McCall, left the
other forces in chargo of General McCown,
and taken tho best portion of the army with
him to Corinth.
The surrendered troops numbered 7,273.
and included Geuomls McCall, Walker and
Gantt. Tho Federals captured, besides, 123
cannon and mortars, nearly 10,000 stand
of arms, a floating-battery, several steam-
boats, many horses and mules, and a large
quantity of ammunition and stores of all
descriptions.
Thu casualties on either side prove- to
havo been very few during the entire siege
JOHN POPE.
Boas in Louisville, Ky., March 16th, 1823; en
tared thi? Military Academy nt West Point ui lSiS,
and graduated in 18-12, receiving the rank of brevet
second lii- 11 tenant ot T-i[>ii:rn'liii- il Hninaecra oa the
l^t of ttic follc-wiag July. Be look part la the
survey ot tbo Northeast bouadary-line between the
United Slates and the British Po-scssions in North
America : entered tho Mexican War, and distin-
guished himself therein, more particularly nt tho
battles ot Monterey and Buena Vista, whero be was
given the brevets of lirat lieutenant nad car. tain.
He afterward nerved as an Engineer officer in New
Mexico und in Minnesota Territory. Between 1853
and 1850 ho explored the roate for a Pacific railway
from tho Rio Grande to the Red River, having
meanwhile, in 1856, beta made a captain in the
Regular Army. Ho was placed on lighthouse duty
until the breaking oat of the Civil War, when be
was commU-i'uifl a or gad i.-r- general of Volunteers.
His operations in Missouri were carried on with great Judg-
ment, anil it was mainly through his able management of
llie campaign ihut Price was forced to the southeastern
portion of tho Slate, 11 rid that New Madrid was taken (March
Mill, 1802). One week later ho '"as com missioned a major
general, anil oa the 8th of April, Island No. 10 was captured
by him, wilh the assistance of Commodore Foote. At the
bead of 25,000 men bo joined the combined armies undii
General llnllcck on Ibo 22d of April, and participated ta the
advance on Corinth. On the Slilh of June he wus ordcrm
East, aad two days later he look command of tlio Army ot
Virginia, comprising the forces uader Banks, McDowell ami
Fremont. Satisfied thai 110 effective cu "|n-nHioa could Ciist
between his army mid that of llie Potomac without a gcnernl-
iuchlcf, he suggested thai Hall.-, k bo called from tho West
and appointed lo Ilia chief command. On the Htli of tug
some month l'n|"i WaS promoted In !"■ a brigadier-general in
tho Regular Army, ami issued mi ad.1-.--, wherein he mated
that ho had left at the West an army whose policy bad been
" attack aad not defease," aad who had " ahvnys soca llie
Imcksof their enemies." lb- had heard a great deal of " taking
etroog uositlona nad hold! ug them," as well us ot ■' lines ot
retreat and ba^es of supplies"; wliat !"• wanted ivns lo ilad
positions from which his men could •' most easily advance
against tho enemy, sillily Ihu nrobabhi linos of retreat of llnir
opponent', and leave their own to laka care of themselves";
limy should all, hi fact. " look before mid not lehJud." Pin*
>™k tho field ou thu 211th of July, and one. monlh hilw
fought the unsuccessful second battle 01 Bull Run. Ub took
part also in llie eiiRiigemcnt nt Clmntilly. which was fought
nlhe
mood of thn Army of Virginia, which latter Iwcnrao imrt of
the Army of the Polnmoo, aad he resumed comiaiiad of lh<-
Department of the Hnrthwnst,
BOMBARDMENT OF ISLAND NO. 10 AND THE CONFEDERATE FORTII
NIGHT ATTACK ON ISLAND No. 10 BY THE FEDERA
From a Skbi<
BOJOUEDHENT OF 1SLMSD SO. 10 AHD THE C0SFEDHUT2 WRTIhIaTIOI™ OK THIS KENTUCKY SHOHB, OPPOSITE, M411CH lJra, 1881
FnoH a Smatr G Lorn
260
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
CAPTAIN MORRIS 3 BATTERY OF BO-POUNIi
G ON FORT MACON, APRIL COrn, IbUi
CAPTURE OF SOUTH MILLS
AND OF FORT MACON.
Shobtly after the occupation of
Beaufort, H. C, a force nnder Gen-
eral Reno, consisting of the Sixth
Sew Hampshire, Ninth and Eighty-
ninth New York. Twenty-first Mas-
sachusetts and Fifty-first Pennsyl-
vania Regiments, had advanced up
the Pasquotank River to intercept a
body of Confederates about leaving
for Norfolk.
By an oversight the Confederates
were informed of the movement, and
when the Federals had come within
ahont a mile and a half of South
Mills, they were unexpectedly met
by a fire of grape and canister from
a force concealed in the woods. Tliia
attack was bravely withstood and re-
JIORTAR PRACTICE - PUTTING IX THE SHELL,
apondod to, and in a short time the
opposing force waa compelled to fall
back in tho woods, whence they were
afterward rapidly driven by one of
tho transports in charge of Captain
Tho Federal loss was 113. That
of the Confederates could not bo as
ccrtained.
A few hours after tho battle. Gen-
eral Reno's force returned to its
starting-point.
In the meantime. General Parke
had made a reconnoissaueo on Bogus
Spit, and, with the aid of tho Fourth
and Fifth Rhode Island and tho
Eighth Connecticut Regiments, had
driven in the Confederate pickets,
and secured a favorable location for
the batteries intended to operate
against Fort Macon. These batteries
*imј%^
THE ItUNUU MU11TAK UA'
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
26S
TRANSFER OF RELEASED PRISONERS FROM THE "PILOT HOY" TO THE "OOSSACK,"
Stouut ASxmarU
IS PAMLICO SOUSn, M. 0.
lonsisted of four 10-inch
mortars, four S-incli
jortara and three 33-
[ ound Parrott guns,
'inder the respective
0 in ni 11 n d s of Lieu-
tenants Flagler and
i rooty, Third New
York Artillery, and of
Lap tain Morris, First
Regular Artillor)'.
Preparations were com-
pleted on the 2 4th of
i-pril, when General
Bnmaide arrived, and
j r ] y the following
morning the bombard-
ment bega'j with the
1 0-inch mortars, which
ivore eoon followed by
'he other batteries, as
l'11 as by a steady fire
.rom the gunboats Day-
:: .1 in mptruitiiideut of the Overland Wngou
Road to California In this service be distinguished himself
in repeated encounters with the Indians, who threw serious,
obstacles in his way. In his second expedition, fcurveying
for a railroad, be was the only survivor of his party.
Al the breaking out of the Civil War he readcred many
important serviced to the Federal Government. He joined
the staff of General McClellau, in Western Virginia, as a
volunteer, and participated in the successful baltlo of
Philippi. having (litre Lieu giv^n (In cummimd of the Ninth
Indiana and Fourteenth Ohio Regiments. He was afterward
assigned lo Geoerd Rusei rail's ..'..nimaiid, and distinguished
himself at the battle of Rich Mountain, July lllb, 1861.
It is said that when bis nana was shot under him, at the
last-named engagement, he fought oo foot, nod advanced lo
the attack of one of the enemy's guns. He shot all the meu
serving it. excepting three, who bad fled, aad a lieutenant-
whi) bad remained alone, aad who continued to discbarge It
Lander called out to him : '* If you fire that gun again, yon
are a dead man !" to which the lieutenant replied : "Sir. :
shall fire Iho gun as laug as I have life id my body I "
Lander then turned around lo nil men, exclaiming : " 1 can-
not sh'iol so brave a man. You must do it I " and tbe next
moment tin- young lieutenant fell, pierced by many bullets.
After the battle Lander sought the body, and had it con-
voyed, under an escort, across thu mountain, nod caused it to
be delivered to the C on federates. Lauder, who bad been
in -..:.• -. brig idicr-gem-rol, liiinn.d subsequently in a skirmish
nl KIwBtd's Ferry, a few days after the baltlo of Ball's
Bluff, whore ho received a very painful wound In the leg.
Timitifb Mill Buffering greatly from the latter, hetoakcom-
i.i.i.i.l. in January, 1663, of a force of some 4.000 men,
di-ettocd for the protection of Die Baltimore oad Ohio Rail-
road. With these lie successfully repel!..! and made several
attacks, the most daring being that of February 14lli, 1803,
nhco, with but 400 cavalry, b.0 advanced iu the night npoo a
Confederate camp tit Blooming Gnp, capturing 75 men, in-
cluding 17 commissioned otllcera. For his valuable services
Iu Western Virginia, Secretary of War Slaatou publicly
thanked Mm, February 17ib, 1863.
Constant work and exposure, however, aggravated his
wound, and after a while led to a fatal congestion of Iho
brain, from which be died, on the 3d or March, 1SU3, while
nt Pnw-Paw, Vii., on tlio Upper Potomac. His wife, Jeuu
Mm gnral Davenport, was a distinguished actress piavinus to
her marriage In 1800. Shu served as liospllal nilrao rtll
through the war, and In 1805, returned In the stage.
Upon General Ll odor's death, McClelland issued a general
order commending his many qualities. Ills body was lokou
to Washington and embalmed, nod lay iu state at the res-
idence of Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of tho Treasury, being
afterward removed to New York, and thonco to Salem, where
luipOUlUg mi .■- ■-■.• Wl ii- belli ill Ulii ij-i!. li.;!Uv [jhlCU.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
UATTLE of sniLOH ok PITTSBURG
LANDING.
OOC'-TATION OF CORINTH, MISS,
Immediately after the surrender of
Port Donolson, General Grunt was oa-
signed by General Ilnlleck to the com-
mand of the new West Tennessee Dis-
trict, "limits not defined," nnd ect about
actively nmfcing preparations tor the cap-
ture of Corinth, which ivns n point of
grout strategic vuhie, nt the junction or
the Mobile end Ohio and tbo Charleston
ami Metnpl is Railways.
Grunfs pbms were being extensively
"nd rap'.dly carnf-d out, when, to the
great nstonishmonc of nil around him, ho
was ordered, on tlio 4th of March, 1S63,
to turn over his forces to General
Charles Ferguson Smith, and to nwuit
further instructions at Fort Henry. No
reason being assigned for this sudden
outranking, General Grant immediately
courted au inquiry ami asked, mean-
while, to bo at once fully relieved from
duty. This was not done, however, for
Halleek looked into the groundless
njinrges, mainly of neglect, which a jeal-
ous fellow-officer bad raised, nnd satisfy-
ing himself that nothing attached lo
Grant but what was highly commend-
able, the latter was onco more placed in
chief command of the district on tbo
14th of the same month.
Grunt set about more vigorously than
ever to complete bis original plans, nnd
to make up for tlio delays forcibly in-
curred, and at the commencement of
April his army, as well as the two uu-
armored gunboats Tyler and Lexing-
Be' Ion, bad arrived at Pittsburg Laud-
ing, on tbo Temiesseo River. The latter place was
'. lilile over twenty miles to tbo northeast of Co-
lewis Wallace.
rintli, where lay the forces commanded by General
Albert Sidney Johnston, and which bud just been
strengthened by those brought from Island No. 10.
General Beauregard hud generously declined the i-'iliy-wvoith imd iliiv-t^tii niinola.
^3
offer made him by General Johnston to
lurn over to him the command of thh
united forces, having, he said, come to
the West to assis*; Johnston, and not tr
Buucrsede him.
The army under General Grant con.
sisted, first, of five divisions, led by Gen-
erals John A. Modern nod, Lewis Wallace,
William T. Sherman, Stephen A. Hurl-
but and W. H. L. Wallace, the latter
being given tne division heretofore led
by General Charles F. Smith, who had
but just died nt Savannah. A sixth
division was nftorward made up of thu
forces constantly arriving, and given to
General 11. M. Prentiss. The divisions
nnd the subdivisions were ns follows :
Firtt Diemon,
Major-go up ml Join] A. McClornnnd.
First Brigadi- <1.) Colonel A. St. Ilure ; (B.
Colonel M. 31. Crocktr- Eiidilb nnd Eighteenth
Illim-i-. Eleventh mid Thirtecnib Iowa, Betoni)
illin.>i-i Light Artillery (Bnltery D).
Second Brigade- Colonel C C. Marsh- Elev
enlli, Twentieth, Forly-Dflh and Forty-ughth
Illinois.
Third Brigade- (1.) Colonel Julius Ibiilh ; (2.)
Lieutcnaut -colonel E. P. Wood - Seventeenth,
Twenly-uinth, I'nrty-lhird nnd Fortyuiolh 1111
nois, Cumiiclind's Illinois Cavalry.
Not Brigadtd- Stewart's I'.llD3is Covidry, First
rUinois Light Artillery (Bullery D), Strand Illi-
nois Light Artillury (Bullery E), Fourteenth
Ohio Baltay.
Second Ditixian.
(I.) Brigadier. general W. II. L. Wallace;
<2.) Colonul James II. Tut lit.
First Brigade- Colonel James M. 'fin tie- Sec
ond, Seventh, Twelfth and Fourteenth iowu.
Second Brirjii'le - (1.) P.ri.-nlirr general Jobr
JIcArthur; (3.) Colonel Thomas Morion- Ninth
and Twelfth Dtinols Eighty -first Ohio.
Thirteenth Missouri, Beige's Sharpshooters (Fonrtecnlb
Missouri),
Third Brigade- (1.) Colonel T. W, Sweeny : (3.) Colons:
S. D. Baldwin- Ei-li ill Imvn, Seventh, Filiislh, fclfty-eecocd
\
^
\
v\\
Gen Shr/mnns air/a- V. ^oK№
ion fo/t bark to Uur -& V^
"* A6 ^ J? \_
^V jy "'■"" -jr, Om.WO'ffniiuiN-hn
,"." ,"?" ^*-№№^> !^*-™ front to mat tltcim
'-'■- ^ ..'•■ -'.IIILOH /V, . "/"", Uasrotid.
' a: - - a r-"l .lFDowi-U
E - M ? C L'E R N A N D S O.'VISIUN,^ ^№> *'.
-4c .£/ј• \ C"iM? Arthur^ }
VLAV r,iiu,viMi THE BOADH AW1> ItJfliiluN OF THE CAilPS, UltKvtWi "*I> KUHl.W THK BATTLB OF HU1LOH
i- .>.■■. i Skitiiu a\ li. l-n ".
2bt[
THE SOLDIER IjV OUR CIVIL WAR.
■
w\
WV~ PfniiM
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
265
Not Brignderj- Axon-1 United States Cn".
airy (Coin puny C), Fourth. United States
Cavalry (Cnmpany I). Second Illinois Cbv-
airy (Compimics A Had BV First Rlinob
Light Artillery (BntWrv -v First Missouri
Light Artillery (Batteries I>. H and K).
TJiird Dhition.
Major-general Lewis Wallace.
First Brigade- Culnnel Mori;nn L, Stnita
-Eighth Missouri, Eleventh and Tuenty-
rourlh rndiniin.
Second Brigade- Colonel John M. Thayer
-First Nebraska, Twenty-third Indiana,
Fifty-sixth nnd Fi.'-v. eighth Ohio,
Third Brtgndo- Cclone! Charles Whit-
tlesey- Twentieth, Sixty-eighth, Sfrenty-
5I1U1 iuid Sevenij-cighfli Ohio.
Not Brigaded- Tli urher's First Missouri
Light Artillery ( Battery I), Tuompwn'a
Ninth Indiana Battery, Fifth Ohio Cavalry
(Third Battalion). Eleventh Illinois Cavalry
(Third Battalion).
Fourth Dititiaa.
itrigndicr-geniral Stephen A. nurlbut
First Brigade- (I) Colonel N.0. Williams ;
'% Colonel Isaac C, Pugh -Third Iowa,
Twenty- eighth. Thirty -second nod Forty-
first Illinois.
Second Brigade- Colonel James C. Viailcli
-Twenlj - fifth Indiana. Fourteenth, Fif-
teenth and Forty-sixth Illinois.
Third B-igmle - Brigadier-general J. the 28th of
March and Columbia "n tltu Bd of
April. His intention wo* to march
ai onco upon Corinth with Buell's
reinforcements, and, pending their
early arrival, ho did not deem it >\3-
cessary to constmct any earthworks
or other temporary means of defeneo.
Upon learning of tho intended
junction of tho two armies, however,
General Beauregard decided to move
•mrnodiatoly from O-inili, and not
inly prevent tlioir union, but, if prjg-
fcilile, to first attack and defeat Grant *
force, and then to likowkfl ■ncccas-
fttlly t
23,000 men had, by steady marclii.tg
through had roads, succeeded in reach-
ing Savannah, only eight miles away
on the opposite side of tlio river.
There it encamped, for no suitable
transports were yet in readiness to
couvey it across.
The Confederate army now op-
posing Grant's forces, and under
General Albert Sidney Johnston,
with General P. G. T. Beauregard
second in command, was subdivided
in the following manner:
Major-general beouldiu I'olk.
FTnt DirCaon.
Brigadlor-geaura! Charles Clark.
First Brigade- Colonel R. M. Rural.
lVcihuI llri^ide - liriyndier-geneni! \. p
Scamtt Dleition.
Major-general B. F. Cheatham.
First Briifule- I!ri^idi.T-i;ciierjl Bashrod
R. Johns ai.
Second .lrigiidc- Colonel TV. II. Stephens.
Total Fii.t Corps, present for uit'.y. 11,853
Major-General Braiton Brage
jTd( Dt'vitian.
BriijiidiiT-gc.icral Daniel Buggies.
First Brigiidc- I lloncl R. I" Gibson.
Second Brigade- Jrigndier-geaeral Pnttan
Anderson.
Third Brigade- Colonel Preston Pond.
Serontl Dicaion.
Brigadier-general J. M. Withers.
First Briirade- BrispidisT-gpnend A. II
Ohuhlen.
Second Brigade
Chalmora.
Third Brigade- Brigadii
Jneksoii.
Total Second Corpt, pi
10,270.
Brigadier ■ general J. R
geoeral J. K
^nt for duty
Hiiidni.
Major-geoeral William 3. Hardee.
Brigade- Brieodlcr-ecneral T. G
Second Brigiidi
V.. Cleburae.
hinl 15ripi.lL - lii
TVi
llrii'adurgeneral P.itiii i
general S. A. il
Totid Thinl Corps, present for daty, -i.TiT
WILLIAM J. HARDEE
Major-general J. C. Breckinridge.
First (Kentucky) Brigade - Colonel It P
Trahne.
Second Brigade- Brigadier- genera] J. S
Bowen.
Third Brigade- Colonel W. 3. Statbaai.
Total Rcaerve Corps, present for duty T.L'll
Total infantry and artillery, 87,589 : t'uv
airy, 2,000. Grand total, 3O,S08.
>W
"lii.
1 it
ground before tlio 7lh ..f April,
Oidcre were accordingly givt
one o'clock on tlto 1
■ rning
at
of tho
Sd, under the supposition "that tho
'■niiru Oonfedoratc force eould be in
the vicinity of Shiloll Chttrcli very
early on the fith, when tlio battle
Several regiments joined the army
on the march to Corinth, increasing
would bo opened. Ttut tho delays incident to the effective- forco present on tho field to 40,335,
Colonel Hill's Tennessee regituout joined during
the ongagomont ""it Sunday.
At about three o'clock on Sunday morning, April
Cth, tho Confederate wmy moved for
ArniL,1sea, , , ,,J
ward very quietly in three lines of
battle, Gonond Hardee's being in the k-ad ncros!
the Corinth Head, while Polk's forcet
were deployed on his loft toward Owl
Creek, and Bragg's division stood od
his right opposite Ridge Road, with
B reek in rid go 's reserves ostending be-
hind Bragg's right wing toward Lick
Greek. At about live o'clock oil was
in readiness for the attack. General
Hardee's pickets drove in those ol
General Prontiss, and a few minutes
later tho active Confederate line fol-
lowed. Almost simultaneously tltu
Confederate brigades *f Anderson
and Pond attacked tho left of Sher-
man's division, posted a little beyond
tho Shiloh Church, nnd fell upon
Prentiss's force, which lny below, and
nl most in a line with Sherman's,
noross the Ridge Road.
i'uc attack proved it complete
PLAN WIOWINO THE POSITION OF TOR FORGES BCnUJO TEH
GREAT ABTILIiERY PI OUT AT PITTSBURG LANDING.
lirletttM "hen I hi
ENGAGEMENT OF GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE'S DIVISION, 0
email n 3tL
268
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THF SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR,
26g
surprise, although tiio Federals should have been
mimed of tin.' dangi-i thrwitt'iiing thorn by an in-
judicious rceonnoissanco which some of the cav-
alry of Bragg's division had previously made in
force, and duriug which they had captured one
officer and several men.
The Confederate onslaught was so fiercely made,
that Colonel Hildebmudt's brigade, which was
largely composed of raw troops, fled back in dis-
may. The First and the Fourth Brigades, under
Colonels McDowell and Backland, which had just
about completed a new line, were likewise rapidly
forced back, with the loss of a battery, upon
McClernand's division. The latter lay in the rear
of Prentiss's force, and had been called up to assist
Sherman on the left, while Hurlbut w:is asked to
come to the aid of Prentiss.
By seven o'clock tho whole of Sherman's lino and
MeClerriand's left were engaged. With the aid of
Taylor's Chicago Battery of heavy gnus, which did
admirable execution, the troops now held their
ground well, euconraged as they were by General
Sherman himself, who was seen exposed in the very
thickest of tho light, although he had been shot
through the hand very early in the action.
Two hours later, Hardee's full column and part
of Bragg's force had emerged from tl.o wood* oppo-
site Sherman's extreme left, and engaged the latter
while Polk was moving toward Sherman's rear.
The Federal columns had heen hurriedly reorgan-
ised by General Grant, who had joined Sherman
without delay upon hear-
ing the sound of battle.
Grant had sent orders to
Geueral Lewis Wallace to
come up from Crump's
Lauding, and a new line
had been formed upon a
ridge in advance of Snake
Creek, where the Con-
federates were ably held
in check, but the re-
mainder of Bragg's di-
vision had in the mean
time thrown nearly its
whole weight upon Pren-
tiss's First Brigade under
Colonel Peabody threat-
ening to overcome it, and
make an opening to tho
river.
Hurlbut had, at tho
first attack, sent only
his Second Brigade, un-
der Colonel Vealch ; but
these not proving suffi-
cient, the First and tho
Third Brigades, under
Colonels Williams and Lauman, had fol-
lowed, too late, however, to do much, if
any, good. Nor did Prentiss's Second
Brigade or General Mo Arthur's brigade of
W. H. L. Wallace's division help matters.
McArthar had been sent to help Stuart's
brigade of Sherman's division, which had
injudiciously been placed beyond a large
intervening gap on tho Hamburg Iioad,
and was then in danger of being cut ulf.
Mistaking the road, however, he had, liko
Colonel Miller, eomo upon a large force of
Confederates, which had compelled both
brigades to fall hack.
An overwhelming force had, meanwhile,
been opposed to Prentiss's First Brigade,
Which had become entirely separated from
tho rest, and had to fight its way unaided.
With his few regiments, Prentiss main-
tained his ground for several hours, fight.
ing steadily all the while, until his rear
being gained by tho Confederates, the force
was completely surrounded, and ho was
compelled to surrender.
Colonel Everett Peabody was killed eaily
in the action. Ho had gone forward with
the Twenty-fifth Missouri Regiment, and
by tho steadiness with which they mot tho
Confederate firo, had prevented what might
well have proved a total surprise to tho
Federals.
After the division of Prentiss's force,
Stuart's brigade was compelled to full back
from ridgo to ridgo until almost entirely
out of the field, the main attack of the successful
Confederates being, however, directed against tho
remainder of McOlernand's forces, then well
stationed along the Corinth and Pittsburg Land-
ing roads.
Fresh Confederate regiments were so ably di-
rected at this point, that McClernand soon had to
give way to the superior numbers, and by eleven
o'clock his army was on a lino with that of General
Hurlbut.
At noon, the Confederates hold possession of the
camps which McClernand, Prontiss, Sherman, and
Stuart had occupied in tho morning, and in ad
dition to the capture already mentioned, had taken
many prisoners, nearly half of both McAllister's and
Schwartz's
irtillei
besides several of Die
and i
horses.
There
but two
of
e^m
VED BY U1S WIG.
EVEltETT PEADODY.
id almost intact, and within reach,
ions, those of General Hurlbut and
W. H. L. Wallace, which, with tho remnants of
Prentiss's army, covered the depots of stores and
ammunition, as well as tho transports. Wallaco
had closed np the gap on Hurlbnt's left, and was
strongly stationed with tho batteries of Richardson.
Stone and Webber, under Major Cavcnder.
Tho object of the Confederates was to turn the
left of the Federah, and to drivo them down to the
river after capturing their base at the Landing.
Opposite Hurlbut stood Johnston, with the divi-
sions of Generals Cheatham, Withers and Breckin-
ridge. Tlic.-e were hurled
njaiust the Federal lino,
and the battle com-
menced anew, raging
fiercely all the after-
noon. Tho chiof ob-
jective appeared to ho
lluiSbut's artillery,
which, admirably lo-
cated nnd served, was
lining great damage.
An assault was made
upon the latter, hut was
repulsed with great Iof.
The attack was renewed
again and again, but
unavailingly, as the Fed-
orals were unflinching.
For a long while they
maintained a successful
resistance, and with the
signal aid afforded them
by Mann's Ohio Battery
of light guns, especially
while deployed at the
Peach Orchard, they held
their ground doggedly.
Superior numbers of Confederates, which
had forced hack the right of the line,
booh commenced an attack upon their
flanks, however, and after battling through
burning woods and across several heavy
ridges, pressed them further toward tho
river. Hero the remnants of McClernand's
and of Sherman's armies soon had to follow
thorn.
By five o'clock tho Federals, aftor their
persistent lighting across all the ridges and
roads, and losing ueariy 4,000 in killed,
wounded and prisoners, were huddled to-
gether in a confused mass upon a plateau
near the high bunks of tho Landing, as
well ns under the banks along tho river
cluso by the transports.
For a while all ellbrls to reform the
troops proved unavailing. Thoro was no
time to lose, however, as the Con federates
could not but soon follow up tho advan-
tages gained. A :t
for a Gnai assault. These guns hod scarcely beet
|j|iiccil in position when the Confederates again, ap-
ncurcd in force, and opened 11 vigorous lire upor
I ho Fedorals, which tho latter promptly met.
Just then the gunboats Tyler and Lexington,
under command of Lieutenant Wil-
liam Gwin, were afforded the oppor-
tunity they had been all day looking
for. They, too, responded to the
Confederate lire, and by unexpect-
edly hurling their eight-inch shell
and sixty-four-pound shot up tho
hill, created dismay throughout tho
ranks in. which they were rapidly
falling.
Toward evening the head of Nel-
son's Fourth Division of Buell's army
came upon the scene. It had hurried
nlung tho overflowed roads on tho
opposite side of the river, and after
dropping the artillery, which they
found they could not drag along
quickly enough, the men were ferried
across in time to aid tho wcllnigh dis-
concerted Federals.
As Atnmen's brigade rushed qnickly
to tlio front, new life seemed to spring through him, and stated that, by reason of the successful div
tlio huddled troops. The Confederates attempted advance of the Confederates, tho Federal right had and Polk's forces, th
time and time again to assault tho Federal pnsi- become tho Confederate rear, in tho direction of by Clark's division, which
itraced Brugg's troops, occupied ibe extreme left.
The remainder of Buell's forces had been arriving
by land and water during tho entire night, and at
break of day the Federals had tho Fourth Brigade
tho roar of battle quickening his stops toward what On the Federal side. General W. H. L Wallace
he believed was the nearest point to tho right of had been mortally wounded, while endeavorne 1o
the Federal army. stom tntJ advilIK.0~ o{ Generals Polk and Hardee's
After marching about six miles, Captain John forces upon bis own aud those of Genera! Shcr-
A. Hawhus, Grant s adjutant-general, had overtaken man, his place being taken by Oolonal J. M. Tnttle,
who had previously headed the First
Brigade.
Monday. April 7th, found the con-
tending armies established upon new
Aunt. lass. littQS• arrangeu> with
great difficulty during
the dark aud very stormy night that
had followed the previous day's
bnttlo.
The incessant firing of the gun.
boats had compelled the Confederates
to abandon fully one-half the ground
they had previously gained, and they
were now stationed a little in ad-
vance of the camps originally oc-
cupied by Sherman, JleClernand and
Prentiss. General Hardee held the
right of the line with his own divi-
sion, having on the extreme right of
the latter both Chalmers's and Jack-
son's brigades, belonging to Withera's
and next to these came Breckinridge's
PLAN OF DEFENSE AT THE PEACH ORCHARD-
tion across tho wooded ravine that now separated which ho was advancing. Ho had then
them, and had once nearly succeeded in turning his steps, crossed Snake Creek by the river road,
and reached the Landing without loss of time.
the Federal right, bat with tho aid of Amnion'
thrco regiments they were beaten back, retiring
altogether at about nino o'clock, when the fire
ceased.
Lewis Wallace, whom Grant had ordered it) (lie
morning to come tip from Crump's Landing and
form on the right, reached the Landing at night-
fall, and was then severely censured for 1> is apparent
failure to carry out orders. He explained, how-
ever, that after leaving tw<
Crump's Landing, he had pu
Tho night closed with the Confederates occupy-
ing the former Federal camps, upon which the gun-
boats kept a running firo till tho next morning.
The Confederate losses had been very great, indeed,
the most important being (hat of their commander-
in-chief. General A. S. Johnston had been killed
during tho afternoon, while almost recklessly ox-
posing himself, directing the movements of his
regiments at troops. Tho chief command had then devolved
General Beauregard, whose headquarters were Thorn i
ramcdiatcly upon receiving Grant's order, established at the Shiloh Church.
of MeCook's division, and the comparatively fresh
divisions of Generals Nelson and Crittenden of
Buell's army, as well as Lewis Wallace's division of
Grant's army, in position for a renewal of the con-
flict. The Fifth and Sixth Brigades of MeCook's
division could not bo brought up until about eight
o'c!ock in the morning, The First Division of
Buell's army, commanded by General George II.
too far in the rear to tako part iu
Monday's engagement, and but one brigade. Colonel
"OIlTY-FUUKTil HBGI11ENT, INDIANA VULDNTEERS, ENGAGED AT PITTSltllltO LANDING, APH1L Otu. 1603 - THE WOODS ON PIKE.
Jflluv A Suivu ur B. Lovit
*/-*
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
^i^^
TUB SOLDrER /.V OUR CJVIL WAR.
*73
H. II Wngncr'a, of General T. .1. Wood', division, neues and Alubanu regiments, irell mipported by McCook'. left. Seo.uo uu* Colonel Willidi'. rsri.
™vedmt,,oeto1"rt,e,pte,e.i,elyi,itl,e pursuit urtillorj Tl,". muiled Nelson, and tino'dy eom- " "" ordered up, ""d "*,"!",; mainly to a
of the Confederates al the close of tie action po led h,n, t, fall back until h" foree eame np ba,onet"L,,ge, printed the movement, Willieb
Tlio foUW.iur conahtated tliat portion ot the with tba advance of Crittenden', troops. Then the was followed by Kirk1, brirfade whinll entered the
Army of the Ohio whieh reached the field of "hole line assumed tho offensive, will the support position held by Rouse™ : while tba latter retired
hh"№l,; . ,". .. f Mendonhnll. n"d B.rtlett's batteries, and in f"r a fresh supply of ammunition. ThoConfeder-
turn compelled the retirement of the Confederate, ,te, j" the meantime relieved their efforts to
with the temporary loss of a battery, captured by my"",e McCook from Crittenden, and fell i
Fourlli IJrijj:iih - Brigndior-n
Bnttolionsort1u:Fifu.'L'iitli,SixU'oiitbntniNiiictcoothUnitod
states Infmtry, First Ohio, Sixth Indiana nnd Third Ken-
Fifth Bripiiic- Colond B. H. Kirk- Seventy-first Perm- Federal division:
evivanK Twenty-ninth und Thirtieth Indiana, and Thirty- which had. just reached tho ground
Gibson's brigade so heavily, that tho Forty-ninth
.ourtb Dtlnois.
Sixth llrigtide - Colonel W. H. Gitwin -Fifteenth and
Fwty-nintu Ohio. Thirty -s?cond and Thinvtiinlh Indiana,
Fifti United SfjUos Artillery ;Batlcry IT}. "
fbarth Division.
Brigndier-j_T3Rral William Nclsou.
Tenth Brigade- Coloael Jacob Am men- Sixth and Twonty-
fourth Olifo, nnd Thilty-Bixih Indian!
Nineteenth Brigade- Col unci William B. Uazen - Sbrth J№ a c\oss firc of Artillery
Kentucky. Ninth Indiana, and Forty-first Ohio.
Twenty-second Brigade- Colonel S. D. Bruce- Finn, Sec-
ond and Twentieth Kentucky.
fffV. Diction.
Brigndier-g™rr;ii t'litiiiuiii T. Crittenden.
Eleventh Brigncu - Brlgadlcr-gencral J. T. Boyle- Nine-
the brigade r.nder Colonel Hnzen.
Tho (Wedorales were quickly reinforced, how- Ohto Regiment, occupying the left of the line, Imd
ever, and by e.ght o clock wore engaging the two to chan e ils front [v,}^ in OT{hr fa lt fto
well as Rousseau's brigade, timdng of the position.
1 "" t,"""ndeQ'B It waa c]osc on (wo 0,dock wLen KoU!yoan,B
ed by General Bueil himself.
1 wns ordered up from Shilob. then
right, accompli-
Ohcath:
Church and thrown on Break inri age's line, nnd
tho contest soon raged fiercely on both sides. The
Confederate attack became so severe that Hazon'e
force wns completely thrown across tho open field
'nto tho woods on Crittenden's left, and subjected
liich caused a heavy
toss. Ammen's brigado, posted on Nelson's loft,
was meanwhile heavily pressed by superior numbers,
and was in imminent danger of being turned, when
Terrell's battery of twenty-four-pound howitzers,
which belonged to McCook's division, mid had just
:d from Savannah, camo dashing along, and,
.do was ready to rcoccupy the front. It was
supported by McClernand on tbo right, and
*****F*,.**o,*,.l,****-mMK^*r. rtbAmmen'. aid, sileneed the Cnfed.™* pieces.' Sl^^^^£oSS^
by the two regiments of Hurlbut's brigado on
the left. This force, aided by the fire from both
MeAllistert and Wood's remaining batteries, moved
steadily on, meeting with comparatively little re-
sistance until it nearcd the thick woods, when a
general advance was ordered, and tho Federals
overcame tho lust decided stand made by the Con-
federates. These Beauregard commanded in per-
son, with the assistance of Generals Polk, Bragg
and Breckinridge.
On the extreme Federal right, Wallace had begun
the attack before sunrise by shelling, with Tliiirber's
80LDIEBS BURNING THE DEAD HOUSES AFTEB THE BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING, NEAR THE PEACH ORCHARD.
fourteenth Bripule- Colonel William L. Smith - Thfr-
leenih Ohio. Eleventh and Twenty-sixth Kentucky, Slenden-
bt.tr- Rw'nl.ir Bail. -ry imd BarlMt's Ohio Battery.
Not Brigudcd- Tliinl Kentucky C'avnlry, First Ohio Light
Artillery (Buttery G), Fourth United Stales Artillery (Bat-
teries H nnd J[), and Becond IndLu a Cavalry.
fictt Llririon.
Brigadier-general T. J. Wood.
TwenHrtli Brigade- Brigadier-general J. A. Garfield -
Sirty-iburtli anil Sixty-fifth Ohio. Thirl,, nth Michigan nnil
Jifly-fitwl Indiuna.
Twenty -flret Brigado- Colonel G. D. Wagner- Fifteenth,
FortiMh, and Eiiiv-sflrmth Indiana, and Twenty -fourth
Kentucky. J
Tbo Federal lino was almost perpendicular to the
river, ami extended from tbo Hamburg and l'urdy
Road to near Owl Creek. Bnell hold tbo extreme
left of tho advance, while tho forces of Nelson,
Crittenden and McCook were extended, in the crdcr
mimed, toward tho corps of Louis Wallace, which
occupied the extromo right. Between tho forces of
Buoll and of Wallace lav the remnants of tho divi-
sions engaged in the Qrst day's battle, McOlornand
being in the ccntro. and having Sherman nnd Hurl-
but rsapeclivoly on his right and loft.
At about htdf-past Jive o'clock, Nelson's divieion
moved forward through the open woods and fields,
and was imickly followed by Crittenden's division
and Rousseau's Fourth Brigado. Nelson soon camo
upon some of Forrest's cavalry pickets, which lie
drove in, and shortly after stood faeo to face with
Chalmers's brigade, part of Gladden's and of
Jackson's brigades, and several independent Ten
Tho Federal success was only assured, however,
when Itoyie's brigade camo on Nelson's left, and,
aided by n concentric fire from Terrell's, Slendon-
halTs, and Bart lot t'" LaUorics. drove tho Co?.tedn-
rates beyond their seconu -"id third batteries,
capturing several of their guns.
While all this was going on, McCook had hcon
strengthened by his Fifth Brigado, under Colonel
Kirk, and by part of the Sixth, led by Colonel Gib-
son. Those had been quickly ferried across from
Savannah, and placed on Dousscau'a right and rear,
and wero supported by Colonel August Willioh's
Thirty-second Indiana Hegiiuout, as wotl na two
regiments belonging to lluributa division. Rous-
seau had, from tho first, (nkoit an advanced posi-
tion, repulsed a heavy Confederate charge, and in
turn attacked tho enemy, which ho had forced back,
capturing one of its batteries.
Tho giving way of tho Confederate right allowed
Rousseau to push along more freely until ho mot
tho troops that had been withdrawn from NoIbou's
front, nnd wero being massed in nfoCienmnd's camp
of tho previous day. There an obstinate contest
took place; but tho camp was at last yielded to
Rousseau's troops, who, in addition, captured ono
of tho battorioa which tho Confederates bad taken
on .Sunday, and from whcti fire Rousseau bad suf-
fered greatly.
The direction which Rousseau laid been com-
pelled to take left a gap between tho forces of
McCook and Orittondon, which tho Confederates
were about entering for tho purpose of turning
situated in a deep, wooded ravine opposite. He had
soon silenced ono of the enemy's guns, nnd followed
np tho first attack by an udvancj upon the Con-
federate left, commanded by General Bragg, whose
position on (lie hill ho shortly after occupied.
There ho remained, waiting for Sherman's divi-
sion to como np, nnd by changing his front, made
an attempt to turn the Confederate left, in expecta-
tion that Sherman would quickly clc.o up tho in-
tervening gup. But the Confederates were too
quick for him, nnd made a counter move, endanger-
ing his right. Tho Fcdoral batteries, ably served,
eheckeil thit>, howovor, nnd, uided notably by part
of the Eighth Missouri Regiment, succeeded also in
driving back a detachment or. cavalry which at-
tempted to capture Thurhor'a six-gnu battery.
Colonel Smith's First Brigade bad also, meanwhile,
repelled an attack mode by u strong infantry force
supported by Watson's powerful Louisiana Battery.
When Sherman finally camo up, both divisions
advanced steadily, not meeting with any marked
resistance until closo by Shilob Church, where they
encountered nuoh o fierco infantry and artillery tire,
that Shermau'fl forco was compelled to fill bnok
rapidly. This loft Wallace's Hank exposed. Upon
it a squadron of Confederate cavalry immediately
advanced, but it was met and promptly driven back
by the Twenty-third Indiana a"d tho First Nebraska
Regiments. Before Sherman's lines could bo re-
formed, W, H..< - left had again been seriously
on d lingered by the obstinate attacks inado upon it;
hut the arrival of MoQiuuiB'H Eleventh Indiana
VJ91C *W STANU OH fHE ARMY OF GENERAL GRANT- APRIL frm. HJQS. .NEAR fFFF9B™
'HE m*1 STAND 01 XUE AK5IV 01? GEMERAL ORAOT- APRIL MB. JHOa. iNEAJJ PITTSBURG ttfl'ING, AFTER SUCCESSIVE DEKEATS-ABTILLBRy IN rOSITION-KEl'ULSE OF JOHNSTONS ARMY
fro* . ;>4' 6 i j. unua
2j6
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
The soldier in our civil war.
■>??
W"ood's Seventy-eighth Ohio, and part of McCler-
nand's force, afforded timely aid, and enabled Wal-
lace to hold liis ground until a brilliant dash, made
liy Colonel Willieh's regiment, which McCookhad
rent forward, compelled tho Confederates to givo
way.
When Sherman's forep again advanced, ij moved
n.ureast of Bousscau's brigade, thus completing an
unbroken Federal lino which, with Wallace's force
ahead in the wood, pressed steadily forward, until
the enemy was found retreating in all directions,
and the Federals came to a stand not far from
Shiloh Church.
The Confederates hurt heen ordered to withdraw
from the field, when Beauregard saw that further
resistance was useless without additional reinforce-
ments. He had sent couriers to hurry forward
Pan Dora's army of nearly 20,000 men, with which
oe had contemplated renewing the attack.
Failing, however, to ascertain its exact where-
At fonr o'eloek firing had entirely ceased. The
reported losses in the two days' battle, were, 1,(173
killed, 7,495 wonnded, and 3,022 missing, a total
of 12,190, on the side of the Federals ; and 1,728
killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 inissiDg, a total of
10.0EI9, on the side of the Confederates.
Among tho additional casualties on the Confede-
rate side were George TV. Johnson, the Provisiona'.
Governor of Kentucky, killed on Monday ; General
Gladden, who died from wounds previously re-
ceived; General Cheatham, who had three horses
shot under him, and who was also wounded ; and
Generals Bowen, Clark, Johnston, and Biudinan,
who were wounded on tho first day.
On tho Federal side. General Sherman was again
wounded, and had three horses shot under him,
during Monday's battle; Colonel Stuart was wounded
severely early the same morning, hut. kept tho field
till weakness compelled him to givo way to Colonel
T. Kilby Smith ; Colonel Hicks and Lieutcuant-
thc 12th. He reorganized the mines by giving tiie
right wing to General George A. Thomas, tho cen-
tre to General Uuel], and the left to General Pope's
Army of the Missouri, nearly 25,000 strong. This
whole force, of about 108,000 men, was given the
namo of Tho Grand Army of iho Tennessee, with
General Grant second in command. mhe reserves
wore placed in charge of General MeClernand.
No movement of any importance was again made
toward Corinth until tho 3d of May, when the
Federal troops took possession of Monterey, located
about six milc3 from Beauregard's new lines.
On the 30th of April, Colonel Morgan L. Smith
was sent out by General Lewis Wallace with a bri-
gade of infantry and three battalions of cavalry,
and, after a short engagement in the woods with
a body of Confederates, successfully tore np the
track of tho Mobile and Ohio Railway, near Purdy.
They likewise destroyed an important bridge close
by, thus cutting ofl iho supplies and reinforcement!
SOEHE IN CAMP LIFE JJEFOtlE CORINTI!
OLONTEERS.
>1 iirats at that time, lie had asked ' '"lone! Chishohu
!o superintend the clearing of the roods, and leav-
ing Colonel Thomas Jordan, adjutant-general of
the army, to protect the retreat, lie had caused the
retirement of his forces, which wm begun at about
half-past two, and continued in perfect order and
precision, in the direction of Corinth.
Beauregard's reserve of nearly 12,000 men, in
'-barge of Breckinridge, was posted on a command-
ing ridge, and remained there for nearly half an
lionr awaiting attack. It is said that, in the ex-
pectation of a vigorous pursuit, Beauregard had
told Breckinridge : " This retreat must not bo a
rout! Ton hold the enemy back, if it requires tho
loss of your last man," and that the reply was"
" Tour orders shall be executed to the letter."
_ Breckinridge's forces were not attacked at their
hrst stand, and were therefore withdrawn, and
* last encamped some two miles from the battle-
Bold, wlicro they remained for the night, having
heen finally pursued, in the cold, drizzly rain and
hail, only as for as tho bluffs of Lick Creek by
the advance of General W-nd'a division, winch hail
hurt reached the battle-ground.
colonols Kyle and E. F. W. Elba wore mortally
wounded on Sunday, and Lien tenant-colonel Wal-
cutt, of the Forty-sixth Ohio, was severely wounded
the same day.
For sanitary reasons, the Confederate and Federal
i. end were buried and tho horses burned immedi-
ately after the second day's battle.
On Tuesday, the 8th, General Sherman took two
brigades and some cavalry on a rceon-
aoisflancs along tho lower Corinth
Road, white General Woe! "dvauced with two bri-
gades on tho upper road for tlio sumo purpose.
T hoy encountered some cavalry at General Breckin-
ridge's encampment of I lie previous night, and pur-
sued it until mooting with Colonel Forrest's force,
who bad with him detachments of Texas and Ken-
tucky troops, mid u company of Wirt Adams's regi-
ment. These engaged tho Federals, and forced
them back, only retiring again toward General
Breckinridge's camp after the severe wounding of
Colonel Forrest.
On the 9th of April, Major-general II. W. ITal-
look left St. Louis, and proceeded to Pittsburg
Landing, where ho arrived, and took tho lie!., on
likely to reach Bean regard's army from Jackson,
Tonn. While tho bridge was burning, tho Federals
captured and destroyed ft locomotive that had been
dispatched from Corinth to help through soma
trains filled with troops from Memphis.
On tho 3d of May, P<>pe ordered Generals Paine
and Palmer to proceed on a reeon-
noissanco toward an important Con-
federate outpost commanded by General J. S.
Maruiaduke.
They took with them the Tenth and Sixteenth
Michigan, anil the Tenth, Sixteenth. Twenty
second, Twenty-sovontii, Forty-*econd, and Fifty-
first Illinois Regiments, Yates's Illinois Battalion of
Sharpshooters, He/cook's Ohio and Hough tnling's
Illinois Batteries, and the Second Michigan Cav-
alry, and met tho Confederates at a small place
called Fiirmington, situated about five miles to tho
northwest of Corinth.
A short though sanguinary engagement took
place, with a Fedend loss of 2 killed and 21
wounded, tho Confederates having lost nearly ISO
killed and wounded, besides their camp, supplies,
and 2UU prisoners.
*7*
Tilh SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL IVAR.
v;rA "M$^ w^i..J-
WE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
279
HarmadnVe returned to Corinth anu the Fed-
irals continued on with cavalry and artillery to
Glendnlc, east of Oorintb, where they tore np the
mil way-track, and destroyed two very important
ires tie -bridges.
On the 9th of Hay, the Confederates attacked
tho force which Pope had left to hold Farmington,
intending to cut off tho Federal lino of retreat.
Generals Van Dorn, Hardee, Polk, Bragg; and
Breckinridge co-operated in the attack, but, mainly
throngh tho inefficiency of the principal guide, the
advance was delayed, and the Federals discovered
tbe intended flanking movement in time to partly
offset it.
The capture of the entire Fedoral force was, in
fact, only prevented by its prompt retreat behind
Seven Miles Creek. This was effected after losing
nearly 800 in killed and wounded, besides a number
of prisoners and a large quantity of arms and equip-
ments.
Pope returned, however, on the ISth of May,
toward Farmington, mid not meeting any resist-
ance, occupied tbe place with his whole army, while
Sherman's force was advancing toward the Confede-
rate left, in front of which latter ho succeeded in
planting his heavy guns a few days Inter.
General Hnlleck had steadily advanced tho Fed-
eral army, after cutting Beauregard's railway com-
munications to the north and east of Corinth, and
sending Colonel Elliott to cut off tho Mobile
and Ohio Railway in the rear, and by May 30th he
had. throngh strong reconnoissunces. compelled the
abandonment of the Confederate advance batteries,
and enabled the Federals to place their siege-guns
in position within about 1,301.' yard- of Heauregard'e
Halleck expected to give battle early on tho 30th,
and all was in readiness for the attack, but it was
then found that the Confederates had completed
ilie evacuation of Corinth during tho night, after
firing the town at ail important points and blowing
up the magazines.
Beauregard had, for several day?, been removing
hie sick and wounded, as well as all the valuable
stores that he conld easily carry away, destroying
nil the rest, and when tho Federals entered the
town, they found on nearly all sides but smolder-
ing ruins.
Tbe Confederates first haired behind the Tus-
onmbia River, at a point about sis miles from
Corinth, in the anticipation of pursuit, hut none
being made, aside from that instituted by Gordon
Granger in tbe direction of Guntown, on tho Mobile
and Ohio Railway, where a few stragglers were cap-
tured, they continued their retreat to Baldwin,
some twenty-four miles further. There they re-
mained until the 7th of Juno, when they resumed
(heir march southward to a place culled Tupelo,
the capital of Lee
County, Miss., abon'
fifty-two miles from Co-
rinth.
While General Halleek
remained in persona'
command, no other mili
tary movement of note
took place. On the 11th
of July he was called to
Washington, and twelve
days later given the
chief command of all
the Federal armies. Gen-
eral Thomas was left in
H.arge of that portion
0! tbe Grand Army of
ji inmofiua He displaycii L"-ont aptitude through am ma
Studies, and soon evinced on nstrnr.Tdinary liking for, and
rtmarknblo proficiency in, nil pertaining to Iho arts of
war. His strict observance, of military discipline soon won
tho admiration or oil Around aim, and bis advancement
was very rapid. One year after tiis graduation he was made
n first lieutoouit, and promoted to a captaincy in 18-H,
880-SIKa, ISJb. u"Dero' iHHIee tcbs afflignud tc command
in Smith Carolina and m uih<
ern harbors without
the presence of a large
Una; of annul vessels,
ilefiTi. lined In purchase
1 dee; of o!(i vends of
large tonnage, loud
•Jiern with s
jutua of
the harbon of Charles-
ton and Savannah. and
then sink thr, and the skill
1 nd time it required to
The Uect
cost the Government
:iimijt s),'i0.h00, and nr-
rived oil Charleston on
the lfJLh of December,
IBol, and fifteen 01
> of the Orel
were quickly got into
[riwition, n* indicated
mi the ma,], the plugs
previously prepared
fcnoeki.il out, anil the
ships with sails set and
Ibigii flying '-rudually
of sight,
leaving but the upper
rigging to view. The
renin in ing ten vessels
nnd (heir convoys,
taking the crews on
board, proceeded lo (be
mouth of tin- Savannah
River, and were con-
signed to ihi shifting
sjimls of that
1 the
rtled
lelion of the en-
,-s !o Ih oseti arbors.
Confederates hud
j this used the
of block
■. At Ihe lime the
lend forces took
session of Tybre
mil, they scuithd
'I .sink -r-vi-ral hulks
opro-
MAP 01' FOUT PULASKI. WITfl THE POSITIONS , issued
an order declaring slavery abolished in his depart meat.
This orilei created so much fceliog at the time, that
President Lincoln promptly Issued a proclamation annul-
ling it.* Hunter was transferred to the Depuitmenl of
West Virginia, replacing General Sij;el in May, 18W and
subsequently look part in thebultleofPieilnic.nl. as well as
ia the operations against Lynchburg. He was relieved of
command, at bis own request, by General Sheridan on the
7th ol August, lSflJ. In the following year, Hunter was
made a member of the military commission' a p on i ted to
try those engap id in the shooting of President Lincoln and
attempted c
BXlSPITAL BUILDING OH TYBICE ISLAND.
fort was
ndjutaul
Generals 1
Sunday, th
wore takei
Duponl's chief of stair and fleet captain with the Porl Royal
expedition, had Uie supaiialt enve of the sinking ol "the
stone Hum ,n I h . ■ •■■.., Harbor, and I,.,- the untiring
energy lie tUspfaj , -.1 in i seen lion of orders throughonl
the most trying periods ui I ttat expedition, be was i-owarded
with the grade of captain, iv hah was rapidly followed by
that ol commodore, while in command of II, e flotilla operat-
I njr against the fleeter the Confederate Commodore Tntnall,
in the Savannah River, January 28th. 18(53. On the Oth of
May, !8ti 1, he idievedFooiu of thecommatul of the Western
Meet oil Fort Pillow, and on one occasion, with but seven
vessels, ho succeeded in beating off eight Confederate iroa-
i:s iii:ni;v da vis
^^y^gfeagjhd
-^m^m.
i"$rft
is
%W^'4"S
EXTERIOR VIEW OF FORTIFICATIONS ERECTED W* •**$ FEI
INTERIOR 01' THE MORTAR BATTERY "STANTON," TYBKE ISLAND, SHOWING THE Ol'EK
EXTERIOR VIEW OF FORTIFICATIONS ERECTED ■" ™E FEDERAL TROOPS AT HILTON HEAD. PORT ROYAL HARBOR. S. C.
EJTElliUK OF THE ilORTAK BATTERY "STANTON," TYBEE ISLAND, SHOWING THE OPERATION OF I'll; TII[RTEEN-INCH MORTAK DiJttlNG THE BOUJaKDMISNT OF FORI PULASO, APRIL "h-u, 1863.
ag2
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
f, \ ' /'jl
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
*93
CAPTURE \jV NEW ORLEANS.
Afl boom as General Butler had carried out the
ordcre which the Secretary of War h:ul given him
after the surrender of Fort Hatrerns, " to raise,
ni-iii, uniform and erjuip a volunteer force" espe-
cially for serried In Southern waters, lie was asked
to suggest the best place of rendezvous for an ex-
pedition against Mobile. Ho named Ship Island,
located off tbo Mississippi const, between Luke
Borgno and Mobile Bay, and his suggestion was
adopted, as Ship Island proved to be within strik-
ing distance of every important locality of tbo
Gulf of Mexico.
In the mouth of December, 1S61, General J.
TV. Phelps was sent to the island in the steam-
ship Constitution, with the advance of Butler's
troops, which wore duly landed. The Constitution
then returned to embark the remainder, and had
already taken 2,01(0 more men, who were to ho
nccoriij-aiiicd by General Butler himself, when the
latter received a Government message directing
him to disembark the men, and not to sail until
further instructions.
General Butler immediately sought and obtninei'
an interview with Secretary of War Edwin M.
Stanton, who had superseded Simon Cameron on
Ike 13th of January, 1SG2, and learned that the
loiuplicjitions likely to arise with Great Britain.
rngnt not silencing the Confederate guns, he should
make an attempt to run by the forts, utid take all
the defenses in the rear, while the land forces
under General Butler wonld make nu attempt to
curry the forts by assault,
The last of Farrngnt's fleet could not successfully
be got over the bar until tbo 8th of April, nor was
a ism, lt m tIie 17th oi tuB Eume month
that tho combined naval and land
forces were ready for action.
During that long interval, the entire course of
tho river had been surveyed np to tho two forts
commanding tho approaches to the city. These
wore Fort Jackson, on the western side, containing
seventy-four guns, with a supplemental battery of
six guns, and Foil St. Philip, on tbo opposite side
of tbo Mississippi, mounting forty guns. Tho forti-
fications were under the command of Lieutonant-
colonel Edward lliggina, while all tho river de-
fenses were in charge of General J. K. Duncan,
In addition to the forts and tho battery before
alluded to, the entrance to tho city was defended by
a fleet of thirteen Confederate gunboats, tho iron-
clad floating battery Louisiana, tho ironclad ram
Manassas, and several fire-rafts. All those lay
under the guns of tho forts and behind a heavy
iron chain, with hut one opening, which was
stretched over eiirht hulks, and extended From Ifort
Jackson to the battery opposite.
iiio Ifaifotk Pooka., T. A Marti, Bar art, Jiealcs,
Oliver 11. lee, O. />. Williams, William Bacon,
Para, Orletta, Sidney C. /wis*, M. Vass.tr, Jr.,
M, J. Carhton, Adolphe flugd, Qrvetta, George
Mangham, John- Griffith, Sat ah Bruin, Henry
James, Dan. Smith, Raur, and the Sea Foam.
Commander Porter's flagship was the steamer
Harriet Lane, i, which was accompanied bv the
guuboat Oicasco, 5, Lieutenant Guest.
Tbo land forces, embracing about 9,000 men.
were on the following transports:
Mississippi, with General Butler and staff , tki
Twenty-sixth and Thirty-first Massachusetts Regi-
monts, nnder Colonels Jones and Gooding, and
Everett's Sixth Massachusetts Battery.
Great Republic, General WillianiB, with the
Fourth Wisconsin, Sixth Michigan, and Twenty-
Brat Indiana Regiments, nnder Colonels Paine.
Cnrtinas and MeMillen.
North America, the Thirtieth Massnchusetls
Regiment, Colonel Dudley, and a company each <■(
Durivage'a and Pood's Cavalry.
ifatantas, General Phelps, with the Ninth Con-
necticut Regiment, Colonel Cahill, aud Holcomb't
Second Vermont Battery.
Will Farley, the Twelfth Connecticut, Colonel
Doming.
The Confederates sent down several of their tire-
rafts dining the afternoon and night of the 17th,
BURNING OF CONFEDERATE GUNBOATS, RAMS .
AND ALQIEHB, ON THE APPltOAOFJ OF TUB FEDERAL FLEKT.
u.ip"m.
-Tom the Mason nnd Slid oil capture, necessitated a
> mango in tho contemplated movements. Tito
result of their conference was tho selection of New
Orleans as the ii™t most important objective point
in lieu of Mobile, and when the decision was laid
before President Lincoln, it met with his imme-
diate approval.
Tho Department of tho Gulf was created, nnd
General Butler placed at its head. On tho 25th of
Fehrao.7, 18C2, Butlor embarked at Hampton
Elondp, nboard the steamship Mississippi, with his
wife ami staff, and reached Ship Inland on tho 25th
id March, after a protracted and dangcroiia passago,
especially along the coast of North Carolina, where
ilio Mississippi was twice wrecked, and after ex-
periencing further delay at Port Royal, where tho
injuries to tho vessel bad to bo repaired.
Captain David Glasgow Farragut had, mmit-
ivhilo, reached Ship Island on tbo 2lUh of Febru-
ary, after a voyage of eighteen days from Hampton
Roads, IIo had, on tho 20th of tho previous
month, 'jeen instructed by tho Secretary of tho
Navy to proceed without de'ay to tho Gulf of
Mexico and there receive from Flag-ollieer McKean
Hie command of tho Western Gillf Squadron. This
dune, ho was to tako with him a fleet of mortar-
boats, which wero to rendezvous at Key West,
under Commander David D, Porter, and, with such
of Hie blockading vessels as could bo spared, pro-
ceed to attack New Orleans, and bold tho city or
its approaches until Fcdond troops conld bo sont to
nig assistance.
It wan liknwiso decided that, in the 6<>eol of K*r-
Tho Louisiana had In gnus and tho Manas-
bos only 1. Tho Confederate gunboats were: Tho
Governor Moore, 3; General Quitman, 2; Stone-
wall Jackson, 2 ; Warrior, 2 ; Resolute, 2 ; De-
fianj!, 2; Me Rite, 8; Galveston, 2; Anglo-Nor-
man, 2 ; Breckinridge, I ; Lovell, 1 ; and Star, I.
The first six gunboats had iron prows attached to
them, and wero niado shot-proof by eottoti-balo
bulkheads. They wero commanded respectively
by Captains Kennon, Grant, Philips, Stephenson,
Hooper and McCoy.
Early on tlio 17th, ail the Federal vessels were
drawn together about (our miles below tlio fori-
These ooMbted of the steamships Hartford ( flag.
ship), 2K. Captain Wainright; Pensaeola, 24, Cap-
tain Morris; Drnklfn, So, Captain Craven; Rich-
mond, 2G, Captain Aldon, nnd tho Mississippi, 12,
Captain M. Smith, besides tho gunboats ■tud armed
tugs, Iroquois, 9, Commander Do Camp; Oneida,
10, Commander S. P. Leo; Portsmouth, 17, Com-
mander Rogers ; Vartna, 12, Captain Bnggs ; Cayu-
ga, 5, Lieutenant Harrison; Winona, i, Lieutenant
Nichols; Katahdin, 8, Lieutenant Preble; Itasca
5, Lieutenant Caldwell; Kineo, G, Lieutenant Han-
som; Wissahiohon, 5, Lieutenant A. N. Smith;
Piuola, fi. Lieutenant Crosby ; Kennebec, 5, Lieu,
tenant Russell ; Scioto, 0, Lieutenant Donolaon ;
Kittutinuy, 9, Lieutenant Lamson ; Westjhhl, (l,
Captain Rcnshuw ; tho Clinton, Jackson, Saxon, and
tho Miami, 6, Lieutenant Harroll.
Tho mortur-boats wore inudo up in throo divi-
sions, commanded respectively by Lieutenants Wat-
son, Smith, Queen and White. They consisted of
but they were dragged out of harm's way by boats
from the Iroquois and the gunboat Wesijield, and
allowed to burn out along tbo shore without caus-
ing any damage whatever.
On the morning of tho 18 th, Fort Jackson
opened tire, which was at once re-
sponded to by tbo Owasca aud the
mortar-boats, six of which were in full view of the
fort, while the remaining fourteen lay concealed
by tho woods along the shore. Tho bettor to hide
his schooner mortar-boats from view, Porter had
covered their sides with Mississippi mod, and at-
tached branches of trees to tlicir rigging ant) masts.
All day long lire was exchanged between the
fort and mortar- boats, the gnu boats occasionally
takiug pari i.i tho engagement, and when the
firing 1 >r dark, tfai Fodomls bad but two of
killed and three wonnded.
Tbo bombardment was resumed tbo day follow
ing, when the Federals had one man killed and two
wounded, and had, besides, one mortar-boat (M. .1.
Carletoii) sunk and another temporarily disabled
by Confederate shells.
Tho tiring was thus exchanged with tho forts,
and without uracil damage on tho Federal side,
until tbo 20th of the month, when a council of
captains was called by Farragut on board of the
flagship Hartford, us it was apparent that ciier
and inoro effective means innst be employed to
reduco the forts.
It was decided that Ihe forts should DO mil, and
that, preparatory thereto, the obain nud hu'k
>9f
TUB SOLDTER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER /JV OUR CTVTT. W A P
jostruction should he removed. The latter work Tho mos1
^signed to Fleotroaptain Boil, who took with eng
295
turn that very night the gunboats Itasca and
Pinola, supported by the Iroquois, Winona and
Kennebec.
The Ilasca and Pinola wept op to the barricade
in face of the firo from both Fort Jackson and tho
battery, but under cover of darkness. Tho Pino!"
bad been given a petard to throw on board one of
the bulks, and to be ignited by an electric spark,
iit. after throwing it, the PttioJa was caught by t lie
:*; oug current, thrown down -stream, and her Gon-
ortant safeguard was dorwed by the water about *m, >jecks, for tho purpose of extin-
neer of the Richmond, and was adopted by the guishing firoand for drinking. Have heavy kedgo
,..lo Rest. It consisicd in hamrin? om* ihooidra in the port main-chains, iiiuhwhip on the main-yard,
vessels loops of iron chain coles, to -urrwt the ready to run It np and' let fall on the deck of any
Dgress of shot and prevent damage more par- vessel you may ran alongside of, in order to seeuro
ularly to the machinery. Farragnt'e general her for boarding "
lor seemed to provide for every possible con- The night of the 23d of April was very dark,
.goncy. In it ho says : " Yon will bo cahed upon owjng to a heavy fog, which caused
meet the enemy in the worst form for our pro- *"*.""• tlle Bmoto fmm t]m Btc;imers tl]
md cold shot Will, no doubt, ho settle upon the water.
I there must bo stout hearts TlieAreca ran up at about eleven o'clock to
languish the one and stop the where the cliah had been extended, and signaled
t dealt t
CTJV AHT1BT, WILLIAM WAOO, 3EETCHINU TltR NAVAL SNGAOEBtBNT BETWEEN TUB PKDKItAL FLEET AND TII15 CONFKIJKll
AND GUNllOATS. OK THE MISSISSIPPI IUVBR, FIIOM THE F0RETO1' OF TUB U.S. WAR STKAJIlCIl ".U1SSISSIPJ1
lueti g wire broken before tho spark could ho
ransmitted.
The Itatea had, meanwhile, lashed herself to one
f tho hulks, upon whioli her men had jumped, soon
overing tho heavy chain with hammer, saw and
hn-iL When the chain parted, the Uasca iiac"
n forced back toward tho Bhoro against tho
Srfned hulk, and was for a while in imminent
iger of being BWnmped ; but will] ilio aid of tho
Pinola, b!io wan, after many efforts, Bucceasfully
'.luvc1, and both returned, with ihn three sup-
porting veasolfl, t? their former anchorage.
On the evening of fclie 23d, Karragut was ready
f the advance, and all precautions were taken
guard the lleet against 1 1 ■ • ■ dangers to which it
xi'.-l necessarily be exposed.
holes of tlio oilier." Among other things, tho com-
manders woro ordered to "trico up tho topmast
stays, or land tho whiskers, and bring all the rig-
ging into tho bowsprit, so that tl.oro bo nothing
in llio run go of tho direct firo ahead, Mount one
or two gnus on Die pimp and topgallant forccitstlu,
hearing in mind that you will always luivo to rido
head to Iho current, and can only avail yourself of
tho sheor of iho helm to point a broadside gun
more than Mirco points fonvard of tho beam. P.t'-t
a kidgo n tlio mh/.ou.- chains; a luiwaor twr.l
through tho stem-ohook ; tlso grapnola to tow oil
ii '■ ■ '■ i ■ ■ 1 1 .i " light Jaco i-ladders made to throw
over tho side for tho n*j cf carpenters in stopping
shot-holes. Seo that pumps and hose are in good
order for Gxtiwndshinfr fire. Have many tubs of
tho channel clear of all obstructions except the
hulks. Shortly nfter one o'clock on the morning
of tho 94th everybody was called to notion, and
about an hour later two small red liglite were
shown as a signal for tho advance. At about half-
post t
rcc tho
loot was
well in
dor way.
Tin
forori
Hartford- w
th Km
gttt pi
relied in the
limn,
IK-llldil
gtli .
ind /
roeUtfn, and
Capta
i Thet
lorn* 1
idev, in
lie r.i
fuga, led th"
right
hvitdiu
cuilu-
Clllg tin
Pais
icola, Peru
sippi,
>,"■;,!",
k'ltah,
in, Yamna,
Wiss
hiclcon
ami ./
I'. .1
A-son. rha
third
divisio
i, und
r Capb
ii He
ry H. BeL'
included tho
■Scioto,
Iroqvo
v, Pi
i'/'i I/a* a,
k, and Kemubeo. As soon as
thv Uecl had
?p6
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIC WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
fairly started, the mortur-
boats opened a terrible
norm upon Fort Jackson,
as well as upon tlio battery,
the hitter being also en-
gaged by the Harriet Lane,
Owanco, 'Ytstjid'l, Clinton.
unci Miami.
Fort Jackaon did not re-
ply until tho Cayuga came
nearly on n lino with the
battery, when a heavy Con-
federate firo was opened on
all Pv'.es. Nor did the Ca-
yuga respond until closo
upon Fort St. Philip, when
she opened upon the latter
heavy broadsides of grape
and canister. Captain
Bailey's other vessel in turn
followed suit, and with the
exception of the Portsmouth,
which lost her t^w, the
Jackson, and drifted down
tho river, all passed by with-
out experiencing much damage. Aa the Cayuga
cot beyond Fort St. Philip, she was attacked by
tho Confederate flotilla, under command of Captain
Mitchell of tho Louisiana. With no supporting
vessel then within easy reach, she would have
succumbed to the combined attack had not Cap-
lain Bailey rapidly exercised flio utmost caution
in warding oil attempts to ram and hoard his
• essel, and used hia guns to tho best advantage.
Before the Varuna had come up to bis rescue,
Bailey had compelled tho surrender of three of the
Confederate gunboats, and caused the grounding of
■mother.
As the now badly crippled Cayuga continued her
ivay up the river, in accordance with Farragut's
instructions, tho Yar-L/ia found herself nearly
bemmed in by Confederate vessels. Captaiu Boggs,
however, rushed in their midst, delivering broad-
sides in even' direction, and before long had
completely disabled one of tho vessels, apparently
crowded with troops, as well as driven ashore and
'orced the blowing up of tbreo others.
The Varuna was about moving ahead, when she
was fiercely assailed by tho Governor Moore, which,
under the ccinmand of Uuverley Kcnuon, snccDcded
in ramming her simultaneously with tho delivery of
a raking firs that killed four and wounded nino of
tho Vanilla's crew. Captain Boggs managed, how-
ever, to get some 3-inch shells and rifle shots abaft
the Maoris armor, compelling her to drop out in
11 disabled condition. He was then attached hv
LAST BROADSIDE OF THE " VARUNA. -COMMANDER BOGGS F1HES THREE GCNS
OF THE FEDERAL GUNBOAT IIEFORE SHE SIXES.
Fiiom A Skbtcu mW.VfAuo.
29,
and afterward full broad-
sides of grape nnd canister
that seemed for the while
to thoroughly clear all tho
barbette guns of tho fort.
Tho Pensacola suffered
greater loss than any of tho
other vessels. She had de-
tiber.itely engaged Fort St.
Philip, frequently returning
its heavy fire, and her men
had successfully avoided tho
first discharges bj laying
fiat on the decks, but tho
subsequent firo had proved
quite destructive, and her
loss in wounded was very
large indeed.
The Richmond, Which
was tho slowest of the
three vessels, also fired on
both forts, without suffering
damage, wlu'le on her way
np; but the Brooklyn was
less fortunate. She had
another vessel having a concealed iron prow, become entangled in tho hulks, and, while in this
which was driven twice into the Varuna, the situation, had been attacked by the Man-ansas, in
second time crushing in her side to such an ex- charge of Captain Warley. The latter sent into
tent that sho sank some fifteen minutes later, the Brooklyn, at a. distance of only ten feet, some
Before the Varuna settled, however, tho Con- heavy shots that injured lier somewhat, and would
federate vessel had become entangled, and was so doubtless have disabled her completely but for the
drawn around as to expose- her uuarmorcd side, sandbags that had been judiciously heaped around
into which latter Captain Boggs was enabled to her steam drum, and at all important quarters,
fire some of bis S-inch shells. After this, tho Con- The Manassas tried twice to rain her, bnt ineffect-
federoto vessel went asboro, where she was burned ually, as she lay too close to get up sufficient speed
by her commander. for overcoming the chain cable armor that had
Tho Oneida had come up in the meantime to aid been swung around her.
the Varuna. but Captain Boggs had motioned Mm Tho Brooklyn had, besides, been exposed, mess-
off to tho Moore, which Kenuon had caused to be while, to a raking tire from Fort Jackson, and had
6et afire before abandoning ber. The flames were just managed to disentangle herself and escape the
extinguished, and the second officer and crew sur- Manassas in the darkness, when she was attacked
rendered to the Oneida, which took off afterward by a largo Confederate 6t earner, which she, ho.7-
part of tho crew of tho Varuna, tho remainder ever, soon disabled and sot atlro. Sho thon pro-
being rescued by Captain Bailey's vessels, which ceeded as best sbo could in tho dark, and soon
had by that time come up. found herself in only thirteen fei"t of water, jus*
Whilo battling with tho forts, a large raft, all abreast of Fort St. Philip, which sho so effective..,
ablaze, bad been suddenly pushed against the Hart- engaged as to completely silence for a while all
ford by the Manassas, and bad set (ire to tho flag- the Confederate guns. Sho subsequently met on
ship ; but tho flame3 had been speedily est in- tho way several of the Confederate gunboats, into
gnished, and tho Hartford had proceeded on her which she also poured n destructive fire before
w-.iY, after again pouring full broadsides into both joining the other vessels.
forts. The third division was tlffl least fortunate of all.
The Hartford had become engaged with Fort The Scioto, IrotpioUsnd Rind* tuec&Bt oily passed
Jackson when within a milo mid a quarter of it, the forts, bnt the Winona end Ken* /"■■ had got
giving it first tho benefit of tho two guns which entangled among the hulks, and were somewhat
Farragut had ordered placed upon her forecastle, damaged by a severe fire from both forts, before
AND UUNHUAT " UOVEUNOR MOOBK.'
PANORAMIC VIEW Off NEW ORLEANS.- THE FEDEKA)
PANORAMIC VIEW OF HEW URLEA-NS.- TILE FEDERAL FLEET AT ANCHOR UN THE RIVER, AfRLL. Stan. 1868.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR C/T'/L WAR.
301
tbej could release themselves and return to tlioir
moorings. The Ilasca had advanced bravely, but
1 1 lid ul tlio outset been pierced by several shots, one
of which bad entered her boiler, and caused such
1111 escape of steam as to drive every one from
below. Other shots hud struck ber below the water-
line, and she was almost in n sinking condition,
when Captain Caldwell reluctantly gave orders to
withdraw.
Thirteen vessels were thus jilnced within Farm-
pit's immediate reach above the forls, and close by
the Quarantine grounds, where the crippled Ca_t/natt
had stopped, after silencing a battery on the west
side of the river and capturing the companies of
Clial motto (Louisiana) Sharpshooters which were
guarding it under Colonel Szymanski.
As soc^ as the last of the Meet had passed the
'oris, at the dawn of day, the ram Manassas, which
. wsa (hen practically the only effective, remnant of
the Confederate flotilla, was seen advancing toward
the Federal vessels. The Mississippi was ordered
to engage her, and Captain Smith at once dashed
at full speed, expecting lo run her down ; but the
mm dodged the blow, 1 in doing go gut ngroimd,
where she was at once abandoned by her officers
and crew. The Mississippi then poured two
broadsides into the ram, and bearded her, but as
she was not deemed worth saving, she was set nt'ire
and sent adrift. The burning craft was soon
amidst the mortar-boats, some of which opened lire
on ber, but flic settled before long, and, after a
faint explosion on board, went to the bottom.
The time had now come when the land forces
could be availed of. The mortar-boais were vet
below the forts, close by which General Butler and
,iis staff, had. in the midst of serious danger, been
reconnoitring en board the Saxon. As Captain
Boggswas without a vessel, he volunteered to take
a bent and make his way through the shallow
bayous in the rear of Fort St. Philip, in order to
convey FarragnVs messages to General Butler and
to Commander Porter. This was done without
.lelay, and while Porter remained to attend to the
forts, pending their possible surrender, Butler's
troops were taken to Sable Island, situated a little
over eleven miles from Fort St. Philip. From here
they were piloted, mainly by Lieutenant Weitzel,
.uTfiss the bayou in suiallboats, as well as on foot
through the muddy creeks, until they finally
reached the Quarantine grounds on the following
Saturday night.
Early on the morning of Friday, .he 35th, Farra-
gitt moved up the river with nine of
his vessels, headed by the Cayuga.
The latter bad not observed the signal for close
order, and was quite far in the advance, when she
eame upon General Smith's Cbalmette batteries.
which had been erected just below the city, and
whose united fire of twenty guns she had to
withstand until the other vessels came up and aided
in silencing both batteries.
The fleet encountered burning cotton-ships and
touting timber as it advanced, and when it rounded
the tend nt about noon, came in full view of New
Orleans, casting anchor an hour later while a vio-
lent rain and thunder storm was prevailing. The
scene here was one long to bo remembered. For a
distance of five miles along the levees, some fllteon
thousand bales of cotton, and many thousands of
barrels of sugar and other staples, were burning,
tvb.lo in the stream and at the ducks lay many
large ships, b team boats and other craft, which bad
been Bel afire upon learning thai the Federals wore
about reaching the city.
Both the Governor of Louisiana and General
Mansfield Lovell, in command of the Confederate
Department of the South as the successor of Gen-
eral Twiggs, Imd thus ordered the general do
struction of property as soon as they knew 01
farragut's advance. They had, besides, not only
directed the firing of tlio Algiers shipyard, opposite
New Orleans, as well as of the immense, though yet
unfinished, ironclad ram Mississippi, and of all the
dry-docks, warehouses, wood and coal yards, but
they had sent down-stream burning cotton-shipn,
adiich the Federals had encountered, in hope that
they might destroy soino of Farragut's vcssola. All
tt these, howovoi, escaped injury,
The panic which bad so; in when tlio above
named occurrences took plaeo would havo been
ntil] greater but for the aid given by tlio European
tirbjfudt, *hi*"i prompt efforts in eo.|'i"-""UM the
tumult was very effective and fully appreciated.
The Governor of the State had fled up the river,
scattering proclamations which directed the burn-
ing of all cotton and other valuable property likely
to fall into the hands of the Federals, and General
Lovell had, with the concurrence of the city
authorities, sent away nearly all of his troops and a
large porr'tn of the militia.
In the midst of the ra>n, Captain Bailey, bearing
a flag of truce, put off in a boat, accompanied by
Lieutenant George II. Perkins, with a demand for
the surrender of the city, as well ns for the imme-
diate substitution of too Federal for the Confede-
rate ensigns. They stepped ashore, and niii'.e their
way to the City Hall through a motley crowd,
which kept cheering for tile South and for Jeffer-
son Davis, and uttering groans and hisses for Presi-
dent Lincoln and the Yankee fleet. General
Lovell, 1
1 unqnalilied refusal,
■nroe, the Mayor of
Iho city, and not [0
0 Confederate flags.
part, relumed
ng John T. a
New Orleans, not to BlUTOWlc
allow the taking down of I
Wllilo Captain Bailey wafl oil his way hack, some
marines had landed from the Pcnsucola, and had
he'sted tho Federal ensign over tlio Mint. As they
liar, loft no guard, the ensign was hauled down after
their departure; by ouu William 1J. idiiiuford and
three men UiloturinK to tho Pinolcnuv lUti"Jimi
The occurrence ras. ooserveu uy the watch in tb"
top of the PensaeoJa, whence a howitzer was fired
in the direction of the Mint, without. However,
doing any damage.
On the following day. Captain Bell was sent, with
about ono hundred marines, to the Mint and the
Custom House, upon whieli the Federal flag was
raised, and remained undisturbed. Tho peaceful
Federal occupation of tho city was delayed by
'be city authorities from day to day, upon the
plea of want of authority, until the 30th of April,
when Farragut determined that he would not
resort to force, but simplv maintain his ground,
and he informed the authorities that he would bold
no further intercourse with them, and would await
the arrival ot General Butler, who would be given
the entire charge of the city.
Commander Porter had, in the meantime, kept
up tho fire upon Fort Jackson, and ho had, on the
26th, demanded its surrender, stating that New
Orleans was already held by Farragut; but Lieu-
tenant-colonel liiggius had replied that, without
positive knowledge as to the latter fact, ho could
nut entertain any preposition. The next day, how-
ever, he accepted Porter's terms, upon learning
that Farragut had actual possession of the city, and
finding that the troops had not only mutinied at
Fort Jackson, but that many had already spiked
some of the gnus and surrendered to the pickets of
Butler's troop?, which had just been stationed on
ihe western side of (he river.
The capitulation wjij signed 011 the 28th by Com-
manders I). D. Porter and W. B. Bcnsbaw, as well
as Lieutenant \f. W. Wainwright, commanding the
Harriet Lane, on the part of the Federals, and by
General J. K. Duncan and Lieutenant-eolouel
Edward lliggins for tho Confederates. By the
terms of the capitulation, the Confederate officers
and men were allowed to go on parole, tho officers
alone retaining their arms.
Everything was surrendered as it stood when the
white flag was raised. Although several thousand
shells had fallen into the forts and the battery, in
addition to the shots poured into them by the fleet,
Fort Jackson alone was found to be damaged to
any extent. Its drawbridge had been broken
down, some of the causeways and casemates were
in fragments, and tho citadel had been completely
destroyed by fire.
While the capitulation was being signed on board
tho Harriet Lane, Captain Mitchell towed out the
Louisiana battery, which had been left above the
forts, and after shotting all her guns and setting
firo to her, ho abandoned her into tho strong cur-
rent, believing she would blow up in the midst of
tho mortar-boats. She did not, however, go beyond
Fort St. Philip, in front of which she exploded,
killing 011a of its garrison, and afterward sank to
the bottom of tho river. Mitchell and his aids
were put under arrest by Porter for thus con-
tinuing hostilities while the white flag was flying
011 the ramparts.
After sending a small force on the western side
of tho liver, just above Fort Jackson, and placing
another force under eovor of the guns of tho J/is-
MWi>/iiDd A',.,.-, rh.se by Furt St. Philip, Butler
had reported i" Farragut on board the ilmlford,
ami returned to bring up tho remainder of his
troops by the river, lie embarked with his wife
and staff on the same steamship ( Mississippi) thiit
bad brought them from Hampton Roads, and nt
about noon of tho 1st of May all the transports lay
along the New Orleans levees. Butler
determined to take immediate pos-
session of the city. At four o'clock ho sent some
troops to occupy Algiers mid landed the Tliirty-
tirst Massaehusot'* and Tenth Wisconsin Regi-
ments, as well as Everett's buttery of heavy guns,
all of which acted as an cscorl for Generals Butler
and Williams and their respective staffs.
To tho tune of the "Star Spangled Banner,''
and under tbu guidance of Lieutenant V, eigel. tlioj
marched up to Canal Street, Im.k | ession of tho
Custom House, which was left in ohorgo zi I bo
Thirty- first Massachusetts, and, after posting
Evorett's battery around tho building, they re-
turned to the Mississippi, in wine!; they spent the
night, the Twelfth Connecticut IEegiuiontataiidmg
guard over it U|H>n tho levee.
On tho following dny Colonel Doming encamped
in Lafayotte Square, and General butler occupied
General Lovell's former headquarters at the
302
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
8t Charles Hotel, wner. he invitee tta dty w>
thr.ritiea to meet him for a conference. The Aby :■!
peremptorily refused, adding that hifl place t&
business was the City Hall. General Butler then
informed him that the reply was totally unsatisfac-
tory, and the Mayor, taking counsel of pnidei.ee,
called at the appointed hoar, with Pierre Sonle
urn! several friends.
While the conference was being held, a dense,
hooting crowd assembled in the open space around
the hotel, and threatened to make an open rnptnre
vita the troops. General Williams sent an aid to
General Butler informing him Unit ho feared he
could not much longer control tlio nioh. Botha
replied calmly : " Give my compliments to General
Williams, and tell him, if he finds ho cannot con-
trol the mob, to open upon them with artillery."
"Do not do that 1" shouted tlio Major, "Why not,
gentlemen ?" said Butler. " The mob must bo con-
trolled : wo can't have a disturbance in the street.'
As cannon had been planted at each corner of the
hotel, and woro then in charge of a force of BOldieiv
only too eager to avenge the insults which tat
crowd had been heaping upon them, the result o!
conveying such an order as Butler's can well tw
conjectured. But the Mayor and his friends pre-
vented for the time all further disturbance and
possible outbreak, by going out on the balcony an I
addressing the crowd, which slowly dispersed.
The rngo of the mob broke out anew, however,
upon seeing Lieutenant Kinsman and a detachmeii:
of fifty men escorting Judge Summers to a place
of safety. The instructions given the troops apoc
ei tering the city had been very stringent. Tbej
wore to march in silence, not to take any offense at
ihreats or insults, and, if fired upon, should en-
deavor to arrest the guilty parties, but they were
on no account to lire upon tlio crowd unless ii
proved absolutely necessary for self-defense, and
not even then except by orders.
Judge Sunimors's escort hod not proceeded mncr,
beyond the St, Charles Hotel when they encounters,
an individual creating a disturbance, and who waa
ordered to desist. As ho refused and bccauio more
abusive, the lieutenant directed iho sergeant to
lower bJ3 bayonet and to run him t droit gh if he die
not cease. This had the desired effect, and no mort
trouble waa experienced.
At the adjourned conference held the same even-
ing at the St, Charlc3 Hotel, Butler read the pro-
emulation which he had addressed to the inhabit-
ants of New Orleans, and which he had caused to
be primed by some of his own soldiers at the office
of tho rnie Delta newspaper, upon being told (ha!
its proprietor would not allow his types to be used
for the purpose.
In hia proclamation, all who hud taken np arm!:
against the Government of tho United States were
culled to lay them down ; all flags and devices of
tho Confederate Government we:n to disappear, and
the national flag to remain undisturbed, and in ull
cases to bo treated with respect. Ho promised pro-
tection to tho person and property of all well dis-
posed citizens, and enjoined tho inhabitants to
continue at their peaceful avocations, iu which
ihov would bo fully protected. Ho directed that
all shop3 and all places of amusement should be
kopt open as usual, and tho services in idl churches
and religious meeting- places be continued anJ
maintained the same a3 in times of peace. He
proclaimed martial law the governing forco, and
required all keepers of driuking-s>'!oons and public
honses to obtain a license from the provost- marshal
He assured tho inhabitants that tho soldiers were
ablo to and would preserve order in the city, ana
that the killing of any Federal soldier would bt
pnnished as murder. Civil cases would ho referred
to civil tribunals, hut all interference with tho
forces and laws of tho United States would be
referred to a military court. Tho nso of Confed-
erate bonds, money, or obligations, was prohibited.
Seditious publication a would ho suppressed. A
military censor would puss upon all newspaper
articles and telegrams. Outrages committed by
Federal soldiers upon tho persons or property of
tho citizens would bo severely dealt with by tho
provost-martial, and woro to ho r-jportod to tlio
provost-gnard at once; and tho titir.ono were as-
sured that all tho requircmentf. of tlio proclaim.
tiori would bo vigorously and (irmly administcrcd
The proclamation w l"roed on May 6th, 1368,
vnuwv to the -uJvu* jJ Sc%\i inii jthurt. *h"
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
3№3
*brf the Dnited States, ihe gliall be regarded and held liable to
t MeaUi as a woman of the tt-.vn plying her 0 vocation.
By command of Majoii oekebu, Butleh.
f.soaoE C. Stboso,
Ataiiaitl Ailjiilniit-gtiu:rnl,C7iitf of t&a$.
Its effect was to at once arrest all repetitions of
similar insults, and order was restored in all sections
of the city after the Mayor was arrested and Sonle
sent as a prisoner to Fort Warren, for too strongly-
opposing the measures of Gcner1 "
General George F. Sheplej
tary Governor of New Orleun-
suppression of the city gore
organized an efficient police
good order throughout. Willi
had taken down (be flag from the Mint, and boldly
led most of the disturbances, was arrested, tried,
and executed as a traitor on the 7th of July. Sev-
eral soldiersjrwho had been paroled at Port Jack-
son, and hod organized themselves as the " Monroo
Guard," in order to break through the Federal
lines and rejoin the Con federates, were ordered to
he shot, but were finally reprieved and sent to Ship
Island. Others who had entered houses and car-
ried off property, under color of authority, wore
hung five days after committing the crime, whilst
a number of men and women, guilty of various
offenses, were sent to Ship Island, arid otherwise
punished, apart from the above. General Shop-
ley's administration encountered but few disturb-
ing elements.
On the 2.r)th of July, General Butler issued a
proclamation to tiio effect that all property belong-
ing to prominent Confederate officials, military
and civil, would bo immediately confiscated, ana
that such as belonged to other Confederate sym-
pathizers would bo liable to confiscation nJess
thej returned to their allegiance by ttp **3d of the
foUWbfl Nn "11 ml Kir,
ml Butler.
appointed Jlili-
0 tin consequent
nt. and at once
. which Bccnred
:.Muinford,who
;u4
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
On tno B7tb of Omobor, ctencr&l HhUbi occupied
the Lafourche D'itriot, after on engupemont at
[aiuadiovillo. brilliantly fought by tho troops nnder
General Godfrey Weitzel, and remained in charge
uf the department until relieved, on tho 14th of
December, 1863, by General Aatlianiel P. I) auks,
Genera) Butler being ordered to Now York.
305
Altfciiurh the (h^ga was struck forty-two times and other- Brevet Major-general Qaltnifln's dlvfcdon, whicJi "o no™
wteBitorf bjury.^ptaii.aiilej- followed oB his course ,"i"i ," V<™ 1™, II, rem, ,1 with 'i( * ltZ~
up (he Mississippi lliver. shortly after reaching Uw Quarun- of tlie CUj of Mcsrieo. where n.. w.* sevtrvlv wound,,] whim
grounds where ho silenced a fonfedarel; Lattery oa the Isadin^ the nlimlng party that sirried ,L. Helen Qsl9 ' F.'*
™ his gallantry on the latter occasion, us well as at the bottle ol
Chapultepcc, lie was made u brevet captain, September Ulb,
d tho surrender of i(-" ofHcera and men.
rugut advanced ul-ou New Orleans, April 23th,
' 1 Bailey's Qcyuga was ugalu in the lead, and 1847, nnil si
cated
lood the combined Are of tho Chidmclle bat- light artillery.
1 both sides of the ri
DAVID GLASGOW FARliAGUT.
Boas at Campbell's Slat Ion. East Tennessee, July Bth,
"" ■ eatcred the nailed States Navy as midshipman,
command of a butieiy of
........j of the Mc.\iniu War his regiment went
up and axled m silencing then,, ne was afterward appointed Into garrison at Fort Piekeiu, wl,.-rc he r. ,i",i""l llliri| N.,
B commodore, ,,,,1 was made the bearer of important db. when lie went to Baton Itou.-c. I,,,., ot, r,, -ruiiii.tr service
pulchesand of many trophies which he carried to Washing. He Ibeo did garrison duly at Morion Barracks, Missouri;
IB frontier duly nn Ihc Western prairies of
1 assisted in 0*1 a Wishing Fort Atkinson,
Garrison duty nt Fori Leavenworth, Kansas, Fort
, New York, and commau.ling the recruiting depol
the recipient of a great deal of nl
Friday, the Ulb of Slav. 1802, was given a reeeplioi
ivembcr 10th, IS10, when only nine years of ago; first hy Ihc Chamber of Commerce of New York City. From the Kim"os
rerved under Captain David Porter, who hud procured Ills hitter year until 1805 he remained In command of the East HamuV
ap^intmsnt, and waaH.cn in command of the frigate *W era Gulf Blockading Squadron, and w promoted tor bis at Fort Columbus New York oce
s is.rrcs srx^;rrrton,LSj ifct -"*- lo lbo muk of ^^ iu im- №f *> m- ■■* - ^^mK:1^ ^ *,
cruise, oblaming the rank ,.f ]!"..".. ,,,,,.. To rr 1st. 1821. ^V'"'' "'"' j"'" '-'I' "~l'a h?}"™ '"' N™ T№'
In 1823 ho took par. in Porters expedition " gains, IhcWcst GEORGE F.-SITEPLEY. Sa^ri?, ■ r"^" ' '-•-',,, He™
J J;:'-"""'"""1 ,"',h" "duration. He spent mouth (Mll.-uf In 1W7. ai,.l "i ih- 1 I.m S,l I. < ■"",. th- latt-r dat.M.. S-pi.-ml-r l'n'h I-<;i ,,,,", ,, ,,,,".
::::t::7z:: ?]',! ~ F'; ■,!,".r"ik" ]r'^ in- y■■," uwt- !"1""""1 - ""■"-" -f "- -•"■■ "■■■■■ - -■- '■"'-'■ ^'^ ■ L ■ :;
" ,*' ' ""'V'rf ' "'":" n^" 11"n^K-iprem,Jadlrl"I^1,rthi 1*10; removed h- P-rt- I , -d Urn City Guanl. m.w ,!"■ jHT."iig tie.:-!, wbi.h embraced pari of Fla.'L.fliff-r
McKcai'sWcslcrn Gulf Squadron, and nil of Com.
maiider David D. Toner's mortar-uoala On thn
SOIh nf April, 1862. after holding
tains on board of bis flagship, I
paralinm were made for the ndvi
place early on Hie morning of the 24th. in three
divisions. led respectively by Farragut [n the flort/bni;
by Cnptaki Bell in Hie Scioto, and hy Captain Builey
On board the gitoboat Ciiytga. Fan? gut was posted
in tho foterigging of his vessel, with nigblglass in
hand, dire- 'ling tbe movements of the Heel through-
out Its peiUous udvuoce, and on Hie same evening
had thirteci vessels in safety ;i!iovo Ihc forts close
by the QuuTuitinc grounds. The next nftenioon
he had nncWed his vessels off the City of New
Orhsuis, ovei which he exerdted his protection until
the city was placed in charge ol General Butler.
For his seni.ea ia the capture of New Orlcnnn ho
received the blanks of Congress, and was made a
rear-admiral.
IheYicksburg halteriep, and
■ Hartford, pre-
In 1862, Fnrn,i[Ut
early the follow hij v
Flag-olilcer Porter oi
iDg Ihc forts of P.
Army. In October. 1S81, he was placed ut the bend
of the Department of the South, and had command
of Ihc troops at New Orleans when that city was
raptured by Pnrragnt's fleet In April, 1802. He
afterward fought succcsuftilly at the battle of Co-
rinth, and became aid to General Joseph E. Johnston.
So much fault had been found for Lis apparent
neglect of duly al New Orleans, that he sought a
court of inquiry ; but the kilter was nol convened
until Ai>ril, 1B93.
The record of the proceedings was transmitted lo
tlie Confederate War Department on the 13th of
July, but was o-^t acted upon until the following
Novombf r. Thu opinion of the court was n vio-
on -at inn ..( I In' i-.xn tiiiincli-r "f X.-w i irtmn-i. GunorJ
I.nvell, however, wiv oat restored to his command,
and the effect of lois course of action, ha com-
plained, was lo impair his reputation. He made an
nnpeal, which was not noticed by the Confederate
nilminislratlotl. After the war. General Lovcll, Willi
hi'; family, nsideil fur some years in Savannah, Git. ;
then returned lo the City of New York, where lie'
took lip his rcsidi oil' mid practical his profession an
n civil engineer, ami where iio died on Sunday, tho
1st of June, 1884.
PREPARATIONS FOR TEE DEFENSE
OF NEW ORLEANS.
CoiiMoiiOBE D. P. PoitTEit, writing from
I Ship Islutid, May 6th, 1802, describes the
Uonfoderuto ranis, lloatiug batteries and forts
defending New Orleans :
Four rams and lloaling batteries, such as the world
never before, saw, have been destroyed in the late
atiui'k. The Louisiana, an invincible stcam-hattcry.
which was set on lire and sent down on our rends
whilo the Hag of truce Was Hying ..nil I was drawing
Hudson, afterword" jolnlnn i "" T i \ WF==a~~-~JgSaa=::r:i;:-'"-L *SR(f£3itm*ii' !■'-'■ "'' """' '"ma< №r ^"I'tlulotion, r-rj which exploded
toe active operatiomi.-vhich were dir".ti,l against the V\ V \ W^ "'" ' '^.V '- - - -J&^WW^ U "l,l"" *'" vanh "r in ami Htmk u. , me minute, ™
■-.:-, ', ... ..-,r L' ....^y- £&$<;■ -f ■".'"■" tun-. L'.t. \-, I i"ng. ami bad IU heavy rifled
enjoying a short res I, lie v,ok part in" Ihc important ~" ' ' ' 8Mf\ "" "':"k' '" l>"' K,>""1' Sllc inLl'"ut'-i '" "'*"
reconnofcwancea of Fort GJnca and For! Morgan GEnitOE F. SITKPLEY position that night, when ahewould have driven off
and in August, 186-1. secured the victory of Mobile *" "7 Qcct~for- lls " I,ro№f o( *••* iavulncrabiliiy.
Bav. In ibis battle, bil flagabln was a.-ain the nnrtfi.nl no.il l"n to tl.n ™™ to™ i "n . -, , , " W"vie"l shlpa laid within ten fret of her
and from her m,i,""p, "","■ h' ha, ,-." """' '. "' " , ,' " \ TV;' ' ',' '"'" "" "^ """ ^"^ "" ""'*' "t"l"]ti'1"' ""'^ ™ """ "*
i-v". ,.... ;"!:, I i , ; 'I'S't; 3,'r'S "7f ',;"""",':•' ' ' • " "•■= -' <•> "" "p"-^ w..r ™,^ r"s,
BI.1. cr lirlmi, ,1 " ,. , , ..,.:, |, , ' I " 'r' ","* , ""'"'" ''l"",t" '""l"'1-"""'1 ''™ .'""P. '""1 '■" " ■"" .1 """ in tlJ to,.
". Iu,i"l""l. ,'." ,", , |, ." ',-'' " ""<"<>• '■*■>■>'*• ■■' V.1,,,,1.™ ,."J """!" .,.," Ml ,, Tli. l™"u,.K OTM..l,ra"™l,Mo",te"&
ll".l !,,."," "", ,,, .,;,. . " ' " , , . ," " ' ' № ' " ""'""' " •'' "" *1 •' J-". .■" mil. n""*r n Im "te ,,n,l "1,,,",."", L". 6I" b" ta. .
ftm.l .poo bin l.v . ",,i,".,", J.,",, ;, "',"I""™: "?f,."',™!U.,.U" -*1 -'. -Tj^"*" ""■"""• * "<""""<>""> "-"™" "" '""■"-"
usly ill. early
mouth, N. D., imd ihere
milury uffairs of New Orb
Whirl, .
Bohv a
it Plalt-burg. S. Y., April latll. 1805. and entered the
...e navy us a ,md-hi m. Jmiimrr 1,1. mS% ri,ily[. ," l]ln Go,
rnnkn of lieiilciianl in 1H-J7. enmnuuirler in IR|!(. Iml| mpfuiii war
In 1850, Entered the lloxlcan War, and
Ihc western coma of .Mexico. At tho n
War he was In command of the frigui,
lo the Western Gulf illoekudlng f>,u
rolumn of the right division of FnrrngtU
-ge of Forte Juekson and HI. Philip. This division consisted
"I the at"m, (llagship), pcnM,,jJlr Minfwppl, Varum
",.,-u,.K Ki,,,., BjtaWn, mm*kto". J. P. j"a"n n"d
TMmwua. It was (he ilm lo pass the forts, the (bm
-mg fur n the load, ana bearing (ho brunt of llio nitaek
Item H tehells Confwfcmie (,".<. Captain Builey displays!
In New Orleans c
apeeitneu of n floating battery I
going affair), ami bad >!i. l-i
gelling to sea, the whole Aim r
destroyed. She was O.IHHI Ions
had four engines, Uiri.1.1 propclti
the most pjilendid
Summer of 1670, at Ports, for Hint city a greater degree of hcnTllifub.
UU liicro died on the Ulb of August of tlutf, regained much of hs former menial influenco™ i'a i'bO-I
he Wtu place.] nt Ihc bead of Hie Militury Dislrlcl of Yirginir
'fHBODOnUB BAILEY nnd North Carolina ; thutiMrvodwiai tho Army of the James,
entering Richmond with the Twenty-fifth Army Corps on
of April. i")5. Ho was afterward Appointed Military places nine) of Iron, nod would
ior, which position he retained tuilll tho closo of tho Situ coat $2,000,000.
"''V;1" """""1| ""' Pn"H'M "f 'aw, at the same lima Tho best ooo I saw tloatiug by mo was n dry-dock turned
publL-hlng Kvcral law I realises nnd reports. Although he iolo a Doollng battery, mounting Id guns, ami the eulirc
lined tho appoint men I of Judge of engioo which wna to propel it hermetically sealed cj a thick
leptetl in tho year 1W10 Iron turret, against shot. Sho was sunk, hut it now aground
tho pais- Circuit,
n UM and succeeded In
an Nnvy would havo been
270 feet long, 00 feet beam
I, four Inches (uod in foiiil
ileum eJevcn knots an hour.
ml Inv
offered and
Hie Supremo Court of Maine, ho ".",,"
that ol United Stales Circuit Judge 'for tlie pirat' Jiidiclnl
MAMSFTKLn LOTBLL.
" much gallantry and ubilitj ... "
"ucceeded iu warding off the repeal.-,
lo disable his vessels, nnd only retire
f'Vraj/ut'ii instructions, ufter ho lindce
of three und disabled several of thu l_
ho cosily mlsod.
Beside, these, monsters, the mini port of ihc enemy'a do ■
fenscfl at tho forts consisted of kIx or seven Ironclad (runbouts
almost impervious to shot, and certainly to amJast vessels
20th, 1822 ; entered eomlng bow 00. Wo had nothing there, on our side, bin
iVosl Poinl In 1839, twenty frail morlnr-bnals. 11 vo sloops-of-wur, nine or ten
ar years Ir.ler, when P™>r gunboats (In all. 11 II11I0 over HO guns;, to contend
of Regular Artillery ognlnst two of tlie most Im(in-gnabh) forls lo this or any
- No served as such Othcr country, mounting 127 guns (many at Ibom killed)
"ill. (J,,iin,l /,u-i"lrj. Tnyhir'n unnv of o!"...-vi.llnn nt Cor- thnm froo-phited batteries monntinn thlrtvono ouna. ni
pus Cbrlsti, Tex., in IBM. and also lo M, rtc0 thu year fol- or sovon Iron-plated gunboat*, and nine or ten IhJnm no
! is wounded nt tho battle of Montoroj, ami "P for tho occasion, soot, destroyed, and their nnwo/nov-i
jado ndjuuioi uonorul of to bo known.
with I
on tho 0th of It
BUKKBNDER OS THE CONSEDERATK FORCES, FIVE THUUSAMD STRONG, UNDEB 8
ARtBE THEIR RETREAT F80M is^w
UKKKSUER OF mS^T"" FIVE ™SM. STKONG, DNBEK ^AU H,CALL A"D OAHTT, " 8EBEEAL FAUns. AT TUWTLLE, TENK, APWL ■
AtTEK THEIB BETBEAT FEOJi ISL$" TO. 10, AS DESOBIBED ON PASE 257.
joS
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
' f ti^: life
f^I^Jf
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAX.
309
lin
CAPTURE OF TOKKTOWK-i BATTLE OF being insured by the 35,000 men left in the Slu
"WILLIAMSBURG. nnndoah Valley. Fortress Monroe was to be the makinj,
first base of operations against Richmond, upon Island and in front of Howard's and Youn
1 lake place on the SSr] of
February, 1862, the Army
of ibo Potom'ic (Jiil not un
.lertake bl_ .novemont of
importance until it learned
/hat General Joseph E. John-
ilon'a army had abandoned
C'entroi ille and Manassas.
1, nil wk falling back upon
itiiihm* nd
Genera' jfcClellnn then
.Mt'ed orders for tbo im-
mediate advance of his army
toward tlio abandoned posh.
and on the 10th of March,
1883, CentreviHe was occu-
pied by Colonel ATorill's
cavalry. The Confederal
troops had retired slowly,
and were not very far dis-
tant when the Federals had
completed their movement
but, naiuly in consequence
of had weather and roids
ami the shortness of sup-
plies, no pursuit of any mo-
ment was instituted against the Confederates whan
they encamped either behind the Rappahannock or sisted
(lie Rapidan. camped close by Fortress" Mon:
n the 11th of March, 18C3, the President McClellan himself reached the latter "pi
■ktown. Magruder had first intended
stand close by Big Bethel, both at Ship
__ nibb xvimnuouu, upon .isianu and in front of Howard's and Young's Mills,
Id have to be made "by way but when he learned of tlio strong force which
u mm "i ./est Point, the ' "
furnishing a base of operations later on. changed his base, and established his lino from
.kiSr, ' r' ^7№' which the advance™
ntval Wst V Z I I' i r\ hi r] "f T0,rkt01™ Hnd №f WcSt P№int' tlie lntter Place Mc01elIan WttS e"tllcrin6 nt F""t™ii Monroe, he
navaiforcea as Pros dent Lincoln had ordered them furnishing a base of operations later on. chanced his base, and eUblishec "'
, r;ita#^^
mm
■■ ! fe
AT BIG BETHEL, VA.
Yorktown to Wynne's Milt
on the Warwick River, whicl
AleOIclhm had now reached.
Magrudcr's force at York-
tomi was then reported to
bo fully 20,000 men. To
these were added, toward
the middle of April, two
divisions of the Army of
Northern Virginia, increas.
ing the Confederate force
to about 50,000 men.
In the meantime, General
IlIenker'H division of 10,000
men had been sent to rein,
force Fremont, and McDow-
ell's eutiro corps was tempo-
rarily detached, by General
\\ adeworth's suggestion, in
order to strengthen the de-
fense of Washington.
From the 5th of April to
the 3d of May reinforce-
ments were continually
reaching McClellan's army.
Inch, under the dire
responsibility hereto.':
g MoOlellai
1 devolving
On the 23d of March, the advance, which con- of General Fits John Porter, was engaged in
;ted of Heintzelman's corps, landed at and en- throwing up entrenchments, and otherwise pre-
lum paring for a siege. In response to McClellan's
tho urgent solicitations, General Franklin's division of
1 of part of tho 3d of April, he found 58,000 m"n, and much of hia nearly 12,000 men had been detached from Mciw
upon him. Tbo artillery already there. The following day he ell's corps, and sent in transports on tho Posquotin
order stated tint "General McClellan having per- moved his whole army Ward Yorktown, in order River ^
tne Potom"" in(ifoS attending neeessary rcennnoissanccsat different
from the command of the other Military Depart- ation of the naval force in Hampton Roads, whom points around Yorktown but nono of these devel
inents, b" "taming the command of the Depart- he thought would reduce the Confederate batteries oped into anvlhing of moment, except on the Kith
merit ot "ne 1 otomae. both on the James and York Rivers.
General Halleck was given the command of tho The advance was made in two columns, led by
new Department of tho Mississippi, embracing all General Samuel P. Heinholman, who bad with him the Confederates at
the region west of Knoxvillo, while the Mountain the divisions of Generals Charles S. Hamilton and on die Warwick Riv,.
g tho region between the Fit, John Porter, and by General Erasmus D. McClellan bad ordered Smith to make a reeon-
b comprised tho divisions of Gon- noissanco in force at Wynne's Mill, and if pressed,
to open an attack. Tho Federal vanguard, com-
Anurias!. of AllriI. whon General Smith's divi-
■"" on the extreme right, attacked
lot was called Dam No. 1,
Departments of tbo Potomac and of the Missis- Kcyes, whose
sippi, was created for General Fremont. All com- eral Darius N. Conch and William F. Smith
manders of departments were henceforth to report oral Heinteelmau's force, accompanied by General posed of Vermont troops, waded across "tho strea.
JireetlytotheSeereUryofWar. McClellan, reached Big Bethel the following day, under cover of Avr.^A.Merv , bid, silenced some
A a conned of war held on the 13,1, of March, whilst the left wing under Reyes at the same time of the Confederate g,,"s, n" u IS
r ."u , ' fT'f ;w W 1 "№^PM WUnV1'Ck C№"rt UPUBe' Thmu* l]l№ tW№ l"ck two re=imc"'s "f G""P'B ""d H-rt" Caroline
I or re^ Monroe such of the forces as were not columns proceeded slowly until tho troons: but those bam* stroLv ",mf"™fl ™li;",i
needed for holding Manassas Junction and protect- "M,1K 6th of April, who
iig Washington, the safety of the nationaU-apital front of General John 15. M:
they halted in and, notably with the aid of General Howell Cobb,
trader's fortified drove the Vermonters again to the opposite bank ol
iiia&9->"!"%5*
1 m
\ I'BDKllA), BOLDIGDP UKl'AlKIMQ TEE BAILIIOAO BRIDGE OVER QOUSE OKBBS, HUaTUOrED BY THE CUNEEUli HATES IN TBJSIB KBTUB&'f
Iftuui 1 f.-.i- 1, It Udhih Ku'lJIBK.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
3 J i
tho river, with a heavy loss. A second like attempt
was made by the Sixth Vermont Regiment, but
to no bettor purpose, and the Federals retired to
their works lifter experiencing a total loss of 35
killed and 120 wounded, nearly one-half of wbicj
fell upon four companies of the Third Vormjnt
Regiment.
By the 3d of May McClellan had completed and
armed all his works, and had an effective force of
112,000 men, with. which he contemplated moving
ahead three days later, His works consisted of
fifteen difTt.ent batteries, mounting one hundred
and e'.even guns and mortars. Willie constructing
them, he had hut once departed from his original
resolution not to open upon the Confederates until
all were finished. That was when he had fired upon
■. i--,;-is di.-r hargniL' at tin- Yurktiiwn wharf, and had
.lriven them across to Gloucester Point, with both
shot and shell from his 100 and 200 pounders.
Lute in tlio afternoon of the 3d, the Confederates
begun shelling Heint adman's camp, and kept up
bring at intervals until after midnight. At day-
light a great conflagration was risible in York town,
and the report having been made that the latter
place was being evacuated, Ileintwdman ascended
in his balloon, and found that many of the Con-
federate guns had in reality been abandoned. The
Confederates had, in fact, evacuated York town and
Gloucester, and fallen back about twelve miles to
Williamsburg, in accordance with the decision
arrived at in the council held at the Nelson Souse,
in Yorklown. on the 30th r,f April.
The Federals entered Yorktown on the 4th of
May, and took possession of it, us well as of the
fifty-three guns remaining there uninjured, and
at once organized a vigorous pursuit, which was
directed by General Edwin V. Sumner.
General George Stor.ercan pushed ahead, in n
heavy rainstorm, with cavalry and borso artillery,
and was followed by the divisions of Generals
Ooucll, Smith ami Silas Casey, which took the
Wynnes Mill Road, and bv the divisions of Gen-
erals Joseph Hooker and Phil Kearney, which
entered the Yorktown Road. The divisions of
Generals Fit?; John Porter. Israel B. Richardson,
and John Sedgwick, remained in the immediate
vicinity of Yorktown, where McOlellan was to com-
plete arrangement for operations along the York
River.
Stoneman soon came upon tho line of strong
earthworks which the Confederates had constructed
a low months before about two miles from Williams-
burg, and where they bad just left a, strong rear
guard to protect their retreat across tho Chicka-
hominy River. There he stopped to await the
arrival of the infantry, as ho could not well attack
the works without it. At fivo o'clock Smith's divi-
sion, accompanied by General Sumner, had joined
Stoneman's, and at about midnight Hooker hail
brought his division on Smith's loft.
The troops rested as best they could in the midst
of the continuous rainstorm, and before daylight on
the 5th, Hooker, who was eager for an engagement,
pressed forward, and at half-past seven was ready
for tho attack. The First Massachusetts and the
Second New Ha mn shire Regiments ad vane ec
^S2 his onginu! liDe, and this his compare-
lively small force did reluctantly. He
I jtired slowly, disputing all the way,
until ho could form & line of battle
:'!u;o by the Dam, where bo awaited the
Confederate advance, now led by Colonel
Melbic, who had taken Early's place, aa
tho latter was wounded; and when the
enemy reached him, ho ordered a bay-
onet-chnrgo along tlio entire lino, which
was at onco vigorously executed. The
Confederates stood their ground bravely,
doubtless in the expectation of reinforce-
ments, which did not raacb them, bnt
had finally to yield the ground and retire
toward Williamsburg, which they did as
daikness came upon the contending
The gallantry of the two Confederate
regiments which thus engaged the Fed-
ir?.1 right wing was such as to afterward
call forth the following remark from Gen-
:ral Hancock: "The Fifth North Carolina
inrl Twenty -fourth. Virginia deseive to
have the word 'Immortal' inscribed on
their banners."
Hancock's sudden chargo decided the battle, foi
it left the rcnl key of tho position in Fedend hands.
With tho reinforcements which McClollan had
caused to bo sent him immediately npon reaching
the scene luti in the afternoon, Hancock took oos-
! ess ion of all the ground he had previously occu-
pied, i.nd night closed upon what proved to bo a
dearly bonght victory for the Federals. They had.
in fact, gained it after sustaining a loss of 2,2^S in
killed and wounded, the Confederate loss being
only about half that number.
Early on the 6th of May, Williamsburg was
occupied by the Federals, while Johnston's army
was again beyond the Cliiekahominy. The
Federals rested until the main body had
come tip, and on the 8th. Stoneman was
sent with Smith's division to open the
road to Franklin. On the 16th the ad-
vance reached White House, and four
days later McClellan established his head-
quarters at Cold Harbor, about nine miles
from Hichmond. Troops were already
stationed at Potlotn's liridge, and on the
20th c strong force occupied the heights
on the Richmond side of the Chickaho-
mray River.
On the 5th of May, McClellan had
n.-ieied Franklin's division to leave its
prolonged station in the Posqnotin River, j|
ind proceed to West Point with tho <*jј
divisions of Generals Richardson, Sedg- J||j
ivick and Porter. Franklin reached '.be ] £
head of the York 'diver the same evening,
and early tho following day Newton's
troops landed on the right bank of tho
I'amuukcy River, where the remainder
■ if General Franklin's division soon joined
thorn.
La to in the evening of the ?th, an un-
successful attempt was made to drivo off
the Federals by the Confederates belong-
ing to the rear guard of Johnston's re-
treating forces. The latter were mot by
the Sixteenth, Thirty-first and Thirty
second New York, and tho Nii.ety-fifth
Had Ninety-sixth Pennsylvania Regiments,
who kept up for nearly four hours a sharp
musketry fire through tho woods, until
they received tho cannon landed by tho
gunboats. With tho aid of the bntterie-
qui landed the Federals soon drove
iwuy the Confederates, who continued on
their rot-eat. The Federal 1 oases In this
encounter were ii) killed arid 1S4 wounded
itul missing.
The other divisions worj diny landed
from the transports, and 'ho Tederals
EDWIN VOSE SUMNER,
thereafter held the position
base of supplies for the Army of tho Potomac,
EDWIN VOSE SUMNER.
J at Bos! or.
Mass., January, 1780, nnd after com-
.Indies, entered the army, becoming second lieu-
ifauiry. March 3d, 1810, and lint lieutenant in
.Tu'y. 1S33. lie was made resistant cemmisiiry of snb-
Nbtence in June. 1S27, captain of dmeoons j" Hareh, 1633, unort Pji|a(.y Johnston in
command if the Department of Ihe Pacific; He
eomnihiiidL'd llie Firhl Corps of McClcltan's rrrny
throughout the Virginia Peninsular Cnrnpnlga, ir
April-May, 1802, where he was twice wounded,
und in .Inly of the same year was commissioned a
maji>r-eeneral of Volunteers, and placed at lliu
head of tho Secnnd Corps. He afterward took
part at IlicliaKle of Fredericksburg, In December,
1863, and was relieved from service (be following
month al his own request. In March, 1H03, lie
was placed nt the Iinil of llie IVpurtmcnl 'if the
Missouri, but on the way to Ids post be was lukcn
ill, and died m Syracuse, N.Y., March 31st, l&Cd
JOHN JAMES PECK.
Eoiin at Manilla, S. Y , Janunrj 4th. 1S31;
entered tbc L'nit.d St.t,, Military Academy at
West Point in 18-111. m corarai.iior.ed a breve t-
in the Mexican War, and especially diatinguishc4
himself nt tho battles of Palo Alto, ftesaca do la
Polma, Coot rents, Churubusco, and El Ifollno dd
Rcy, receiving fn return the grades of firet Ueu-
tennot, of brevet-cap tain, and of brevet-major.
He resigned his army commjjelon on the 81st o)
March, 1853, to take the position af cashier in a
bank at Syracuse, N. Y.; bat ot the breaking out
of th,. C'iHl War he tendered his service) to the
Government, and rp-cutered the inrny at tho head
of a regiment of volunteer-. On the 9th of
August, 1801, he was made a brigadier-general,
an additional and at the time of the Virginia Peninsular Campaign, In
April-May, 1863, was given the command of a brigndo in the
Fourth Corps under General Darius N. Couch. He wtu
appointed a major-general in July, 1683, and afterward con;-
mamied at Suffolt--., Va., where Longstreet conducted a stage
ogeiast him ; also in North CnrcMna, and on the borders of
Canada,
THE OCCUPATION OF NOEFOLE.
When' President Lincoln and Secretaries Ohnso
itod Fortress Btonroo after the enr-
rendcrof Yorktown, General Wool repeated his re-
quest to bo allowed to break up tho Confederate
received severe wounds, that he was soon nftti breveted a blockade of the James Itiver,
JOHN JAMlid PHCB
given tho
desired loavo moro readily when it was
learned that tho Confedomto General
Benjamin Huger was preparing to leave
Norfolk.
On tho 8th of Aloy, arrasgomentg wok
raado for a joint land and naval ospe-
dition. Commodoro Golds-
borough transferred to Cap-
tain James L, Lardner tho command of
a squadron composed of tho Monitor,
NaugatucJc, Susquehanna, SsmtaalB, San
Jacinto, Steve/is and Dakota, and General
Wool embarked upon transports a Lint'
force consisting of the First Delaware,
the Tenth, Twentieth and Ninety-ninth
New York, and tho Fifty-eighth Penn-
sylvania Regiments, os well as some
mounted riflemen, and two batterieE oi
artillery.
Tho Sowall's Point and Craney Island
batteries 1Y3" o at oneo engaged by the
Bnuadron, the Monitor and tho Stevens
being stationed iu tho immediate front,
Tho Confederates did not respond for
some tinio, and when thoy dually ro
turned lire, showed that but seventeen
"-.!iis remained in the main battery a!
Sowall's Point. At half-prat two o'clock
tho Confederate ram Merrimack ( Fir
ginia) camo out from Norfolk, apparent!)
to engage tho squadron; but when the
Monitor advuncod toward hur, sho steumoc1
nuok, and kupt out of reach.
The shelling of tho bat torioS continued
during the afternoon, and caused tho com-
ploto destniotion of the Oonfodornto bar*
racks, and of many of tho earthworks.
Shortly after five o'clock tho squadron
was o ill ere 1 1 back, and the troops won)
disembarked. A rcconnoissnnco was mad'
tho following day by General Wool, in
company with Secretary Ohaso and soma
leading topographical engineura, when it
was decided to bunl aboat S.uOC uuui "'
i'A
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
3'9
Ocean View, on Willongbb/B Beacli. That dame
afternoon t'io troops were re-embark**,, tlio lat-
teries once "novo engaged, in order to direct at-
tention from (lie real object of the movement,
met early on the morning of the 10th the. Fed-
erals landed at Ocean Vi<
Generals Wool, Viele
iiiid Mansfield then took
eummand. A force was
immediately sent to take
possession of and guard
'.ho hridgo over Tanner's
Creek, In tht .ear of the
without opposition.
to apoirit about two and ahalf miles south of Win- Jackson'? attempt on the Feueral left having
Chester, closely pursued by Turner Ashby's cavalry, proved unsuccessful, ho centred his attention npon
Sbielda was in hopes that Jackson would attack its right flank, toward which additional batteries
him, and thus delay the posssiblo junction with were directed, while at the same time a renewed
Johnston before Richmond. attack was made on the left. The movement was
On the 22d of March, Ashby'a cavalry made so well directed and so admirably executed, that
Daum's artillerj gave
-_---__ way, and the rapid Con-
federate advance at one
moment bid fair to en-
"\ s _ danger the Federal
~~ -t^l forces.
"^^h General 8bieldB, then
tery;
BLOWING UP OF Til
bat they ]
with orti
opposite )
The C(
disappear
the time
forward,
position
when the
march.
the Confederates, which
still held twenty-nine
-ens, and by five o'clock
Genera] Wool and his
troops were in the im-
mediate vicinity of Norfolk. They were preparing-
for a vigorous attack of the place, when tbov worn
approached by Mayor Lamb of Norfolk and a de-
putation of its citizens, bearing a flag of truce and
in offer to surrender the city. The latter was
turned over to General Wool, who at once ap-
pointed General Viele its military governor.
General Huger had been ordered not to make
any resistance to armed Federal occupation, and
lie had, therefore, left the city in charge of its
Mayor, and retre'.ted to Richmond upon hearing
that the Federal forces had occupied Ocean View.
Early on the morning of the 11th, a largo fire
t?aa seen, and a heavy explosion heard in the di-
rection of the city. It proved afterward to bo
Die bn ruing of the Navy Yard with all its con-
tents, ani the blowing np of the Merrimack under
the direction of Commodoro TatnalL
Norfolk and Portsmouth were taken possession
|Ui Jm of, and the batteries at Sowall's Point
and Crancy Island blown up, by Com-
modore (ioldsborough, while the commanding
general and Secretary Chase returned to Fortress
Monroe. There General Wool soon received, for
himself and the soldiers under his command, the
t hunks of the President.
OPERATIONS IN THE SHENANDOAH
VALLEY.
Oenbbal Jaiibs Shields, who had succeeded
General F. W. Lander, upon the death of the latter,
had followed the Confederates nndei' General Jack-
son as far as Mount Jackson, but finding them in
-traitor force than bo expected, ho bud fallen back
;d the charge,
and, after a desperate
and prolonged resistance,
a dash into Winchester, and drove in the Federal captured the guns. Then followed nti attack upon
picicts; but after a short though lively skirmish tbe Confederates, in which Tyler's brigade was sig-
iiAMit ibe. tno Confederates were driven back, nally aided by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth In-
Wliilo directing the Federals, Gen- diana. Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania, and Fifth anil
end Shields had his arm shattered, and he was also Sixty-second Rogiments, as well as by detachments
wounded in the side by the fragments of a shell ; from (lie Eighth and Sixty-seventh Ohio Regiments.
but, notwithstanding his injuries, ho made pre- The Confederates made a bold stand, but they were
partitions to meet the renewed encounter, which ufc last forced back through tbe woods, and eoin-
he thought would bo likely to take place tho fol- pelled to leave behind their dead and wounded.
lowing day. Their loss was 80 killed and 342 wounded, whilst
He sent the same night to Kornstown, about half that of the Federals was HI wounded and 103
a mile distant, the brigade commanded by Colonel killed, tho latter including Colonel Mnrrny of tht
Kimball of tho Fourteenth Indiana Regiment, Eighty -fourth Pennsylvania. The Federals cap-
whioh was well supported by Damn's battery, and tared in all about 300 prisoners, besides two pieced
had Colonel Sullivan's brigade as a reserve. A of artillery, several caissons and a quantity of small
reconnoissanco inado the next morning showed arms. This engagement should properly be called
only Ashby's cavalry in tho immediate front, tho battle of Kemstown, although it is termed by
although the Confederates were nt that time many tho battle of Winchester,
strongly posted and ready for battle in the woods, Gonoral Banks bad boon apprised of the progress
half a milo south of Kornstown. Not anticipating of tbe battlo by telegraph, and returned the next
in engagement, General Banks went to Washing- morning to Winchester, where ho took command in
tun, in response to a summons ho had previously person, and a pursuit was made to Woodstock, a
received. distance of about thirty miles, without, however,
At about twelve o'clock Jackson opened upon bringing about any engagement.
Kimball's forco with artillery. Tho firo was inline- Stonowall Jackson's army foil hack to Harrison-
diately returned by Danm's battery, while tho re- burg, where it remained until the 19th of April,
servo was ordered up, and tho engagement soon when it crossed tho south fork of the Shennndo?!:
became general. Jackson onco made tho attempt River. There it received, at tho end of tho mouth,
to turn Kimball's left, but tho Confederates were ,w> General Richard S. Swell's division.
repulsed by tho combined efforts of Colonel Car- A "^ and two of Gonoral Edward S. John-
roll's Eighth Ohio Regiment, several companies of Bon's brigades. General Banks had followed Jack
the Sixty-seventh Ohio Regiment, and Jenks'a hat- son, mid taken position at Harrisonburg ; but as
tery, which were judiciously thrown forward on soon i;s General Shiolds/s division was taken from
both sides of the Vulloy Turnpike. him and given to McDowell, he was ordered to fa'J
",D RjUT Nulil'OI.K. UVILT UY TUB UNlTliU STATES UUVIiiiNMlfiHT, ALTBUliLi AMU STltENUTULtJBll 11Y TUB CuN PBOEllATflB.
J20
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
.--*#,
si-
Uf3&
,c^&. ^^^f^"iypji
■:A.rS
-.m^k
_iftg£
NAVAL HOSPITAL AND HATTERY AT I'lill TSUODTH, VA.
BOBMTNO OF TEE NORFOLK. NAVY YARD BY THE CONFEDERATES - PNBOCCES9FDL ATTEMPT TO DESTROY THE DRY-DOOK
BTSMOV1NH SUNKEN mUluuNERS WUIOH BLOCKADED Till.; ENTRANCE TO THE UAHUUU
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
32*
back to Str.isbuig. x>. icw days later McDowell was port of Captain Ma]
ordered to join HcClellnn before Richmond, by section of Knapp's lx
way of the Richmond and PrederickBlmrg Rail- raado avorybrarora
road, and yet hold himself always in such n posi- driven across the riv
tion (ib to cover "Washington and against a sudden bridge, lint the flam
dash of any large body of the Confederate forces, the Confederates, w
General James "Wadsworth was appointed
Military Governor of the District of Colum-
bia, and placed at the bend of the troops
assigned to the defense of the capital
Jackson had been ordered to watch Banks
closely, and to hold him while General Lee
woold endeavor to cut off the Federal com-
mnnication between Winchester and Alex-
andria. As soon, however, as he learned
that part of Fremont's forces, under General
Milrov, were approaching from Roomer, he
left Swell to hold Banks, and moved rapidly
toward Stannton. whence ha sent E. S. John-
urn, with five brigades, to attack Milroy.
Tho latter, finding his forces greatly out-
numbered, retired to n place in tho Bull
Pasture Mountains called McDowell, where
he was joined by one of Schcuck's brigades
at about the time Jackson had concluded to
go to Johnson's assistance.
On the 8th of May Jackson appeared with
a large force on a ridge overlooking the Fed-
eral encampment, and Milroy sont the Third
Virginia and tho Twenty-fifth, Thirty-second,
Seventy-fifth and Eighty-second Ohio, with a
6-pounder of tho Twelfth Ohio Battery, ia
charge of Lieutcnunt Bowcn, to dislodge
him. The engagement that followed, and
which ia called the battle of McDowell, or
the battle of Bull Pasture, was fought with
great gallantry on both sides. It lasted fully
five houre, and did not actually terminate
until darkness had set in. The losses were
reported at 256 in killed and wonnded on
the Federal side, tho Confederates having
loat a still Erreater number, including Gen-
eral Edward S. Johnson, who wa3 counted among thev had severely
sra, supported by a centre. Tho rear had proceeded but a short dis-
hongh tho Federals tance beyond Cedar Creek, when reports reached
By were before long them that the train had been attacked at Middlo-
■ tried to hum the town. This was soon followed by the train itself,
extinguished by which had been ordered to the rear. The troops
pursued relentlessly until
: then moved rapidly to the front, where a small
Confederate force was encountered and
beaten hack to the Front Royal Road by
Cochran's battery, the Twenty-eighth New
Fork, and the Forty-sixth Pennsylvania Re-
giments, under lieutenant-colonels Brown
and Knipe.
A recounoissance made by Broadhead's
cavalry showed tho road clear to Win-
chester; but before Banks's main body bad
gone much beyond Middlotewn, it was re-
ported that a large portion of Jackson's
forces had already reached Winchester.
Banks harried on, and just as he had
reached Newtown, was attacked by tho ad-
vance guard of the Confederates ; hut the
latter were compelled to retire after a
spirited engagement, in which the Second
Massachusetts, Twenty-seventh Indiana, and
Twenty-eighth New York, took a leading
rt.
By midnight Banks was in Winchester,
where ho soon posted his infantry and ai-
tillcry, and prepared actively to meet tha
Confederate attack, which he justly thought
must needs soon follow.
Uoforo daybreak of the 25th, Jackson
moved simultaneously against
tho Federal left, commanded
by Colonel Donnelly, and against the right
wing, which had beeu placed in charge of
Colonel Gordon nnd was well posted npon
a ridge toward the southern position of tbo
nity.
The Federals repulsed the Confederates,
JAMES SHIELDS. who suffered a heavy loss on the left; but;
they were not so successful on tha right.
,ded Keuly ani captured An attempt to torn the Federal flank from the
him, as well as about 700 of his men, his gnns, Borryvillo Road, and a well-directed movement
Milroy's position proving untenable, it was de- and all of his supply-train. against the centre, whore General Hatch had the
cided to abandon it, and during the following night The news of Eenly'a defeat reached Banks at cavalry, compelled the Federals to yield in tarn.
the Federals retired to Franklin. Jackson pur- Stnisburg, and to avoid tho possibility of capture Reinforcements had been continually reaching
sned them to the latter place, but when ho learned after Jackson would cut off his supplies and rein- Jackson, and after a desperate engagemsnt of
that Banks was preparing to fall hack from Harri- forcement3 by taking possession of Winchester, nearly five hours' duration, the Federals had fully
aonhurg, he retained to McDowell, and crossed the Banks decided to avail of h.'s only menus of eseapu given way along tho entire line,
mountains after him. By the time Jackson was down the Valley. It was likely to prove an even Banks first sent his trains toward the Potomac,
r Springs, ho we'
guard,
bad got
for Winchester, the objective point nnd tho and retreated through the City of Winchester under
a heavy fire, and with the
Second Massachusetts and
the Third Wisconsin Re-
acting as a rear
When the army
beyond the city,
ts ordered it to be di-
1 into three parallel
nns, each of which
given a3 powerful a
guard as could be
id ; and after an al-
continuoua skirmish-
with the pursuing
federates, Banks's
' reached Martinsburg,
tanco of about twenty-
i miles, the same after-
yto leave Lebanon Sulp
Banks waa well on his way
toward Strasbnrg, Jackson
pushed on to New Market,
-fhere he joined Swell, who
had already started in pur-
suit, and the united forces
proceeded thence at once
into the Lnray Valley, in
order to try and cut off, at
Front Royal, Banks's pos-
sible retreat in that direc-
tion. The Confederate
forces which were thus con-
solidated represented about
20,000 men, and embraced
E well's brigades, led by
Generals Elzey, Taylor and
Trimble, as well as Gen-
eral E. S. Johnson's; the
brigade of Generals Cam |- '< . X W>{L(^* *) <4t<ј^&3G£&& '*^^C%i ~5 - i : '' /' ' SH^k) 1^ r^~ Tho Federala rested at
bell, Fnlkeston and - f / 1/ W^^-JpP^^" \L ^:VJlB'tJ:-~ Martinsburg two and
binder, and AsLby'a ear- - \A ^:- jJјS&r * jk ^ \V lV^^^ -^5s~ half hours, and then
dry; Colonel Flournoy's .- -.* " jrf$fc¥ Ml A^ V^V >Ki ) fc-//r A^oBlF --. - ^ marched on toward Wil-
Kecond and Sistb Virginia ' ^z .. "- :*■ ■'■ (if"--- -X'/V./"/ '^tt^/^SSE^ W--^^?-- ""lc- opposite tho city, at
Maryhmd Batteries. ^fc. , * % / jSl* ^"^ S- #■/ ^->- - -,, ,m!, k .,, u" evening.
This advance waa so well ^_ .^^JJ<,^ ' !^^^S^^/k " /■' ) - " They had thns covered
managed, that tho Confed - _ *~ - •***&* '--^f ^"^^^^^JSv fifty-three miles in forty-
orates fell npon Colonel ' * eight hours,
Kenb/a small garrison of I'UllsrJIT OF GENERAL BAMKs's TROOPS TUROUHH THE OITT or WINCHESTER, Va. The cavalry waded across
about T.400 men stationed the river, but the infantry
it Front Royal, almost lielore liana- luid any In- real key to tho Valley, wilH about e^nMisiaut irom uud artillery enrdd not be successfully moved acres*
timntions of their approach. At about noon of the Front Royal and from Stnisburg. until the laying of a ponton-train, which haJ for-
23d, Aflbby's cavalry attacked Ken'y'e Banks set out from the latter place on tho morn- tunntcly beeu brought along from Stnisburg.
H*t, nva j^tjo fOT^ (jougjjtipg altogether, at ing of tho 34th, with his train in the immediate By noon of tho 20th, all of Banks's army was
[■ rout Royal proper and on the Road, of companies front, protected by detachments of infantry and safely lauded on tho Maryland side in time to avoid
takenfrom the Fifth New York, Second Miwsachu- cavalry under Colonel Dudley Donnelly, whilst n renewed conflict with tho Confed unites, who,aftor
Setts, Third Wisconsin, and the Twenty-seventh General John P. Hatch commanded tho rear guard, pursuing the Federals as far as Martinsburg, had
Indiana and Pennsylvania Regiments, as well as and to Colonel George II. Gordo
i given tbo jnat reached tho opposite banks of the river.
HAKKY B. HIDDEN.
REOONNOISSANCE OF THE CONFEDERATE POSITION AT STRA
£ATJ)L" OF WIMUJaEtii'ltfK, VA., ilAiiCfl 23u, IStiA -DECISIVE UAVa
iiAiiiiv ii. Milium
BEOONNOISSANOB OP THK UONFBDHBATB POSITION AT STJUSBljllG. 1-HEVIOTO TO ITS OCOBPATION UV OBNEEAL FRBHWI?.
wt
32*
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CI1IL WAX.
3^5
GENERAL FREMONT 3 DI
i*hb loss of tho Federals wna about 000 men.
Alt the Feilera! gun;, and ull b^t Gfty-five of nearly
five hundred wagons, were savad.
Jackson's advance had caused almost a panic in
Washington, and under the belief that the capital
was soon to be attacked] orders had been issned to
tho Governors of the dilkvont. States to hurry for-
ward nil the volunteers and militia they could spare,
wliile the transportation lines wore directed to hold
themselves in readiness to convey infantry, artil-
lery and cavalry, as well as ammunition and all
kinds of army supplies, to the exclusion, if need
be, of all other business.
The President countermanded the orders pre-
viously given McDowell to move with Shields'a
division upon Richmond, and ordered him to Unine-
diatclypnt 20,000 men into tho Shenandoah Valley.,
This was for the purpose of relif>"iu" Banks, nod in
order that ho might there eo-operate with the latter,
as well as with Fremont, who had been ordered to
move in tho rear of Jackson's army, by way of
Franklin and Harrisonburg.
Perceiving the danger to which he was exposed,
Jackson caused Enell, on the 29th, to mako a
feigned attack upon Harper's Ferry, then held by
General Rnfiis Sax ton, in order to mask his in-
tended retreat, and the following day his entire
army was on its march from Winchester to fjtras-
bsrg, reaching the latter place on the 1st of Juno,
and at once proceeding thence in
the direction of Harrisonburg. Jack-
son destroyed not only all the bridges as he ad-
vanced, but he sent, besides, cavalry in different
directions to destroy such as wcro likely to be U6ed
by McDowell's army.
Fremont crossed tho mountains with as little
delay as was practicable, end, through heavy roads,
reached Strasburg just after Jackson had passed
through it. Thero he was joined the following
morning by General George D. Bayard, whe
brought with him tho vanguard of Shields'e cav-
alry, and, without waiting either for re info re em on Is
or to afford the fatigued troops their much needed
rest, they immediately started in pursuit of Jack-
son. They shortly after overtook his rear, with
which they had a slight skirmish, and followed
close upon the retreating force until their advanea
was checked, on the 3d, by the barning of th"
THOHOOQHFABU GAP. A PASS IN THE MOUNTAINS ON THH MANABSA8 GAP BAII.ROAD, NEAR STKAJiBUllU, VA.
12 f!
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
' 'I
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
337
OOLOHEL MLBUfl'fl I1AT1
I TnE REAR-GUARD OF TUB CONFEDERATE ARilY AT THE CIR036IKG 00
TOE SHENANDOAH RIVER. JUNE Bu, 1880.
328
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
,*"*4 ifS&K-rKgtB* it
i
I
I
II
"III
ill;
I i № i
1 ? * j
j ^ s -3
sill
If 11
rlli
Is ll
fall
2 a | 1
■2 ~ i:
3 | i
sll
1*1
H
i )sW^i
THE SOLDIER I.V OUR CJl'IL WAR.
339
band fought desperately to get out,
lint to no purpose, and lie was
5 Dolly made a rrisoner, vitb over
sixty of hie man, As Hie latter
were being driven ahead, tney were
met by General Bayard and Colonel
Gustavo Pan! Clui-eret, whe had fol-
lowed close upon Wyndham with
The Confederates were fleroely en
gn?ed ; and, although reinforced by
General Stewart" 9 brigade, were, after
a ebarp fight of several nenrs, com-
pelled to full back into a neighboring
pine forest, with the loss of a portion
of their camp equipage.
Toward evening. General Bayard
ordered Colonel Kane, of the Penn-
sylvania Bncktail Rifles, numbering
about 125 men. to explore the forest,
and, if possibls, didodgo the enemy.
They entered a dense pine thicket on
the left, but had not proceeded far
when they found themselves almost
completely surrounded by Confed-
erates, which Afterward proved to bo
detachments iioni four regiments of
cavalry, with a strong support of
artillery. The Bucktails flinched
only temporarily in faeo of the al-
most overwhelming force suddenly
opposed to them. Fire wa3 opened
upon the Con federates, who promptly
returned it, wounding Colonel Kane,
and rapidly thinning out the group
of Federals opposing them. Snch as
remained of the Bucktails succeeded,
however, in fighting their way out in
the darkness, afler a loss of Q killed
and 4G wounded and missing, the
latter including Colonel Kane, who
had been made :i prisoner. General
Ashby lost his lifo in this engage-
ment, while gallantly directing the
movements of bis fine body of cavalry.
Before Jackson's forces could cross
the north fork of the Shenandoah,
Fremont was close upon them again,
and on Sunday, the 7th of June, he
tan.** nttackc(1 Hw brigades
nndcr Generals Stewart,
Elzoy and Trimble, which formed the
rear uf Jackson's army, and which
were admirably posted upon a ridge
commanding the road close by the
Cross- Keys Church.
These wero opposed by tbo Federals
nndcr Generals Stab], Schcnck and
Ifilroy, who moved steadily np the
slope, under a heavy firo of shot and
shell, and gradually pressed back the
Confederates until late in the after-
noon, when, in view of their heavy
loss, of nearly 700 in killed and
wonnned, the Federals wero ordered
" retire to their original position-
Jackson bad, in the meantime,
occupied Port Republic, just as
Shields's advance guard, led by Gen-
eral Carroll, reached its outskirts.
There bad been some skirmishing
between the two forces, but nothing
of moment occurred until the morn-
ing of the flth, when Ewell, having
Deen ordered to Jackson's assistance,
attacked the Federal right, then
commanded by General E. B. Tyler,
Ihe onslaught was borne bravely by
;he little Federal force of only 3,001?
men opposed to more than twice that
number, and the Confederates were
finally driven into tbo woods.
Reinforcements wore sent to the
Confederates, who then made a com-
bined front and flank movement, and
with well-served artillery depleted tho
Federal ranks to such an extent that
Tyler was obliged to retreat, with the
loss of all but one of bin guns, which
were abandoned in cofu5equenc*i of
'he horses being killed.
General Carroll's cavalry protected
F
BATTLE ON THE KOAD FROM HAERISONBURG TO POET BBTOBUO BETWEEN THE FORCES OF GEXEB,
FBOll 4 31
BATTLE OF CROSS ILEYS, SUNDAY, JUNE 8tc, 1S0S - 0EN1
'
BATTLE ON TUB'- ROAD FROM HARRISONBORQ TO PORT REl'UULIU
BETWEEN THE FORCES OF GENERAL pEMONT AND TEE CONFEDERATES UNDER GENERALS JACKSON AND EWELL, MAT "" TO JONE ■
BATTLE OF UfiOSS KEYS, SUNDAY, JUNE 8th. ISO!!.- CENTRE AND
FRONT OF THE FEDEliAL AiiMY IN THE ENGAGEMENT
33*
THE SO/.D/ER IN OUR C/IVL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
333
the retreat during the pursuit which was afterward
instituted against it for a distance of nearly five
miles. As soon ns Tyloc lnul crOBsad the river tlic
bridge was sot afire, and shortly after Fremont's
force ciinie upon the scone, whither
it had been drown by the Eound of
battle.
The Federals lost nt the battlo of
Port Hepublic 322 in killed, wounded
and missing. Their army reached
Harrisonburg on the evening of tho
Oth. Fremont thouce going to Mount
Harrison and Shields to New Market.
Jackson encamped at Wcyer'a Cave,
where he remained until the l?th,
when ho was culled to assist Lee in
the defense of Richmond, whilst a
week Inter tlio forces under Banks,
Fremont and McDowell were con-
solidated into Ji body designated tho x<
Army of Virginia, and given in com- g
maud of General John I'ope.
broke out. and lie volunteered his service-*. Incoming a lieu-
tenant in Lha First New Verk (Lincoln) Cavalry, com-
manded uy Colonel Andrew T. Melt -ynolds On Ssiurdny,
tlie Sib of March, 1862, Cum panics A nnd H ot tho Lincoln
Cavalry had been ordorud lo proceed to Burk's Station, and
JAMES SHIKi.lis
Bom
D itlC
Uuunly o( Tyrone. Ireland, December 12lll,
1PI0. hdiI emigrated to tlie United Stales
about 1620; Studied law. nurt wns nd.
milled l" procure nt Knskaskin, III., M
Hie early ngo of Iwenlj-two. lie afterward
gave I j i ~ addition lo |ic>lilii*", il nil was elm-ted
lo the Stole Legislature iu 1880, and mmie
State Auditor three years later. In 191? lie
became Judge of Ihc Supreme Conn, and
in 1815 was Hppoinlcd Commissioner n( Hie
United Stales Laud Office. He Fcrrcd iu
i lie Mexican War, and was severely wounded
bulb at llio battles of Cerni Gordo nod Cha-
nullepec, iu which lie so gallantly con.
dueled liiniself. thai lie wasgivio Ibe com-
missions of brigadier, general and of btcvtt
major-general. Hi- served under General
Taylor ou t lie ltio Grande, mid uuder Gen-
eral Wool Dt Cli ill ri a liUB- He alttrward re-
signed from the army, and was appointed, by
tlie President. Governor of Oregon Territory
iu 1848, and settled in California, after serv-
ing as United Slate: Scnalor ftnni Illinois, 1849-55, and from
Minnesota. 185S-60. He again tendered Ids services upon
I he breaking out of tin- Civil War, was made a brigadier-
general of volunteers on August lOlli, 1901, look a leading
part in tin- bullies of Winchester nod o( Port Republic, and
resigned from Ilia service in 1B63. Ho llico selllcil in Wis-
consin, but Booo removed lo Carrol I Idd, Mo., where he prac-
liecd law und wrved 05 ii railroad commissioner. In 1874 lie
"ns elected in ilit Mi^nori I,' ^i-l iinre. ivhich elected bim in
1870 to serve out the unexpired lime of the deceased U. S.
Senator Hogg. He died at Otiumwa, Iowa, June HI, 1370.
HARRY 15. HIDDEN.
Bobs in New York Cily iu 1880. He bad just returned
from a Irip Iu Europe und enlered business, when the war
tho first lo fnll from his horse, linving received a ball in the
left shoulder, which passed through his neck, killiug him
instantly.
The command then devolved upon Corporal Engeno
Lewis, who continued the flglii, both on horseback nnd
afoot, until the euemy bad been dispersed,
wben ibe detachment relumed wilb eleven
prisoners. General Kearney, who had wit-
nessed Ibe charge from an eminence, warmly
complimented Lowis and bis men, and took
down (heir names for public commendation.
Lloulonnnt lliddou's remains were taken lo
New York City, and buried from ibe Pour-
leeoth Street Presbyterian Church, escorted
by several companies of Ibe New York
Twenty second Regiment mid one company
of the New York Sevenly-arst Regiment,
with n troop of horse as a guard of honor,
nnd Caphiiii Ailums, Lieutenant Leavitt and
u few of Ibe Lincoln Cuvalr
JOHN It. KENLY.
Born ni Baltimore, Md., 1820 ; nfler
pleting his eduenlion be devoted his lir
lln- study oi law, and achieved great pi
Hal 111
He
' Regiment
JOHN R. KENLY.
guard a portion of Ibe railroad nnd n bridge then being
repaired. They were sialioued lucre at Ibe lime General
Kearney and his brieade advanced, lln: following morning.
As several Confederate scouts had been (ecu In the neighbor-
hood. Kearney ordered Lieutenant Hiddeo lo proceed with n
detachment of fourteen men nf the Lincoln Cavalry lo n cer
tain [mini of the road lurnuj'ti "hid. be intended advancing,
and io feel and report Ibe enemy's position They hood came
UpOD one of the Coult'derntc riuppriris, (■■■rihi^l in^ or about
100 itifaiilry, who formed quickly, and commenced firing
into Ibcni. The temptation for a charge on the purl of Ihc
cavalry now became irresistible Quickly Lieiiiennul Hidden
'old oil his men. nnd plneiue him-clf at their head, dashed
upon Ibe Confederals :it full .-|ieeil. clu-i-riiiy nnd ^houlitig to
the men "a be advanced. Many of ihc Con fedcniles fled, bui
others Itiughl derpei.ilely, nnd Lieutenant lliddeii was one of
throughout ibe Mexican Warm
Maryland regiment, nnd distinguished him.
self in -everid ..( tlie most prominent i-o-
gogemenisof thai eventful campaign. At
its termination bo resumed the practice of
law in bis native State, until ibe breaking
oul of the Civil War led bim once more to
lender his services lo the United Slates Gov-
ernment, llecnlend the arm v. receiving ibe
commission of colonel i>( ll
or Maryland Yolu Hirer In
ho much attention to ilie oritouizstion of bin
il soon obtained a name for
nd lo none other in the dc-
was appointed by General
inks pruvosl-m oralis 1 of tho City of Bnl-
timorc, June 27th, 1881, in place or Colonel
George P. Kane, who wns confined iu Fort
Mclleury on " rlinrge of treason.
August 3M, 1863, Colonel Kenly was np-
poinled brigadier-general, by President Lin-
coln, for gallant conduct at the bailie of
Frout Royal, and also appointed major-
general of volunteers, March 18th, 1805, for
gallant am) meritorious services during the
wnr. Aficr the war he resumed Ibe practice of bis pro-
fession io his native City, where ho is now (1884| residing.
BATTLE OF JAMES ISLAND, S. C.
Tin: Federal army stationed at Port Royal, S. 0,
being unoccupied by any demonstration of the Con-
federate troops, General LT. W. Ben hum, in com-
mand of tlio Federal land forces, determined, early
in Juno, 1862, to dttsli across James Island, and
there surprise Colonel J. G. Lamar, who com-
manded about 8,000 Confederate soldiers stationed
at Fort Johnson so as to check any Federal ad-
vances on the City of Charleston. General Hunter,
COMMISSARY
Nl> KITCHEN, ON THE MARCH.
REPULSE OF THE CONFEDERATE TROOPS ON JAMES ISLAND, S. 0., IN T
Khok a Ski
to r-on, n. ;'.!.<. of the Department of the Sontb, wne
■ mi- ii li'-i . and fully agreed to the plan. The troops
wore transported from Port Royal, up the Stono
River, under protection of the Federal gunboats.
and wore formal in two camps, on the ahorea of
Jauittt lelana. about two mileB apart, and reapeot-
ively commanded by nonerals Stevens and Wright, the Federal troops captured a battory of four gnns, drhi
The Confederate forco undor Colonel Lamar hold thu Confederates from their position,
possession of a powerful earthwork aliout two miles On the 10th, a rcconnoissanco in forco waa mado
from the Federal camps. The first collision took tho Federals, in order to advaneo their picket linos a
place June 4th, when the Federals were surprised capture an earthwork at Secessionvillo, which was provi
and twenty mou captured. Later on the same day, troublesome, us ahella were easily thrown into their can
BATTLK OF SECESSIONTOUA JAAL¥& U&AttD, & C- BAYONET-CHARGE OF THE FEDERAL
Faou a Bseti
REPULSE OK TUB OOOTEDKRATB TROOPS ON JAMES ISLAM, S. 0., IN Tini ATTEMPT TO OAPTUIU! TUB PICKETS OF GENERAL WRIOHTO DIVISION
In nonimuriii "I (bo I )w part intuit of tho flonth, tma
conwiHiMl, nnil fnllj BgttMd to Iho phn, Tho troops
Wuro tmn spurted fnun Port lloynl, lip tbo SU>nn
liivor, iiiiilir proloaUon of tho Kodcnil [piiitfoiitri,
nnil worn fiirinril in two Pniri|iti, on (hg nhores of
Jnuiu lulnii'i. ibout two milca apart, and roopuot-
ffwl on Inn Omfi-d
BATTLE OF SKCTIPSIONTILUS. JASliS LWxAMB, 8. C._ BAYONET- OHABGE OK THE PEDEHAL TB JPB, UNDEB OESEKAL STEVENS, UP0> THE OOWFEDBRATB BATTERIES, JUNE 18th. WW.
336
THE SOLDIER IN OUR Cfr/L WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
(8th Ordered General Ste-
vens, with abont 4,000 men,
to make the attack before
daybreak, while General
Wright an*] Colonel "Wil-
liams, with 8,000 men,
were to come Dp to the left^
to protect and finpport.
By some minnnderetand
ing the movement was de-
layed, and tbo troops made
a rush npon the fort in
brood daylight, and were
mot by grape and canister,
which scattered the assault-
ing party anil drovo off ull
the regiments except (bo
Eighth Michigan and Seven-
ty-ninth New York, who
succeeded in reaching the
front, and, mounting tlie
parapet, drove the gunners
from tlieirguniint the point
of tho bayonet Here Lieu-
tenant-colonel Morrison, of
the (Highlanders), particu-
larly distinguished himself
by leading his men inside
tho, fort; but, failing of
support, was obliged to fall
back. An officer of Ins
regiment, speaking of his
prowess on this occasion,
says, "It carried mo back to tho day
Agin court."
Meanwhile Colonel "Williams, who had
beon ordered to reinforce General Stevens,
lost his way in the woods, and his men were
exposed to a severe cross-fire, in which they
lost Bovorely. The Third New Ifniniwliiru
and Tlnrd Rhode Island Regiments drove
tbo Confederates ut the point of the bayunot,
and thus saved the entire force from capture.
Tbo guns of tho Tower fort were silenced
by these bold assaults, and a prompt
forcemeat of a few hundred mon would
have captured the earthworks.
Before the assaulting party could reor-
ganize, the earthworks were reinforced by
two regiments of infantry from Fort Jack-
son. Thai fort also began shelling the be-
eicgtr.*, who could not ho aided by tho gun-
boats, owing to their too great distance from
the field; and the Federals had finally to
retire, after having sustained a loss of over
700 killed and wounded, as against but ouo-
tliijii that number lost on tho side of the
Confederates, It was wisely concluded to
withdraw, as it was afterward shown it
would have required a much larger force to
HEROIC CONDUCT OF LIEUTENANT-COLONEL MORRISON, SEVENTY - NINTH NEW YORK.
(HIGHLANDERS), ON _1'UE PARAPET OF THE TOWER BATTEBV, JAMES ISLAND.
Of
ssfully .
armed garrison thon
at tho fort, protected
as it was by heavy
abatis behinu a ditcb
filled with seven
feet of water, and
a parapet fully
sovon feot in height,
For a time all fur-
ther attempts to
move upon Charles
-,on wero abandoned.
H. W. BENHAJIL
BoitS" InConnerlicut;
intorcd the Uuited
Stii I id Military Ara-
ileit-y nt West Point,
Jury 1st, 1S" mid
gnuhiu1i.il, first iu his
class, exactly four year*
tutor. Entered tl
Mid lieu-
t la the Corps oE
Engineers, and was
promoted to bo a Orw
lieutenant oa the 7tb
.if July, 18S9. Prom
ie39tol&H, he served
ns supo rial ending en-
gineer of tho repnlra of
Fort Mnrion nod of the
"u-wall at St- Ausor
the Lirge and well
3i*. fla. In t*" and 18M ha
was engaged on tho repalra at
the defeated of Anna-olis Hi^
lor, and in 11M5 tcurned io
the "ork on tho tea-wall at
Pi. Augustine, where ho re-
mained till 1B". During ■
part o( IS45. however, he was
engaged on rrpain u Fort
JHluin. Ph., and nl Fori
UcHenty, Md.. rm.i i In ring pan*
of IStfl and 1847 tie worked on
Ibe repairs of Forts Madiaon and
Washington, Md. In 1W7 nad
and 1!*IS ho fought in ilio war
with Mexico, Ho wits cngngrd
in tbc Initio of BtH'oa Vista,
February SSd und S8d, 18-10.
ami nn February 2a! ",*. br,-
voted captain fur snUanl one1
merilorlooi na-vlcea in thpl
buttle. In ISMS anil llMO he
Wns en gaged ns usdslont CD
gioeet iu tho repairs of tho do.
forum of the barbor of Now
York, und oti Mny 2-llh, 18-IS.
was promoted to iltu rank of
captain in tho Engineer Corp*.
From 10-lil lu 1853 lie in 1.0 iu
so no riti I eu ding engineer of tho
' ■ ' ■■' "( ■■■. ill fur
Hie protection of Great Brcw-
ilec Island, Beaton Harbor. In
18.12 iio tm[H-riuii'iidoi1 llm build-
lag of tho Iltilfiilo Lighthouse,
nud in ptirt of tbo sumo year
nod piu- of 1853, a upcrtn tended
tho construction of tbo Nuvy
Yard of Washington.
In 1853 Cnp in I a Ilenliiiin was assLslunt In charge
of tho United Btalca Coast Survey Offleo nt Wwh.
'ngion. und was In Europe on duly coaaccted ihoro-
*1th fro-n March 20th to November 1st. Hu Was
pro mo led to tho rank of major In tho Ninth In-
fantry, March 3d, 1SSS, but declined In IMA ana'
1S57 ho win superintending engineer of tbo building
of Forts Wtolhrop und Independence, Brwion Har-
bor. In 1858 bo supc/iuliiidcd llio survey of the
site for a fort nt Clark's Pobt, New Bedford, and
tiir, repairi of Fort Adams, Newport, It. I., In 1857
and 1858. Ho bud charge of the baUdit.;; of tho
fort nt Sandy Hook, N. J., from 1853 to 1801, and
of I he Potomac Aqueduct in 1300. Ho was n
of tlie n|H-eint liuiiril of engineers for mollify-
ing Hi" Sandy Hook roil la 1800, nnd was engineer
nf tin' Quarantine Commissioner,) of thb port In
JS30 and 1800.
Iio served throughout [ho Civil Wnr, and as u
mwr.Xr of tbo stall of Brigadier -general T. A.
Morris, was prison! nt Laurel lliil, July Olb In
111b. 1R01. Ho una breveted colonel fur gallant
Conduct nt the battle, nf Cnrrlok's Ford, Vu., July
llith, 1S01, and was in command of ibe cngnged
troops on Hint day. On August Olb, 1801, lie
became nmajor in the Carps of Engineers, nnd va
August 13lh was made a Lrigadlcr-genend in Uiu
Voluutcora. He commun.tid his brigade at New
Creek, August 10th, 1801, and wan cngagod In tin
Cornifcjt Ferry, September 10th, and ih
pursuit of the Confederntc forces from Cotton Hill
to Itnleigh County, Vn" November ISth to 16th,
voly engaged us super-
intend
■ngincer of
rated him from
the Art
of tho
SHABPSHOOTERS KhuM 1HL t'
Flan i SEinaj 3
a. UlllVINU. UX A BATONET-CUiKOE, TH>
; jA^Kd IurJJnj, JUNE larn, 1S63
nuied becoming vacant
by thodcath*of Brign-
dicr-gc n era 1 Wood bury.
00 tbo 3d of 3Inrch,
1 afla, on the conaolida-
33*
THE SOLDIER iff OUR CIVIL IV A R.
i
THU SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL IV Ah.
Wrps et Iho Ri'tpHnr Army of IhL- (Toiled Stalf, Major
fro bum vim promoted to the rank of lieatcnant-colotaJ
of Engineers, which position he fiiit"rqacntly held in tho
Bcgular Armr-
mm April LtBb to Mny 0(h, 1863, he vim engngW tn
inTerfnl*3iiJlni( tlio Ihrowlnjr of ponton-bridgra neroai Iho
ftnr.^nhminock for Iho piuwige and retreat of the unny nt
ChnnccHonivllIe. Daring thb lime be was mode lieutenant-
rolonel of tlii! Corps of EDfrlnceni. Hewn* engaged In traSd-
Inp ponion" hi Fniiiklln'i Creating In the fn.-e of (he enemy.
June Stb, 1868 ; on Ho Potomac, nt Edwards's Ferry, Jnno
2lM : wn* In command of Iho ponton depot nt Washington
from July, 1863, lo May, 160-1 ; nnd was in eommnnd of Hip
Engineer Brigade from June;, 186-1, lo June I/ilh, IMS, being
cnjmged In superintending tlio laying of a ponton-bridge
B.200 feet long acrnag the James River nt Fort Powhatan,
Jane IDUl, 1B6L no constructed nnd iommnml.il the de-
fenses lit Clly Poln., 7a., In r>.-M"r, luftl, nnd on March
1.1th, iBflfi, was bnwstao1 briaaiHoiNgonorfl] for gallant ser-
vices In the campaign i.rmln.tiri_-"iili Ihu surrender of Lcc.
On Iho sama doll fa m promote lo tho rank of major,
irenunil Of lbs United Slates Army, Flo was mustered out
of Iho Volunteer lerrieo on January 15lh, IHflfl,
On March 7lli, 1KU7. he was made a colonel in tho Corps
of Engineers, and wm engaged on works nt Plymouth,
Snlcin, Mnrhleimid, Gl.iurcHler, anil Boston. Prom Oelolier
aath, 1809, till July 80th, IK77. he was cngagm! on works on
I-ontr Island Dead, Subsequent to 1H77, lie was for several
year* In chary., of some of iho defenses of New York
Harbor. In October, l"77. bo became a member of llic
l-orinl for Iho cuimln ill .n ..f BngluMTg for promotion. Ho
rellnd Irooi oclKe nrvfeo In ISO, nnd died in New York
Clly on Iho 1st of Jon.-, I-W) 0CM rd Renlnim was iho in.
vintor of n melliod of liiyinir ponl- abridges by ibliulUnecuu
luys, und of a picket- shovel for Infantry on lioslija marches.
THE FIRST RATTLES BEFORE RICHMOND.
Whilk tho opposing armies stood confronting
ouo ariolhoi along llio Chickulmmiiiy River, there
occurred a number of skirmishes, but nono that
proved of moment exeopt when reconnoissnnces
woro ordered on tho 23d nnd 24th of Stay, 1862.
On tlio first date, McOlellan ordered tho troops
tn proceed nbont threo miles up tlio stream to ascer-
tain whether tlio right wing could cross in safety.
An tho Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, which was in
tho advance, came near Ellison's Still, they saw the
now bridge, which had just been constructed, and
which Bomo Confederate pickets attempted to burn
on their appioaoh, This was prevented, however,
by u hold dash made by tho Pen nsyl van inns, who
took possession of tho bridge, and crossed it with
Wheeler's. Titball's and Robinson's butteries.
The Federals pushed their rcconnoissanco up p,
hill on the other side, without meeting any oppo-
sition, until thoy reached its summit, when they
woro fired upon with artillery by Confederates
hidden in the wood. Tho Federal batteries re-
sponded promptly, and an exchange of artillery lire
continued for some time without apparent advov.-
lago on either sido, until (ho Confederates made
*u attempt to nut flunk tho Federals. In this they
woro defeated, however, und the Federals encamped
ou tho field for tho night.
Tho Confederates renewed the uttempt on tho
following morning, when thoy opened upon tho
Federals from n four-gun battery. Davidson's bri-
gado of Franklin's corps, supported by Wheeler's
puns, wont forward, and opened upon their assail-
ants, whoso lino was soon broken, especially when a
bnyonot-chargo was ordored. Tho Confederates
abandoned their ground, and woro pursued a short
distance, when tho Federals wero ordered to fall
back to their former position.
On tho *,imo day. ("J-lth), n reconnoissance aflect-
iug tho loft wing of th* unny was made
in the direction of tho Seven Pines.
General Henry M. Nuglei: was placed in command
of tho troops selected for the purpose, and soon
anno upon a body of C< ifcdcmto infantry and
cavalry, supported by two batteries of eight guns,
which opened firo on tho advance. The engage-
ment that followed was a lively one, and gave tho
Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry an opportunity to
engage tho Confederate horse, which they succeeded
in routing completely. Tho infantry, likewise, did
tomo aotivo work, but the largest share fell to tho
artillery, which was made to occupy many different
positions during the two hours' fight that followed,
and which finally secured a Federal victory.
The Confederates were, compelled to retire far
into \ dense forest, where they remained concealed
(or ;t while, and thence retreated toward Ricnmond-
Tlicy were pursued unav^ilitudv several miles in the
direction of the railroad, where it was learned that
339
34№
TUB SOLJJIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
34'
a large Cunfsrjerato
force wm stationed,
after which the Fed-
eral* returned to their
,M"""i
ROAD
" itiru.uosa
F-arly on the mora-
inft of the 27th, &a
Fifth Corps, anJer Fits
John Porter, was or-
dered to Hanover Court
House, with the view
of clearing tb™ country
in that direction of
fJonfedorato troops,
'.hits to aid tho rapid
advance of HoDowefl,
with -10,000 troops, then
at Fredericksburg, and
ordered to join General
McOiftllun und to form
on his right
On Porter was also
i'ii joined the duty of
destroying the railroad
nriilges across the l'a-
uittiikey and other
HiretimH - occasionally
attempted by ccvulrj-
nndor Qonoral Stono-
mun - for the purpose*
of pro renting a rapid
reinforcement nf Rich-
mond by Juokmiu, then in Northern Ylr^nia. tor's connected) was mndo during Porter's expo-
Tlio sudden und rnpid ndvnuco of Jnekson npon dition, und Porter waa ordered to destroy, oa fur ua
Iluuka in the Valley of Virginia, admirably practicable, all h ridges over the streams along the
planned for the purpose of alarming the Adminis- wagon and rail roads between Richmond and Fred-
trotion for 'ho wifely of Washington, caused tho orickshurg. This was largely accomplished,
ommtcrmn-.u'iug of tho order to McDowell, tho Guncral William II. Emory waa in tho advance,
Bcmliiig him on a futile pursuit of Jackeon, and tho with two regiments of regular cavalry and Bonson's
destruction of MeClellan'a plans, based on tho hope liorso battery, and these were closely followed by
of this reinforcement, deemed by him bo essential Ihe brigades of Generals Daniel Butterfiold, John
to maintain bis then position along the C'hicka- II. Martiudale, and Colonel McQuode, who had
hominy, and for a successful attack on Richmond, with thorn Herdau's Sharpshooters and Captain
The recall of McDowell (whose pickote and Per- GrilUn'a three butteries.
■
\rB5$NY miajajai. and ml la
/"2£^^^0
PLAN OF TEE BATTLE OF IIANOVER COOF.T №OU=F, V,V, MAY 57th,
They pr-iooedeL
thronn- a hoary rain-
storm, aJonft tho New
Bridge Mood, and over
llio Hanover Tnrnpiko
and encountered the
Confederate pickote el
McKinsoy'8 Croei
Roads, six miles from
Hanover Court [louse.
Tho pickets fell back,
und at noon Emory waa
brought to a halt with-
in two miles of tho
last-named place by n
lino of Confederates
drawn up across tho
road.
Active skirmishing,
in which Berdau's
Sharpshooters took a
leading part, began,
and was continued
ontil General Butter-
field could bring np
his Twelfth and Seven-
teenth New York,
Sixteenth Michigan,
eud Eighty-third Penn-
sylvania Itegimonts.
Thon a chargo was
ordered, and tho Con-
federates wore driven back, after u contest of over
an hour's duration, during the pursuit following
which the Seventeenth New York captured one of
the Confederate guns. General Martiudale bad
como up ir, tho meantime, and pushed ou to
Pcako's Station, a point on tho Virginia Central
Railway, then held by a Confederate forco, which
ho had soon driven toward Ashland.
Upon turning in the direction of tho Court
House, Martindale was attacked by fresh troops.
These fell npon him in such grcnl manners that his
centre waa finally broken, und Uia Hanks were buing
J
A I P
GALLANT CHARGE OF THE SIXTH UNITED STATES REGULAR CAVALRY UPON THE CONFEDERATE CAVALRY CNUER GENERAL J Z. B. STUART
MAY (Hir, 1862.
P"oa • st'" ?• e. b. Hill.
hATTLE OF WHITE OAK SWAMP, MONDAY, JDmE 30th, 18E2 - AYERS'S, MOTT
feATTLE OF WHITE OAK SWAMP, MONDAY, JDWE 30tu, 1683- AYEES'S, MOTT'S AND RANDALL"1 BATTERIES CHECKING THE PUBSOIT OP THX f!ON KEPE i1aTK&
344
TUB SOLDlr.R IN OUR CIVJL WAR.
BEOHOITiyq m PHILADEI.PFTTA FOR THE PAMOPB BITOKTAJT, REGIMENT.
THE SOLD/ER IN OUR CIVIL U'/IR.
345
,r^, :r'"'- .■-
I M+H-f-
STiTE
.MAIL itr
IT, PROTECTED UY A
GUNHOAT, I',\
5SIN
THE COSt
ON ITS IV A
' TO
FORTH ESS
FBOM
SKITT
■> ni-J.lI.Sciua.
ATTEI1Y OFF FOIir I'OHTIATAN, .TAJIKS HIVEIi
urionsly threatened by Confederates issuing from
both aides of i lit- woods, just oa Porter sent Captain
Griffin's battery and tlio Tlurtccntli aud Fourteenth
Now York Regiments In his assistance. Martin-
ilalu had maintained his ground ti^ninst supe-
rior mi in bora Cur nearly an hour. At the Bnmo
time, General Butterfiold was sent with his Six-
teenth Michigan ami Eighty-third Pennsylvania
llegimonta In tlio support of the Ninth Massu-
uhnsotts ninl the Sixty-second Pennsylvania Regi-
ments on tlie Confederate left. A general engage-
ment followed, and continued until ovening, when
tlio Confederates under General Lawrence O'B.
Branch look to the woods, and left their camp in
tlie Federals, who captured, besides
ms, oiio 12-pound howitzer, two rnil-
way trains, and 730 prisoners. Tlio Federals had
during the day lost in all 03 killed and 32G
wounded and missing.
On the 28th and 20th of May, Federal recon-
noissaucos woro continued in all directions. Cap-
tain William P. Chambliss, at Hie head ot .
;M -
Fa,;-*
Mfi
BATTLE OF SLALVEKN HILL, NEAE TURKEY BEND, JAMES RIVER. VA . FOUGHT W SDAV, JULY 1st, 186S-FMAL REPULSE OF THE CONFEDERAIKS. 5 O'CLOCK P. M.
MS
r/IE SOLDJLR IiV "UK ClilL WAR
THE SOLDIER rtf OUR r/r/f. WAR.
349
FORT RUILT TO PROTECT THE OFFICERS QUARTERS OF THE FIRST MTNNPS0T.1 HBGHMBST, COLODEL SOLLY, NEAR FAIR OAKS.
lnd guarded tho tumpiko with the Nine'y-siYth
Now York and tho Eighty-fifth, the Ono Hundred
and First unci tho Or.o Hundred and Third Penn-
sylvania Regiments, led by Colonels J. Fairrann,
T. IS. H. Howell, S. H. Wilson, and M. H. Lohmun.
Palmer's brigade was just in advance of General
Conch's division, belonging also to Koycs'a corps,
which Intter stood at tho Seven Pines, with its
oxtremo right at Fair Oaks Station, and Hointral-
miin'a oorpa ivoa likowiso stationed --n tho left,
covering tlio approaches to tho Whito Onk Swamp.
Johnston decided to hei'vily tittack Koycs'a corps
in its advanced position before reinforcements could
reach it, nnd for that purpose ho sent out. on Sa-
turday, (ho 31st of May, tho entire divisions of Gon-
erala James Longstrcot, Benjamin linger, D. H.
Hill, and G. IV. Smith. Thoy wore to move at
daybreak, but .in unusually heavy rainstorm having
aot in during tho night, Longstreot was not in
position until about eight o'clock, llo was not,
however, willing to endanger tho possible success
of a combined attack before Huger could join him,
,.nd for that reason ho moved down tho Williams-
burg Road, only at n little after twelve o'clock in
•ho afternoon, with Hill's division in the advance.
Goneral Keyea had ordered lua troop* under
arms ao cloven o'clock, having become satiation1 that
an attack was contemplated, aa ono of Joans-ion's
aide had been captured near tho Federal lines, and
the cara wero beard running in and out o£ Rich-
mond daring almost all of tho previous night.
Aa soon as tho Confederates wero seen advancing
along tho Williamsburg Road, Casey ordered for-
ward tlio Ono Hundred and Third Pennsylvania
Regiment to support tho pickets, nnd called for re-
inforcements, no then posted Spratt's and Regan's
batteries on tho right, with tho Eleventh Mnino,
the Ninety-second and Ono Hundredth Now York,
and tho Ono Hundredth and Fourth Pennsylvania
Regiments, who met tho Confederates when tho
latter had succeeded in forcing back tho pickets
and tho Pennsylvania forco sent to their assistance.
At three o'clock tho en^agurnerit beestmo goneral.
A furious onslaught was being made by General
Hill's forces upon tho Federal lotteries, which wore
well in tho front, and at ono time the guns wero in
serious danger. Nagleo's men mado a bayonet*
charge to rohevo tho pressure, and itrovo buck the
Confederates to tho woods ; but ho was mot there
by such a furious tire upon his flunk, that ho bod to
retire to Fair Oaka Farm with tho loss of one of his
guns. Ho was followed hero hy u forco fully three
tiroes greater than bis own, but ho nevertheless
maintained his ground until almost completely sur-
rounded by tho fresh Confederate treop3, which
wore continually arriving, when ho was ordered to
retire in front of Couch's division.
Tho reinforcomonts which tho Federals had asked
from Hointzohnan, early in Ibo action, not having
by this timo come up, Keyes ordered forward to
Casey's assistance tho Seventh .Massachusetts, tho
Fifty-fifth and Sixty-second Now York, and tho
Twenty-third, Sixty-first, and Niuolj'-third Penn-
sylvania Regiments. All of these wore, howovcr,
forced buck, by tho superior numbers against them,
to tho position occupied at Fair Oaks Station by
General John 'Joehrnno's First United Statca Chas-
seurs and tho Thirty-first Pennsylvania Regiment.
Hero the earthworks, which had beon constructed
by tho Federals, afforded relief to the hitter, and
from thorn thoy woro for a whilo onabled to hold
tho Confederates at bay.
The Confederate batteries were, however, bo well
served and ao strongly supported, that tho struggle
proved useless, and the Federals had once more to
MISJ>Kli.iTK SBJBAI1
C-MsALLS S1A1IO-V, VA,, Bel .1 cc.\ -> .,,..
STOAETS CONFEDERATE CAVALRY, J(":
llUBt A SUTcn 11T WjL WiEft
BABBI30MVi LANDIXG, JAMES JUVEE, VA., TILE MEW OOMMISSABIAT DEPOT AND BAoE OF
FT****^ ill
=w-
'BWiijSiSSKz Oil -1'ilai (ViEIfi liuUoji, V
UA]IHISUJT-- LAND1N0, JAlILd UlVElt, VA., THE JiEW COMMIE
EFTJllA* MoOLELLAN, OCCUPIED BY THE FEDERAL AHAIY, TUESDAY, JULY tar, 1883.
BUttftliiU Ui" I'Uji Xlillii. iiUUoii, VA.-
I iiV HoCUaLLAM, AJJAMJUNLSU i'HtUi POSITION ON Tiliii r'douJ^iillY illVEJi- DEl*AJii:iiivE Ui THE Ji'Ei/EJiAL. fLiiril.l.A VOK THE JAALES liiVEit-
35*
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
F QBNBRAL llllTTIIKVI i:[.1l, NEAR HARBIBt
FEDERAL P1UKET-U0AT, NEAR FERNANDINA, FLA., ATTACKED BY CON' FED BR ATE SHARPSHOOTERS STATIONED IN THE TBBBB ON THE BANK&
FKDliK.-lL TltuOi'3 MAUCiUNU T&ROUUU THE tTMCPTfi otf KHBJNA-NDiMA. 7LA
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
353
Tho extreme advance lino was given the brigade
of General William II. French, who had also with
him ono of General O. 0. Howard's regiments, tho
remainder of Howard's brigade forming a second
line, and General Thomas F. Meagher's brigado
completing a third. Tho Confed orator, under Gen-
erals George E. Pickott and Roger A. Pryor, with
eomo of ITugcr's troops, fell upon French's brigade,
and were met by a brisk fire, especially from Cap-
tain Hazards 10-ponuders ; but this did not deter
them, nnd they were moving forward, when Howard
went to French's assistance, in which ho was nftor-
wjird aided by Meagber and a |nirt or Hooker's force.
Tlio Confederates, who hud been reinforced by
Mahoue's troops, fought desperately, nnd subjected
the Federals to a very scvoro fire, in which Goooral
Howard lost two horses, ami whs seriously wounded
in tho urm.
Part of tho Excelsior Brigade, under General
Daniel E. Sickles, was sent to Richardson's assist-
ance, and with this reinforcement on tho riglit, tho
Federals assumed the offensive, and soou compelled
tho Confederates to fall kick. At about tho samu
time Hooker camo up froin the left, and moved
rapidly upon the Confodenite rear, following up
tho advance with a bayonet-charge along tho wliolo
line, which ended tho battle, as tho Confederates
wore immediately after in retreat toward Rioh-
mond. They had failed in their attempt, and, be-
sides temporarily losing the valuable services of
their ablest general, had lost altogether 4,233 moo,
03 against 5,739 lost on the side of tho Federals.
The Confederate wounded included Generals
G. W. Smith and Pottigrew, those on tlio Fcdoral
side being Goiiorals Nuglco, Howard, Dovuns and
I. ALIFUltMA JOE, THE CELEUKATKD SHAKHSHUOTEIi OF BEHDAN'S KEUlStENT.
iLbnridon their position ami retreat toward the
Ohickahouiiny Itiver.
Anotlicr lino vvus hurriedly formed by Qonorii
Couch, and by the time General Kearney bad come
up, leading Kerry's and Jumuson's brigades, Loug-
Btreet's force had reached the front, and was press-
ing its way against the Federal left and centre,
where the fijbl was renewed and continued for over
an hour. LongBtreol's division was closely followed
by that of General li. W. Smith, which fell upon shell, t!int lio had to bo t"k<
the Federals at Fair Oaks Station, whore a fierce the command of the left was for tli
the ('hickahoininy by tho lowe
vailed of the upper one, which
Hciutzolman had given orders to pursue tho
retreating Confederates; but Kearney bud dis-
suaded him from carrying out his plans, iu tho
anticipation that MeClcllan would soon order a
gonoral advance. Hooker had afterward pushed
a rcconnoissance up to within four miles of Rich-
mond, but without achieving any important results,
iddy condition of the country not permitting
conflict raged until five o'clock. Then Kearney General G W. Smith,
was forced hack toward the White Oak Swamp, and On Sunday, the 1st of Jnuo, tho conflict was
tho Confederates established themselves between _ renewed at seven o'clock by tho Con-
Couch and Hointzolmnn, threatening to engulf tlio "" federates, who fell upon Richardson's
entire Federal advance. division, occupying the centre. Tho latter was
Just then, however. General Sumner, who had assailed successively at different points; but Hoi nt-
been able to
bridge. It I
Sedgwick had already used, and had lost no timo artillery to folic
in reaching tho battle ground, too Into, howover, Nor did anything of moment occur in the imnic-
to he of any good. It was then posted on Scdg- diato vicinity until the 13th of Juno, when, with
wick's left. detachments of the First, Fourth and Ninth Vir-
Previons to tho final repulse of tho Confederates, giniu Cavalry, tho squadron of the Jeff. Davis
their commander. General Joseph E. Johnston, had Legion, and four pieces of horse artillery, tho'Con-
beeu so severely wounded by tho fragments of a federate General James E. H. Stuart commenced a
i the fiold, and raid which covorcd most of the territory around tho
nonce taken by Army of the Potomac,
meanwhile completed two bridges across
heavily swollen river, and hurried forward at th
sound of battle, appeared with Sedgwick's troops i
tho advance- Assuming the com-
mand, he formed a line along tlio
edge ..f a wood near Fair Oaks
Stati and awaiting tho Confed-
erates, ho hurled u\ on them tho
coneont rated tire of all his guns,
following it with an advance along
the whole line, lie soon recovered
almost all the ground Conuli had '-.
lost, and was still forging ahead,
when a large Confederate force ap ^^
1 1 en rod at the front, and began a
fierce attack with the view .,[
capturing tho batteries Sumner lind
posted there.
The Federal line wavered, but
for a few moments only. Summ >r
quickly brought ap the Seventh
Michigan, the Fifteenth and
Twentieth Mnssaolin setts, and the
Thirty-Fourth and Eighty-second
Now York Regiments, and or-
dered a bayonet charge, which was
so admirably executed, that the
Con fed orates nvru broken up and
forced back into tho woods. At
eight o'clock all firing ceased.
Richardson's brigade came up in
tho evening, part of it only having
adman, who had been giveu chief command, had so
well disposed the artillery, that tho Confederates
were everywhoro repulsed.
During tho progress of this daring expedition,
Stuart oncountercd and successfully engaged two
squadrons of the Fifth United States Cavalry at
Hanover Old Church ; burned fourteen wagons and
two schooners, loaded with forage, at Garlick's
Landing, on the Parnnnkey River ; and captured 1G5
prisoners, as well as SCO horses and mules, which ho
brought into Richmond. All this was effected with
the loss of only one man on the Confederate side.
EXPLOSION OF A CONFEDERATE MAGAZINE NEAR FRF.nERIfKSBURG, VA.. CAUSED BY A TORPEDO.
HAY BWH, 1863.
COMMISSAIUAT DEPOT OF TILE UNITED STA'
Fiioa a
VALLEY OF THE CUICKALIUJIINY, LOOKING SOUTHEAST FROJI MECIIANICSVILLE, SCENE
FBoa *
COMMISSARIAT DEPOT OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK, AT MANASSAS, VA
Fnoa .1 Seeko 1 1 Eoww Forbes
VALLEY OF THE CHICKAilUMlNY, LOOKING SOUTHEAST FROM MECUANICSVILLE, SCENE Of
tHU SIX BATTLES BETWEEN McCLELLAN AND LEE, JACKSON, MAGRUDEIi, LONOSTREET, ETC
356
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
PKB8II>ENT LINCOLN. WITH GENEUAL JIoOLEIitAN, REVIEWING Tilt; TBOOP8 AT HABBISOM 3 LANDING, JULY 8rn. 1BU1
,miM
Mm
*w
v833'
s^j
SOLDIEItS IN CAMF VISITING THE SUTLER'S STOKE,
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
357
On the 25th of .fane, "Stonewnll" Jackson pulsed, and at nine o'clock in
brought from tho Shenandoah Valley into Ashland tlic evening what has been
hia arm J of about 35,000 mon ; and on thi $amc day culled the battle of Meebanics-
afcClotlan ordered Gonornl llcintzel man's corps to ville, or Bearer Dam, came to
proceed , with part o( KcycH's arid Sumner's troops, an end. The Confederates' loss
on a rceonnniBaaiiee along the Williamsburg Bond, in killed anil wounded, was near
They encountered the enemy at Oak Grove, or 4,000 ; that of the Federals, 52.
King'- School house ; and after a desultory fight, in Genera! Fitz John Porter, who
which there worn many casualties on both sides, but was in chief command of the
mainly in Booker's and Kearney's ranks, they Federals, was present during the
returned to their former position. entire engagement, giving bis
The approach of Jack BOO, and an intended attention to nil ports of the
attack by General Lee upon Porter' troops north field, while olcCall and Morell
■if tin? Oliickahominy, were known to Porter who specially managed their respect-
niiiile, as early a" tllO 84 til, the necessary prcparn- ive division 9-
linns to receive him warmly by placing, intrenched After the battle, McClellan
utid concealed on the high ground jnst east of learned that Jackson had passed
Heaver Dam Creek, Ileynold's ami Seymour's bri-
gades, of McCall's Pennsylvania Reserves, of the
Fifth Corp*, with itrn pie artillery, under the immedi-
ate command of General Reynolds, and withdrc
from Meelinnicsville nil bat a few pickets and sii
iris, who were In give warning of Lee's approach,
I'd to retire at onto behind Reynolds at Beaver White Houi
Beaver Dam
that Lee, who was in chief com-
mand, and directing the oper
at ion a of the Confederates since
intended to cut off tie
Federals from their base at the
Dam. He also arranged with Go
Morel) to promptly move their
arals Met 'nil and bent to be
s to specified with hie
i' of Reynolds on the
He concluded
pand to retieat
pplies toward the
James lliver, depending on thy
day'a contest.
Colonel Ruins Ingalls, the
assistant <]uurtci muster-general,
waa ordered to move the stout
and ammunition to Savage's Sta-
positions to the right and
first sound of battle,
tin Thursday, the 20th, the Confederates began
June, IMS. "" advflnt!0 UB"i|1Bt the Federal lines.
The attack, which was to have taken
place early in the morning, did not occur until
three o'eloek, when General Ambrose 1'. Hill lion, where ho alto sent all the
crossed the Oliickahominy, at Meadow Bridge, just wounded, and, by daylight of
above Mcuhanicsville. Meeting but little oppo- tho 27th, the troops, and nearly
Bit ion from the few forces retiring from Mechanics- all of tho heavy guns and wag-
villo. Hill pushed on to Reaver Dam Creek, even ons, had crossed the New Bridge,
io descending into the valley with large forces, un- and wore just east of Gaines's
suspicious that some 5,000 men and batteries were Mills, between Nuw Cool Arbor
on tho heights overlooking the creek, anxiously (or Cold Ihnbor) and the Chioka-
wailing his coming within easy range of musketry hominy River. There tho Fifth Corps awaited
to givo him a warm welcome. Suddenly, when atlack.
much exposed to the Federal fire, infantry and The Federals were drawn up in a semicircular
artillery opened upon his closed and unprepared lino, covering the approach to tho bri Iges by wh eh
ranks, mowing the troops town by hundreds. The the troops were to cross the Cliickahominy. Tho
Confederates, however, pushed on to the crock, extreme loft was occupied by Sloroll's division,
over which very few effected a crossing, and from which stood in advance of McCall's troops, while
which those who woro able rpiiekly retired in eon- on the right, along a deep ravine, stood Sykes's
fusion. division of Regulars and Duryeo's Zouaves. Robert-
Tho Confederates then directed their attention son's battory was stationed on Morcll's left, Gritlin's
to tiie right and left of the line, but they were battery on his right, and Tid ball's battery, not far
mot by as warm a reception by Griffin's brigade from Seymour's brigade, in the rear,
of Morcll'a division, posted on the right, nnd somo The detachments of the First and Fifth Regular
of McCall's, on tho left. They were badly re- and of tho Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Gen-
eral Philip St. GoorgcCroske, were
stntionod on tho low lands of the
valley of the Cliickahominy, a little
ahead of Alexander's Bridge.
At about two o'clock in the
afternoon, tho Confederate ad-
vance, under Ambrose P. Hill,
opened upon Sykes's division with
heavy artillery, but in a little out 4"0, which proved
to be but half that .sustained by tho
Federals.
Not long after the termination of
the battle of Sawige's Station, tho
Fodera-3 continued on their retreat,
and by eight o'clock on the morning
of the 30th they hud crossed White
Oak Swamp and Cieek,
j™, wa. [Jter dea,r0yjng trj0
bridge over tho latter and warding
off tho repeated attacks to which
they were subjected throughout the
night,
Jackson, who had, on tho pieviou!
day. been delayed by tho necessary
rebuilding of tho Grapevine Bridge,
reached Savage's Station early on the
30th, and thero found a large amount
of property which the Federals had
bad un time to destroy, as woll as
Cully 2,500 Federal sick and wounded,
which they had likewise been unable
to remove
Jackson had orders to pursue the
Federals, which he did, in company
with tho forces of Longstreot and
A. P. II'll, following directly in their
track, while a second column, under
Generals Magruder and Huger, pro-
ceeded to tho right, along tho
Charles City Road, for the purpose
of falling npon tho flank of the re-
treating army.
After crossing Whito Oak Greek,
tho Federals had quickly formed a
new line of battle, at Willis Church, Genera1 Han-
cock's forces being or. tho extromo right, while
Portort occupied tho left, and H cm tzot man's and
Sumner's tho intervening space. Jackson's ad-
vanco wus checked by the destruction of tho bridge,
and when he reached tho creek, at about noon, ho
found tho approaches well defended by urtillory,
under the supervision of Captain Romeyn B.
Ayres-
Jackson opened upon Hancock's troops, and
made repeated efforts to rebuild the bridge- under
cover of hia heavy ar-
tillery ; but ho was every
time repulsed. At length
ho mado a bold effort to
cross tho stream, but in
this ho failed likewise, for
the brisk tiro directed upon
him, notably by Smith's
infantry and the Federal
batteries, almost totally
prevented tho crossing, as
well as any perm anon t
landing on the opposite
side.
While this was going
on, Longstreot and A. P.
Hill had come upon a
Federal force posted some
two miles away, at a place
variously called Frozier's,
I "-1 Gtcndale's or Nelson's
Farm. Here stood Sumner
aud Hooker on tho cx-
1 trcme right, McCall some-
what in advance toward
tho centre, and Kearney
on the extreme left. When
H , Longstreot (who was ac-
companied by President
Davis and General Leo)
fonnd this force arrayed
% aguinst him, he waited for
reinforcements to como
up, and it was close upon
four o'clock when he com-
menced the attack.
McCall's left was first
assailed by Kemper's bri-
gade, which was met by
the Pennsylvania Reserves
under Colonel S. G. Sim-
mons, who, after a hitter
conflict, drove the Con-
WTLL1A1I B FRANKLIN.
federates into the woods, with a loss of some 2G0
killed and wounded, and about 2Mte Oak Swamp, tho Federal loss
was about 1,800 killed and wounded, whilst that of
tho Confederates was somewhat over 2,000. Col
onel Simmona and Goceral Meado were botL
severely wounded, while General G. A. McCall was
made a p:isonor, and retained es such until ex-
changed the following August.
During tho ensuing night, tho ?ederals moved
on to Malvern Hill, where they formed in battle
order upon tho crest of an elevated plateau, admi-
rably located to resist the attack which could not
but follow on the part of the Confederates. &ykes"s
and Moroll's troops occupied the extreme left',
next came Conch's division, then the forces of
Kearney, Hooker, Sedgwick, Hich"dfloa, Smith,
Slocum and Casey, in the order named. Tha
whole formed almost a semicircle, and bolfc
flanks, resting npon the James River, were pro-
tected by the gunboats- There were eight siege
BATTLE OF SAVAGE'S STATION.- GEiVERAL SMITH'S DIVISION, OF FRANKLIN'S COI
Fnoii \ Kki
BATTLE OF SLAUGHTER'S MOUNTAIN, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9m, 1862. -FEDERAL ARMY
Faou A SKEI
BATTLE OF SAVAGE'S STATION.- GENERAL SMITH'S DIVISION, OF FRANKLIN'S CORPS, BJiGA3ING THE CONFEDERATE FORCES UNDER EWELL, AT NOON, JUNE 3STI1, IS0".
BATTLE OF SLAUGHTER'S MOUN'
TALV, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9™, X802.-FEDERAL ARMY COMMANDED BY GEhERAL BANKS, CONFEDERATES UNDER JACKSON, EWELL AND WINDER
i'noil 4 Sketch ev Elh m Poshes.
3H
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAK.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
365
("ii j.', 0 r^i; ion npon the plateau, and the reet of
the artillery was bo prated along the hill that ft
concentrated fire of some sixty cannon conld be
directed either in the immediate front or npoi)
the left.
At nine o'clock on the morning of July 1st the
Confederates had formed a lino of
battle id Couch's immediate front
Tho divisions of ATagrmk-raml linger occupied the
extreme right, while those of Jackson, D. II. Dill,
and Whiting, as well as part of E well's, extended
toward the right. The remainder of Ewell's divi-
sion, and the divisions of LoUgstreet and A. P.
Hill, were held in reserve.
After Borne desultory firing, Leo concluded that
(ho Fedoral position could br corned only by ag-
jault. He therefore ordered a simultaneous attack
to take plat* nlonjj tho whole lino as soon as tho
concentrated fire from his artillery had succeeded
in silencing most, if not all, of the Federal bat-
teries. When this was done, part of lingers divi-
sion was to advance with a shout, which was to bo
the Bignul for a general movement ''to drive tho
invaders into tho James."
The artillery was in position, and began its fire
at about threo o'clock, and at a littlo after six tho
divisions of Conch and Porter were assailed by
ij. II. llilPs forces, who had misinterpreted u load
shout for tho intended signal. The Federals were
bitterly assailed, and tho Confederates held their
,-round welt, hut not having any support, thoy were
soon driven back in confusion near tho woods.
Thence, brigade after brigade wai made to charge
upon tiio Federal batteries, Mag-ruder and linger
advancing boldly upon the Fedoral loft, whilo
Barksdi-iO, Anderson, Mahono and Wright were
making .1 simultaneous attack toward its right and
contro.
Tho dash displayed by tho assailants was heroic,
but it availed little in face of tho artillery and in
fantry (ire, that was studiously reserved until tho
Confederates wore within a short distance of tho
crest, and then poured destructively into them. A
bayonet-chargo would thon generally follow, and
tho Confederates would fall back to renew *he
attaok elsowhoro and with fresh troons, until linally
all were repulsed.
Alter a short interval tho Confederates re-formed
thoii lino in the neighboring forest, and renewed
tho nsnatilt more fiercely than over. Thoy nd van eed
boldly, and, apparently undismayed by tho scathing
(iro, both of artillery and infantry, to which thoy
were exposed, charged with increased vipor, and in
successive lines, upon tho main Federal batteries.
But, despite their determined energy, thoy wore
checked and repulsed with terriblo slaughter, and
nromptly pursued by tbo brigades of Meagher
nmrrra king.
and Sickles, which had opportunely arrived from
Sumner and HeinUelmnn on Porter's call for help,
and wero at once led by him into aotiou,
Tho gunboats had, besides, in the meantime,
opened firo from tho James River, and wero send-
ing into tho woodr from their heavy p/ms most
destructive volleys of shot and shell, which soon
told so heavily upon tho Confederates that thoy
had to take shelter tome distance beyond.
At a little after nine o'clock all tiring ceased,
and with it ended tho scries of Six ( though im-
properly callod Seven ) Days" Buttles which closed
the Peninsula campaign in Virginia. In these
various engagements, tho official reports show tho
losses ia killed, wounded and missing on both
aidos to have been as follows :
Fdorals- Porter, 4,216 ; HaCall, 3,02* ( MoCail
was part of Porter's Fifth Corps) ; Franklin,
2,737 ; Sumner, 2,1 11 ; Iieinteelman, 2,073 ; Koves,
777; cavalry, etc., U9- Total, 15.249.
Gmfidaratet- Magradcr and linger, 4,585;
Longstrcot, 4,429 ; A. P. Hill, 3,970; D. H. Hill,
3,954; Jackson, 2.2S2; Cavalry, etc, 150- Total,
19,370.
Immediately after the battle of Ualrem Hill,
MeClellan issued orders to full back npon Harri-
son's Lauding, a few miles below, on the James
River, where all that remained of tho Army of tho
Potomac was encamped on tho evening of July 3d.
On the following day Ooneral McCIollan issued
an address to the soldiers, in which ho recounted
their exploits of tho preceding week.*
Tho Confederate army remained in tho neighbor-
hood of Malvern Hill, and instituted a series of
uavulry pursuits against th retreating Fedorals,
until the fire from the gunboats rendered further
effective operations impracticable. Leo then or-
dered lm troops withdrawn, and tho Army of
Hbrthero Virginia reached the defenses of Rich-
mond on tbo 8th of July.
GBOnOE STONEMAN.
Buns nt Bust!, N. Y.. August 8th, 1823; entered tho
Unlied States Military Academy at West Point in 18-19, nod
npon graduating '.Lit. ■from, enle:_d the First Dragoons,
Willi whicli regiment lie win stationed at Fort Leavenworth,
and went lo New Mexico. From 1847 to 1855 ho remained
oo the Pacific Coast, being promoted in the last named year
to a captaincy in llie Second Ilcgulor Cavalry. lie was (lien
tent to Texas, and nt the timo of tho com men cement of tho
Civil War troubles, hud charge of Fort Brown, which ho
refused lo surrender to General Twiggs, and subsequently
evacuated only when an opportunity offered to hike his com-
mand to New Tort In May, 1801, ho was promoted major
of tho First Cavalry, and served on tho staff of General
* Hmn^DinTFiMapTni: AjinTorniit Poroiuo,
Camp near Harrison'* Liinilln#, July lib.
la of Ibo
nn,| cml
.llhoulbopocin:
r baao of one rati.
~l liiunnlousnf 11
cud mldlcr. JMluckwl bysu.
fofecnwnt, you have- succeeded In chantrinji
by n flank moven:;nt, always regarded iu Ih
torrtipcdluntfl. You have- suved ymir mad rial, nil your Irain and all
ciilorn from tho enemy. Upon your mnnli ynu Imvo been onaltcddij
■ ILIlfully ioa.-v?d and liJ. Under rvi'ry dl*ndvan(ai;o of number*, nnd
youi foes with cnorui'itH slnu:.-liti-r. Your conduct mnki you anion*
tho celebrated urtnled "f hl/lnry ?.*n no. will ri"iy>i'.Lr"tli>ri Hint ru.li
of you may idwavs w-ltb prldu ray, "I belong (o Ibo Army of Ibu
rind unlmpalral In spirit Tho enemy may at any time attack yon.
Wo am prepared to meet them. I Juiva personal])' cnlntilliili'<<) your
lines. Let them come, and m will convert Ihclr icpul" into o Anal
defeat Tour Government I" "Irt m.tli. nlni: y.-n "lid ibo reaoutcniot
a ortnl peoplo. On (hi- our nation 'n Mrtlnluy we ■!■ elom to oar foes,
who aro robe Is mmbist ibi> l-M 1 n r- r.-.ti nf inanl'lnd, that tola nnuy
shall enter tbn cBnlml of Uic mwnlli-I Confederacy, Ihnt onrnaUonal
Constitution fhall pi. vnll-, and Uint OiuUril.ui, which eon alone Insuro
Internal peace and citcm-d security to each Elate, " mu.it and shall
, Tjtutiit nur/la Uma, Ircamru asd blood.
ClEOEun B. UdClbuul
QAPTaLS KN^PPtJ BaTTEBT EMJAtiLNli THE CU.NFE DEBATES AT THE BATTLM ub UfcLiAH iIOUNTaIH. AOUUST Wri
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
to at U" Wth - BavajHl tumicm b. Ikmifl of the BUUi- Wbiui u:il( annmj
a Battle Mi -lalv !:"- JlnlvT.TT) iiilL ?'. KamiDd Lett ptaok ct tts Ann? after the BotUf*.
ri. II- Tty> PeOerul Umboiu wcro Station* between Cartirt Seofc and Turkuy Band.
HAP OB THP 8TBATEOI0AL HOTBMHHTB OP OEXERAL M'OLELLAiff'B AR11T BEFORE BI0fc"OIITfc
8H0WINO THB PLAGISWHEBfl THB SIX BATTLES WE KB FuUGHX,
P&OM TBS SflTH OB JVXB 10 TUB 1ST lit JLLl, I8ti&
COMPANY A. OF THE F'n-ST SOUTB CAROLINA FEDERAL VOLUNTEERS (COLORED), TAKING THE OATH OK ALLEGIANCE
BEFORE GENERAL SaXTON AT BEAUFORT. 8. O
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIV1I.
367
jleClollan until thn for' ,-rlr , A QffD.it, whei tic wna morlfc t
brifrodier-generul, nnd placed nt the bead of tho Cavalry ol
Hie Army of the Potomac, which he organized, and with
which hedistirjcjuinhed blnkwlf during Hit' Virginia f'enin-
fiU campaign.
After tho battle of • 'liontiliy, he tuuk the pla f mnd>
Jimcnl"l General Ktauiy nt the bear] of the FTrrt Division
Of i-|Mirtrncnt of the
Ohio. Ilo afterward hil several lirilliunt raids, nod was
placed In eommnni, of different depart men l.i, until mustered
out of wrt" at (he end of .Inly. 1800. lie 11-iw retired from
active service early in August. 1871, after having received
the commission of colonel of the Twenty-Ant Rcgulur
Infantry, nnd the. brevets nf iirigudier-gcncral and of major-
general for gallon* conduct.
DANIEL E. SICKLES.
Uottf 1 New York City on the 20th of October, 189! j
entered 0 University of New York, and, ii|hjq leaving il,
Studied Inw, anil wu admitted to the Hot in 1SM& Four yearn
Inter 1"! wns elected lo l!ie New York Sinto Legislature, and
in Ititll wan made 'orporalmri Attorney of hi* native city.
From Ilia hitter putt of 1803 until the year 1B35, he acted as
S.-r.lnry of I.. ._':ii j. .il [,. .Tiinn-1 liinlimniri, wh.n Minister to
England, becoming a Slate Senator upon his return to
Now York. This wm followed in 18-18 by his election to a
feat in Ilia United Stales Mouse of He prose ninlivcs, which
latter ho wns called upon to occupy from 1800 to 18)12,
At the breaking out of the Civil War, hu raised what wns
called the Excelsior Brigade, and was soon appointed colonel
nf tho Seventieth New York. TIlis was soon followed by
promotions to 11 brigndier-gcncralship hi September, 1601,
und to a major-generalship in November, 1803. Ho served
throughout the Pi niusulu Campaign, nnd in April, 1803, won
given coinmand of the Third Corps, greatly distinguishing
himself ootulily at the buttle of Chancel lorsvillc, und in
ihe "-i-rind day's flglil nt Gettysburg, where he lost n leg
whi!) gallantly lending his men. Between 18110 nod 1807 be
commanded lite military district comprising North and South
Cnrolina, having in the meantime Im-i-fi appointed colonel of
tho Forty -second liegiinent of Regular Tnfiititry, and re-
reived ihe brevets of brigadier-genera! and of major-genera]
bi the United Stales Array lor gallantry. Ilo retired In
18011 from active sen-lie with the rank of major -gen end, and
In the some year was appointed United Stales Minister to the
ijurt of flpulii, which position he resigned live years Infer.
DAHliJb SABH COUCH,
burnt b Pntrmm County. N. T IlltJ 3*1,
1823; entered Ihe I'ottul Stall* Military
A.eaduny at Wt* I'uinl fiuia which ha
gTBftrmte* fa 1S10; served tlimrrgh tho
Mexican War, and wns commissioned a
OTOTd tint lieutenant for distinguished
services at the battle of BucnaYisla; look
part in the Florida War, nnd wns on fron-
tier duty from 1818 to 1855, when he re-
signed from Ihe nnny to follow mercantile
pursuits. ITc tendered bis services to tho
Unit.fi Slides Government nt the time of
the breaking out of the Civil War ; Wns
mode colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts
Volunteers, and served in the defenses of
"Washington, as well as throughout the Fo
nln-iila. Maryland anil R:i[i[. ilianre.ik mm-
palirns. He Was mnde a major-general of
Volunteers on the 4th of July. 1802. From
1863 to 1WI be was in command of the
Department ef tin; Snsqiu 1 mi, and aller-
watd ileurcl in a griiit m my enga^et^euLs
twtb in Tennessee and in North Carolina.
lie resigned from (be service on the 00lh of
May, 1803, soon n'^er accepting the nomina-
tion of the Democracy for Governor of
M;e.;.iehiiiitii. He wns not, however, i"i-"lcd
to the latter po?'.. hut become Collector of
the Port of Boston, 18B0- ". and lias, since
tho hitter year, been presi,. Jil of tho Virginia
Mining and Manufacturing Compiiny.
WILLIAM DUEL FRANKLIN.
Bons nt York, Pu., February 27th, 1833;
entered the United Slates Military Academy
at West Point in June, 1839, whence he
graduated four years later. Do was as-
signed to the Corps of Topographical En
ginccrs, nud look pnrt In the Mexican War
on the staffs of Geoerals Wool and Taylor,
being breveted flrM lieutenant for gallantry
nt tho battle of Buenn Vista. Do served ta
acting assistant professor of natural and
experimental philosophy nt tho West Point Military Aca-
demy from 18.(8 to 1832; tvinme prnfi--.-iir r>f engineering
and of natural nnd experimental philosophy nt the New
York Free Academy, ami was iLssigueil to lighthousu duty as
inspcclor and engin1.1T from l*'>:i lo In,"j7, b-.> oming eugiuc<;r-
secretarj- of the Ligbtliouse Board from 18-'j7 to 1850. He
was tlio engineer in chnrgo of the Capitol at Washington
from November. IftiO, to Marr-h, 1861, nnd from the hitler
dote unlil Ihe rnon'li of May following rcmnuied iu charge
of tho Bureau of Construclion and Repairs.
On the 1-lth of May, 1801, he was made colonel of tho
Twelfth United Stales Infantry, and. three days inter, tjo-
mottd to be c briyidlcr-geiienil of Volunteers. In July.
1861, lie commanded a liriiradc
nt tho battle of Bull Run, and
afterward had cliargo of n
division unlil March, 1803.
when he win ussigiiii] [u llie
rorps of General McDowell.
Bo look part in the PcUn-
pila Campaign, nut', organized
and commanded the Sixth
Corps, which served tiutalily
m the engagements at West
Point, Goldiug's Farm, and
White Oak Swamp. He was
appointed n major-general,
July 1th, 1811*2, nod (lgiind
more particularly in the
bottles of South Mountain
and Antii lain, fi.iiidil durkii:
-.-..(ii, r
Of
In
lUtBimsF. p. Hn.i.
vember, 1803. ho was
assigned lo Ihe command oi
the Left Grand Division of the
Army of the Potomac ; com-
manded Ihe left wing nt the
battle of Frcdcricks'jiirg ;
wns relieved from duty in
llie Army of the Potomac
January Both, 1803; assigned
to tho Department of "beGiilf
hi July. 1Sirt in the finul assault on llie
City or Mexico, losing no arm while in the net of til reel fee
his troops ocar the San Antonio Gate, He afterword tliil
scrvfa in California, and led on expedition against Ihi
Indians on the Columbia River. In 18.rfl he nsigned from
Ihe armv. and went to Fnropo, where he cr.nl inued hi" mill
tary siuilies. He once more entered the FreniJi army on *-C'
brcardng out of the Itolino War in 1839, and as " volunteer
aid to General Maurier took part in tho hnttsa of Mngenta
and Solfenoo. Upon the breaking outof thu Civil War ho
returned to the United States and tendered bu servfea fi
the Government, soon receiTing the commission of brigadier-
oeoun, of Volunteers. Dminirtiie Per.insu In campaign. h<
j6S
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
MAP OF POPE'S MTTJTARY OPERATIONS TN VIROTNTA. ATJOTJST ANT1 SEPTEMBER. 18(!2.
THE SOLDIF.R IN OUR C/V/L WAR.
3^9
nded the Third faftei nrd Finrt) Division, Third
Corp", of tie Army 01 tho Potomac, anr] greatly distin-
yii.died himself, especially at Torktown, Williamsburg, Fair
Oak*, Whil-s Oat Swamp. Glendale. and Malvern HID, beiog
In return promoted to a ma] or- generalship. He likcwiic took
a leading part Id the HCOnd tattle of Bull Run, as well na at
Pliantilly, and waa killed ot tho (art named place on the 1st
of Septemlier, IWS3. while reconnnllrinir in advance of his
tr""|H, and in the net of wheeling bit bona around to cheer
on hi* men Qo was buried with mlliiary honors nl Trinity
Churchyard. New York City, and his fellow- tow aim en after-
ward (TC-'ted a monument to bis memory in tho public
Bquart of Newark, N. J.
AMBROSE POWELL HILL.
Rous In Culpepper County, Va., In 1335; graduated at
tlie Military Academy at West Point, July It. 19-17, and
entered tliu army in brevet eeconrl lieutenant of rrlillery.
He look [inrt In several of the remaining en gage men In of the
Mexican Wor, after which be did sotno frontier duly, and
■erred In the war ntrninst thu Seminole Indians, having
in I In mnmtitiie I"- n lommk'iornd n Beeond mid first
Hi: uant. From IBM to 1800 In: did duty ul the
Coast Survey OJIlce In Wiudiiiigton, and was on
leave of iih- nee from October of the Inst named
year until Maxell, 1WII, when lie reigned hit com-
munion In Ilia army. Upon thu secession of his
nniivi- Slate, be ncoeptid the commi.vilon of colonel
or tho Thlrleenib Virginia Volunteers, and was.
lintloncd nt Harper's Ferry until ordered to join
ill. 1 .jif..li rite 1. niynl Hull Hun. Here he greatly
diallngi] iImiI himself, and was, in coircqueocc,
rondo 11 liriirntlii r-t'en. rid, s.Tvtng ns hoi h lit l<-v mil*
scnucnt bntllu of Williamsburg. He was nflcrv-ird
promoted to be 11 iinij.ir -.nend, and given a u-l-
vi.i..n. which be admirably managed during the
oorralioiiH Unit 1""k |il." ■■ mii the Virginia iVnin-ulii. _v
CAPTURE OF FOBT PILLOW AND OF
MEMPHIS.
Wmns a week after the capture of Island No. 10
Commodore Foote had completed preparations for
a fnrther advanco along tho Mississippi, having
the City of Memphis for its objective, \hovo the
latter place were two forts (Fort Pillow and Ran-
dolph), the more important of which, Fort Pillow,
must needa first bo reduced before progress could
be made.
On tho 14th of April. 1863, Foote had his mor-
tars in position ut Craighead Point, less than a milo
from Fort Pillow. Ho soon commenced upon tho
latter a bombardment which was continued almost
without intermission, in hope) that an early full in
tho much-swollen river would soon admit of tho
co-operation of Pope's land force, then stationed on
tho Arkansas shore. Pope's troopB, with tho ox-
■ Pu
of Harper's Ferry,
mid llyiinil prominently ill Lbe Initio* of Anlietiim,
Frcderk'ksburg, and Uhiiucellontville, Inking lbe
1 ml of Jackson's rorps upon the loner's
d'-ilh, innl In iiiL- 1 nfli-r mnde lieutenanl-grnenil.
lb .1 i'l.i> ■ -I irri.it .ibility Ihroiighmil the remainder
of llr: ( ivil c.inlliil, niiliibly "t Petersburg, where
bo met hh ihatli by a rilloshol, while engaged in
reconnoitring, ou lbe 3d of April, 18(15.
WILLIS ARNOLD anitMAN.
Bolts nt Flemiiigsliurt,', Kv., January 12th, 1HI0 ;
in lied law in llloonilngtou, lad ; member of the
Lcgislnluro for several yema; majot in Quo
il .I.II.I.1.1
.. MejkouWnr At llu.1.1 Yi-U be .. 0.10 ,...l..l
rifle bnttaliou, and wni rarcroi] wounded, lie
ih after ward mnde colonel of lbe Fourth Indiana
ilonti rrt, rlllil |);irtiiol:irl_V ili-1 infill. Iii 'i I hiln~i-l( nt
a battle of lliianiatla. Appointed Military and
vil Governor of Puebbi in lSla. Elected to the
niteii Stales House of Representatives, 184D-5a.
ilcred the Civil War as colonel of the First Minno-
la VohinieerH. For service at Hull Hun ho was
pointed brigadier- general of Volunteers iu Sop.
rnbor, 1801. PHinplI'V-d himself throughout
. I'-niii -ill , M ,-l.r.d out of service
ved until his death. May 2Utb, 1
MTCnAEL CORCORAN.
Bons lit Carrowkeel, County Sligo, Ircbind. Sep.
lemlier'JIst, IK27; nfler receiving a thorough English
ediiealbiii, be interi-d lbe Irish <_Viu"tribuliiry Estab-
lishment, where be remained Ihioo years, being afterward
stationed nt Creeslou-b, County Donegal. He rerigned iu
18-ifl, ami emigrated to the United Stales, settling iu New
York City. 1 [ in military career U'f,iiu with his enlistment as
private inConr-my 1. BUty-nlnth Regiment oIN.Y.S.M.,
than commwklsd by Captain John Judge. The regiment
great ly tlistini;iu-lii-l i1>. If in extending and maintaining pro-
tection to lbe Government buildings during the Quarantine
troubles in Now York Harbor. Corcoruu advanced rapidly
in rank until, on lbe 2."ilh of August, 1850, bevras made Col-
onel of the regiment. As fiuJi he catered the Civil War, and
iv i 1I1 Iii. r. L-ini'iiit t.hik .1 Ip-iidiiii: purl in I hi? lir-I bilile of
Hull Run, where he was taken prisoner while gallantly
direeling lbe movement* of his troops. He was kepi in col-
Hocnicul at ItiebiaiUKl, Vn., iind nt Charleston. S. LV, nearly
u year, when he was e.\ebauged. Upun his way home he was
ile object nf many attention* at Washington, Ballituon.' and
Philadelphia. II* left Philadelphia on ihe morning of tho
Sid of August, 1S62, in company of a delegation from tho
Common Council of New York Cfty, and, upon lib arrival
at the Battery, was welcomed by Mayor Opdyke nod a large
processiou of military iind firemen, by wanm he was ~?cortcd
i.. the St. Nicholas Hotel. At the elo=c of the duy's fes-
livilies he made a spcirli, in which tie deelarcd his intention
to raise a brigade, and once more t;ike the field forth* Union.
Be soon after organized and led to the field the Corcoran
Legion, and wa> made a brigadier-gin' -ml of Volunteers, to
date from the dny of bis capture, July 31ft, ISSt. He was
thrown from his hone, while riding with his staff, near
Sawyer's Station, Vn., on the 23d of December, 1803, and
so fatally injured that ho neTcr recovered consciousnsta,
and died the aama dm.
WILLIS ARNUI.il liliHMAN'.
coption of two rcginicnls, under Colonel Fitch,
were, however, withdrawn to Pittsburg Landing,
and Foote was loft to work alone. Thu bombard-
ment soon compelled tho retirement helow Fort
Pillow o£ a flotilla of eight gunboats and four
etcam-rams, with which Uollins bud threatened
tho Federal advance, and it was not until the 10th
o£ May that they were again brought forward for
an aggressive movement.
At that time, the command of the Federal opera-
tions bad just devolved upon Captain Charles
Davis, as Foote hud been compelled, by the aggra-
vation of the wound he hud received at Fort Donel-
Kon, to abandon all further active daty.
At a little after live o'clock on the morning of
tho 10th, tho largest of Hollins's vessels- the ram
Mcliea - swept around Craighead
1Lir'laS' Point, and attacked Acting-master
Uregory's mortar-bout, with whicb it had a fierce
encounter. Seeing thi*. the- two Feder.il gunboats,
Mound City and Cincinnati, hurried forward and
engaged tho ram, wbicli eoon turned upon the last-
Tiatncd, and, in face of terrible broadsides, repeat-
edly struck the gunboat with her sharp iron prow,
inflicting ugly wounds in her side. Before tbe
Mound City coulil effectively engage the McJiea,
another Confederate rani, the Van Dom, had enc-
mm-
bwtl No. II, of Fui'riignl's fleet, wbieh
sent a ball from a heavy Dahlgren
gun through her sides, and received
a terrible broadside in return. The
Arkansas held ber way nnd passed
the Louisville, which gave her full
benefit of broadside and bow gnns.
Having now gained a position from
which every shot told on tho fleet, she
used all her guns on transports and
gunboats indiscriminately, and re-
ceived in rotnru but slight injury,
v owing to her rapid movements and
impregnablo armor. Sho passed tho
Earlford, Iroquois and Richmond,
pursued by tho lionton, LoutsvUU
and Cincinnati. Tho Essex managed to send twu
100-pound steel shot fairly through her siUcs ; ono,
below the water-line, caused her to leak. Thu
Richmond also sent a lOO-pound Parrot t shot com-
pletely through ber. Tho ram Lancaster Afa. £
EXCITEMENT AT COVINGTON, KY., OS HEARING OF THE CAPTURE OF CYNTHIANA BY THE C
GATHERING OF ARMED CITIZENS.
JfSaM a Sketch si H. Loth.
mSM^mSSSS^S^
BEOEPTI0M UJ? UJiNBflAI. fflOSASL UUKUUliAN, BY TILE MAYOll AND CITIZENS OF NEW YORK OITY, AUG
M&VtAiXiii NAVAL COMitAl LiilUViiM* Lklh OOfl£*!"JiiiiA'i'Ji UWXULAH M>M -AliKAN6Ab" Aiu
- - tfu".
17b
THE SOLDIER I.\ OCR CIVIL WAR.
illll
-■■""'""■ V- :ff.
mu~
">-o3&-lUt£jB^Slut
"v * itaa^e?^?5a *Sr .. - ../flew?
luM'iiUi^ATi; FOIU
4P, BEING THE COMlLEiMJlullENT OB
I
- ~;-
s?*#k>^cA~ 1 '
'&jp%$Ђ8t$&im&"i:
%: ."££■
L'^**aaiS^^t^^^^^^
Slip* ^^^^i^isss?f'
SECOND BATTLE OF DULL RUN, FOUGHT SATURDAY. AUGUST 30m. 180!.- THE FEDERAL FOUCES COMMANDED BY QBNEHAI JOHN POPE, AND THE CONFEDERATE TROOPS BY GENERALS ROBERT E. J
Fnon * SKEita orErwui Foima._>■■ '■.-. and under cover of Commodore Wilkes's
i mboat flotilla, he soon built an admirable ponton-
bridge o.tten ding across the Ohiokabominy Kiver-
nearly a mile from its confluence with the James -
which enabled him to transport his entire force of
infantry, eavnlry and artillery, on the 16th, 16th,
17th and 18th of August, This was effected with.
out the loss of a single man, or of anything ex-
cepting twenty pontons, which wet* destroyed after
the army had passed.
On the 7th of August, Pope concentrated his
infantry between BpenyriHe and Cnl-
D0Iwr' popper Court House, and sent tho
cavalry in the direction of Goidonsville. He lost
Sketch of 2nd Manassas, August 29th 1862
tftwfinriue
h-vmil^TicAniHrtiiflftrWWrt tf'WAldna 9A,
SHOWING THE POdlTIOH OP THF TUOOPS, PltttPAltATOBY TO TUB SECOND BATTLE OF BOLL BITS, AOODST 80th, 1903.
Oeneral Popo, who had, on the 88th of Jnne, been
piueed at tho head of the Army of Virginia, was
ordered to summon to him Genoral Cos's force,
then in Western Virginia, and to cross tho Rappa-
hannock in order to threaten the Confederato lines
Of communication by way of Gordonsvillo, which
latter place was the real key to the southern en-
trances of tho Shenandoah Valley. He issued an
address to his army which promised a new system
tf operations. • MoClellan was at the same time
seeking to prevent tho Confederate army from ure-
lpitating their whole force upon Popo. by a suc-
cession of recounoinsaneii in force, which for ;i
time kept Leo's army anxiously on the defensive,
'.l of Iho Pnalilml o[ Uj"
"ir,i. ; In preparing yaa l'T
gsdee came up ft was found that the post was
abandoned. A pursuit was ordered and was con-
tinued until dark, when the Federal.-; were recalled,
and bivouacked for (he night on the field ft battle.
They had lost 17 In killed and wounded, and had
taken nearly l proceed from Sorth Caro-
ln bnl oo" tnitnnw hM this eoeajbem &bIo to pis™ "•" Wawrt
- ■ F- ■ to a dJi-cifre uu :■ '
I piorao that I bate bocn
It Is my pnrpaau to do to, am)
I am nro mo lone tor tho
an capable of nctoertn*. T
no time completing reeonnoisaances in all directions;
ono of the reconnoitring parties under General
Samuel W. Crawford being successful in driving
away a Confederate force stationed at Orange Court
House, which place the Federals immediately oc-
cupied.
Seeing this, Jackson and Ewell crossed the Eapi-
dan, near Burnett's Ford, on the following day,
and, in turn, forced back the Federal cavalry
that had been stationed there. Crawford was at
once sent forward, and on the morning of the 8th
Banks followed with his entire corps to aid Craw-
ford, who, by that time, had his force well deployed
near Cedar or Slaughter's Mountain.
The ■tnropwt nr^tfrn a hUct •honM dnfn to ocodp) * obo t= to iUrcii from Giiinavilie al tbe same I ■■■-■
uuhiUu..Uv -■ . j - - npon llaipiL- -:- -Iancri,.[j. und K'-nrni-v, wh.i is inliis rear, W
erullleurv Prince made u prisoner, the hitter being ton Junction. mnrch .mBrinoe-i daybreak. Bcupcdirions, and thedoj
held as -uel. until the following December. Pope must then cither cross the nver and fcccr0TO Jou,-. Pope.
Dnrin.' the two subsequent days, nofbint; of fiercely attack the Confederate Hank and rear, so Kfrnount Commanding.
Iminrt nice occurred on either side; but on the as to possibly compe. Jackson's return, or he must
SBJS ^dTonttbeavv reintoreenienrs having take Lis army to Warrenton Junction and protect ^^-j Buy
re icbed Tope's armv. Ja.'-kson withdrew from tie WashinSton, or finally retire to Fredeneksburg,
field across the Kwidan be;n" made aware that and be within reach of all bis suppbes. Majok-oe^Jial KeAiurer: At lie very earUest blush r.i
other' troops were rupidlj- couiins forward to He^ decided upon _a ^direct attacK^and his plan tenjiiuh fojw.,m^thy^u^".mmand with all sp"d_t-
Btreo£thoii tlio Federul forces.
he could count
artillerv lire at the commencement of the action, iiponoilly tbefoTceswbicbGeneralsPhilipKcai
On the Federal side, Generals Christopher C. and Hooker, of Hemtobnan's corps^ and Job,
Arnmr and John W. Geary were wounded, and Gen- Reynolds, of Porter s, had just brought to War
irLinDr tbo hitter lieiiiL' ton Junction.
tin; river
* about Wing put into execution, when -mother this nlwe. You cannoi bo more than three or four miles
3$4
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
distant. Jackson, A. P. Hill, ami Kwell are in front of us.
Hooker bin had a wit*.- debt wil h lliem lo-tlsy. McDowell
marches upon Manasta-i Junction fnim Gainesville to-mor-
row at daybreak ; Reno upon the Mine place ill ihe ume
hour. 1 wool you here ul dny-dawo. if possible, und we
shall bag the whole Crowd. Be prompt noil cxp dltious, ami
never mind wagon trains orroads till tbi- affair is over.
Lieutenant Brooks will deliver you Ibid communication.
He has one for General Reno unci fine for General McDowell.
Please buve these dispatches sent forward instantly by a
(rusty staff officer, who will be sure to deliver them without
fail,; and ranks him bring back a receipt to you before day-
light- LieuteiiBiit Brooks will remain with you nod bring
you 10 Ibis camp. Use the cavnlry I send you to escort your
stafl officer to McDowell nod Reno. Jons Pope,
Mojor-gtntr-il Comminuting.
BniftToE Station, August 37tb, 1802- Or.U,
To Ms.rrm-GKSF.ttAL Reko: Mnreb nt earliest dawn .jf
dny, with your whole command, on Mannssit* Juuctiou.
Jackson, Swell and A. P. Hill are between Gainesville and
that place, 11 nd if you are prompt and expeditions! wc sball
bag tie whole crowd. McDowell advances upon Manassas
to the northeast, as if advancing npon Washington.
This they did, and, when at Centreville, a sharp
turn to th:.- west brought the different divisions of
Jackson's corps once more together later in the
day.
Pope's orders could not be literally carried out.
Porter had a distance of ten miles to go, along a
heavily wooded road, intersected by a great number
of streams and marshy lands, und in many places
encumbered by some of the two or three thousand
wagons belonging to Pope's army. lie, neverthe-
less, so ably directed his already much fatigued
forco during the extremely dark and occasionally
rainy night which followed the reception of Pope's
order, that the distance was successfully covered in
seven hours ; anil at eight o'clock on the morning
of the 28th he reached Bristoo Station almost simul-
taneously with tho forco led by Genera] Kearney.
After holding an interview with Porter, General
Pope started for Manassas wit.1- Hooker's forco,
Taliaferro was severely wounded, and General
Ewell lost a leg.
Pope's advance reached Centreville in the after-
noon, and, believing that McDowell's corpa must
have intercepted Jackson's retreat, ordered n gen-
era I movement for the morning of the 29th.
King's division and McDowell were to main tain
their position on the Waircnton Fiko, at all cost;
Kearney was to push ahead from Centrevillo along
tho Warrenton Turnpike, in order to engage- .lack-
son's front ; and Porter was to advance toward
Centre ville, in tho vicinity of whioh Pope ex-
pected a battle.
Jackson, in the meantime, took position between
Smiley Springs and Groveton, there to await Long-
street's arrival. Ho was well posted under shelter
of thick woods, with ■' Jackson's Own," now in
charge "f General Starke, on tho right, supported
by tho main portion of his artillery, while General
A. P. Hill was on the left, and Gonontl Alexander
iVnSfflftfti
/"'- /p.ktt
t i
AJi
WOMEN OF MARYLAND ENTERTAINING THE FEDERAL RECRUITS WHILE EN ROUTE THROUGH BALTIMORE, MD.
Junction Trom Gainesville ut the same hour ; Kearney on
Bristoe. As yon value success, be off at the earliest blush of
dny. Acknowledge the receipt <>t this, ami do not atop 10
look Tor ronds ; and, if necessary, leave guards Willi your
trnins. Push across the country wlinlever artillery can be
hauled. 1 rely on your Spued. JoitS Pope,
ilajar-gtncriil Commanding,
The forces of McDowell- including his own,
Sigel's and Reynolds's - and Reno were thus to
move respectively from Gainesville and from Green-
wich to Manassas Junction, while Kearney and
Porter were to join Hooker at liristoo Station, in
order to aid in driving Jackson from Manassas.
Jackson had, however, realized in time the dan-
gers by which he was being surrounded, and he
hud, without unnecessary delay, availed of the only
alternative loft him. This was to endeavor t<> effect
a juuctiou with Longs treet. He could not do it
openly, and therefore resorted to a ruse, in order to
deceive, the Federals as to his real purpose.
"Jackson's Own" division, which, since Win-
der's death at Cedar Run, had been placed in
charge of General August Taliaferro, was ordered
at three o'clock on the morning of the 28th to
move directly north, while Ewell and Hill would go
leaving instruction for the divisions of Reno and
Kearney to follow promptly. They reached Man-
assas at about noon, in time for Kearney to engage
for a while the rear guard left by Jackson before it
fled in the direction of Sudley Springs Road.
Believing that the main portion of Jackson's
army had gone to Centreville, Pope began a pursuit
in that direction, and ordered McDowell to advance
upon Ceutrcville, and Porter to remain at Bristoe
till sent for.
Upon receiving Pop 's order, McDowell had, on
his own responsibility, rb't.iiled Rickctts to observe
Thoroughfare Gap, and had proceeded with the
rest of his force along the main road. His route
toward Ccntreville led him close by Jackson's right,
and toward sunset King's division accidentally
stumbled upon the Confederates close bv Groveton.
Then followed an engagement of nearly four
hours' duration, in which the Federal brigades of
John Gibbon and part of Abner Doubleday alone
took part. The artillery was brought into play so
effectively as to cause severe losses on both sides,
and tire did not cease until about nine o'clock in
the evening, when the Federals fell back some dis-
tance for the night. In this engagement General
R. Law ton, with E well's late division, occupied tho
centre.
Longstrcet. however, passed through tho Gap
much earlier than Popo had contemplated, and
after forcing back Rieketts, first to Gainesville and
then toward Bristoe Station, took up his position
on Jackson's extreme right. King felt compelled
during the night to abandon the Warrenton Turn-
pike, and he retreated toward Bristoe Station, thus
facilitating u junction of Longstrcet with Jackson.
As soon aa Pope learned of King's retreat, he
issued another order for Sigel and Reynolds to
march upon Groveton and attack Jackson at day-
light, while Heintzelman, Reno, Hooker and
Kearney would advance from Ccntreville toward
Gainesville. Porter was directed to march upon
Gainesville, taking with him King's division in
accordance with the following order :
HEADqUAIITERS Al'.MV OF VlROINI*.
Ccntreville, August 2Dib. 1803.
To M.uon-OE.VEHAi. Fitz Jons Porter : Push forward
with your corps and Kind's division, which you will lake
with you, upon Gainesville. I am folliwinjr the enemy
down the Warrenton Turnpike. Be expeditious, or we will
lose much. Jorct Pope,
Major-general CommamUag.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR LIV1L WAR.
385
When Porter received the last named order he
was two ami a half miles beyond Munasgas, en JVliU
for Con Irevi lie. lie immediately retraced his
■■■'■'[-, and ut about half-past nine o'clock in the
morning was again ut Manassas. There he was
joined hy McDowell, and from him lenroed all con-
coriiiiip the previous night's engagement, and of llio
proximity of Lon "street's army. Both com man dor.
felt aggrieved, among other thing'', at the conflict-
ing orders received- McDowell decided to hunt np
JlickotU, and join bis other forces near Groveton.
Porter, meanwhile, advanced Ilia troops, now joined
by King's division, in accordance with the orders
then in force.
To satisfy McDowell and Porter, each of whom
had, on bo known to the other, asked fur specific
instructions, the following joint order was issued
at 10.30 I'.si.:
UEAtHJUAUTEIlS A VISIT or VlROIMA,
CoDtrovllle, August 20ili, I8G3.
lii::,i:iiAI- McDowell ABO PnliTEIl : Yon Will please
mora forward wiili your Joint eon I m nodi toward Gaines-
vllle, I sent General Porter written orders to thai effect an
linur anil n half ago. fleinlzelman, Sigcl nnd Reno nrc mov-
ing on (he Wtirrrntnii Turnpike, nnd mint now tie not for
from Gainesville. I Jcslra that im soon as co mm u nicotian Is
1 tinlilinliL'i] between (Ms force and youi own ilic whole eom-
>il lliall holt, ll mny lie- necessary In full back behind
Hull Hun nl Centrevlllc to-night. I presume it will he an
011 account of our supplies. I have sent no orders '"'"' ^ll' to 'WiunnnlntOon xfth 0"m
Beynolds. Tbs enemy is massed la too ■■■■■ - ■ i . ta trout "
os, (rat can tw shelled out as soon as you enc^so their lank.
Keep heavy reservm, aad use your bntitrii-s, keeping well
closed to your rigut all the tima Id cu>e yon are obliged 10
tall bock, do so to J flur ri^tat and rear, so us to keep you ti
cIosd comniuni.-.iii'iii iviih (lie ri^ht wing.
Jons Pope,
Major -general Cbtnm/mding.
When Pope issued it, he was evidently still igno
rant of oven tho close proximity, much loss tho
actual prcseneo, of Longstrcot's corps. Tho carry-
ing out of tha order, as Pope Intended it, was of
coarse impossible. Porter's lino of march would
bring him in Longs t root 'a front, not on Jackson's
right flunk, nor could ho aonnect with Reynolds,
who was on tho other sido of tho hills, nciirly two
miles away. But tho order was received near dark,
too lato to execute. Though Porlor made prepara-
tions to attack, darkness put nn end to them.
At half-past eight o'clock Popo sent Porter
another order, requiring hint tn march his coininund
to tho field of battle, so as to reach the Inttor at
latest after daybreak tho following morning. In
accordance therewith, Porter joined Pope early on
the 30th with 7,000 of his mon, tho brigades of
Generals Piatt and Griffin having by
a misi n to rp rotation of orders marched
toward Centrevillo.
Thus, soon after daybreak of tho 30lh, Pope had
concentrated at Groveton all of his army, with the
exception of Porter's two brigades alluded to, and
of Banks's corps, then in charge of the railroad
and wagon-trains at Bristoa Station.
During the night General Loo had made prepara-
tions for attaokiug Popo. He bad drawn in Jack-
son's loft from tho ground upon which it lay
exposed tho day previous, and, by the morning of
the 30th, Jackson's entire lino was much con-
tracted from what it was tho previous day, while a
small part on the left was at right angles with
LongBtreet'a loft, which latter was hidden from
view by tho intervening woods and hills. Behind
a high knoll of land, which commanded nearly
all of Leo's front, ho had posted forty-oitrbt heavy
guns in such manner that ho could sweep tho
ground to tho right and left.
Pope thought tho Confederate army was retreat-
ing along the Warreulon Turnpike, and was eon-
firmed in this belief by tho report of a paroled
prisoner who had first entered Porter's lines, where
liia representations had, however, found discredit
on all sides. Ho, therefore, ordered McDowell to
pursue tho Confederates on their right along tho
turnpike, which ho did, with Porter's corps in tho
advance, closely followed by King and Reynolds in
the centre, while Rickotts, followed by Hointzel-
man, was to tako tho Hay market Road, thereby to
torn the enemy's left. Reynolds at first stood on
Porter's left, but, in pursuance of Pope's order,
moved to Porter's rear - thus leaving tho left un-
guarded against Longstreet.
As tho Federals under Porter advanced upon
Jackson, tho Confederates under Longstreet, mussed
at the edge of tho woods near Groveton, suddenly
opened a torritio and destructive fire of shot and
shell, enfilading Porter's ranks. At the same iTme.
Longstreet swung his right around, in order to out-
flank tho Federal left, now unprotected hy the with-
drawal of Reynolds. As soon as discovered, Schenck
and Milroy, of Sigel's corps, were sent to Bald Hill
to meet this attack, and Reynolds was immediately
recalled to their assistance, going in on (heir left,
where Tower, of Rickettsia division, and Sykcs, of
Porter's corps, subsequently joined them.
Wanen had seen tho error of removing Reynolds
from the loft, and had promptly replaced the latter
by his own brigade, which, however, was almost de-
stroyed by the advancing enemy under Hood. But
his prompt action had held tho enemy long enough
for Schenck and Milroy to form on bis left en Bald
HiU.
In tho meantime Porter, with his own corps end
the division of King, under Hatch, vigorously
attacked Jackson, covered by tho embankment rf
tha railroad cut. In successive lines, thrice did
his troop3 advance and vigorously attack, and
thrice, after damaging inroads upon Jackson, were
his lines repulsed, with great slaughter, by the
enemy's rl'reet infantry and flanking artillery fires.
Forced to desist in his attacks. Porter fell hack to
hold a defensive position till dark, with part of his
THE SOLDIER IN OCR C/V/L WAR.
3$9
ilt;ud:ili;
troops, against Jackson, whilu another portion
nn ler Bjrkra wvw sent to the Henry House Ilfll in
support of tho loft win;j,
bmgntreet, on tho Booth of ttio Warrenton Pike,
lacking .llrer-t -.nth Hood and Erana, arid "vin".
mg around Eernpr** and Jone-^s divisions (the with-
Jmwal by Pope o( Porter'a troops from Dnwkins
Brunch hnring loft them free) to tlio attack of tho
Poderala on JMd IIMI and eoiith of Henry Hill,
fcfadiially forced tie kttter back until dark, when ta^bodta'oflntairj'
tho battle, ceased, much to tho relief of both
wearied and decimated armies.
Tho iik-ht of t',0 30lh was dark, bat Popo sne-
('.•-fiill', ollected his retreat across Hull Run to
Controvillo, where ho reformed liia troops, to meet
any advance of Lee's army.
The corps of Generals Franklin and Stimner
joined Pope's army at Controvillo in time to have
checked the flunking movement which Jackson hud
intended early on Monday, tho 31st. For that pnr-
uoao .Li' 1. on took his own an'I Evrell'a division
across Still ley Ford mi.' on the Little River Turn-
piko, hut a furious storm delayed all
further advance, and the contemplated
cttack was forcibly abandoned.
A perfect tempest of nnuaually cold
ruin raged during the whole night, and
...miN I throughout nil of the 1st, bat,
|(tprM ^, nctmthstnnding this, Lee's
heavy columns followed the
our.su taken by Jackson and Ewcll ulong
tlio Little River Turnpike, and in tho
if torn ool) of tlio last-mimed day it be-
came evident to the Federals that an at-
tempt would sunn bo mode to turn Pope's
right, then near Gorman town, thus
Opening tho road to Washington.
To prevent this, Popo ordered Hooker
I/) push ahead toward Gorman town,
which ho did, Inking position across the
turnpike. At Hooker's left, and along
the Controvillo Head, stood McDowell, g|
Franklin, Ileiatzelman, Porter, and Snm-
tier, in tht. nrder named, wliilo Iteno,
closely supported by Kearney, occupied
the Ox Hill Heights, iicuy Ohnntilly.
Hanks, who hud brought the wngou-
traln from Bristoo Station, was orCercd
to move, along llio old Braddook Rood
toward Alexandria.
At about five o'clock "Stonewall"
Jacks n appeared in Reno's front, aid,
with Ewoll's division, under Law ton, in
tho coittre, and Hill on the extreme
right, fiercely engaged tho Federal ad-
vn Tint contest was telling severely
upon Reno, when General Isaac I. Stevens,
miinumdiiig the Second Division, orderei1
1 chargo, which ho led in person, but tin",
proved mmvivjng against tlio serried Con-
federate ranks, Stevens was ehot dead,
mid for a moment Reno's wholo forces
seemed about to fall b--:k in disorder, but kear-
■u'_v advanced (o Reno's aid with Birnoy's brigade
in tho front, closolv followed by McDowell's and
Hooker's forces.
J'lat then a furious thunderstorm burst over tho
field, aiitiost precluding tho use of ammunition,
out, nothing di,, iiitcd, Kearney moved hfa batteries
.ln.nl, itnd, planting one himself, personally di-
rected their lira upon tho Confederates. Then,
perceiving a gup loft by Stevens's retiring di
LETTER FROM CDWIS FORBES,
FBOU TUE BaTTLEPIELD OV TUT. SeCOSO UaTTLE OP
Bum. Hex, ArocsrSOra, 1SC2.
.-:" Sirrii 01 Pioh STS-TTi)
FntLD or Bitue, Monday, September 1st, 1WSL
Sin. Fr-vsk Lewie : Dcab, Sb-I send with, this letter
my ikrfch*" oT Ihe haid-roughl battles on the old add e*
Doll Run. I nrriv, 1 oo the ground Just before the heghv
olng of Ihe figbt. The weno looking from the creO. of "ha
Impresive. On the [.tain Mow Uy
lino of lull]... :n 1 others rn
It remind.
tli;in of the beginnl
probably lay down Ifcdr lira
Our mm won weary, tired nnd worn nut by llio Ion™
marches unil excitement of tlie post ten day*, and required n
stimulant unlit they got Into Ibe thickest ■-( llic II jhl | ■
Dcnrty . tin r and yell would be worth a Uioue aid an a al
such n lime, vt' nobody .-■ •! to f"'l tlio greatness a[ the
occasion.
The fight vras opened li) our batteries In rroot ol llichlll
rm.l woods ea Ilia centra and loft. It mu immoJJately
t.-[ilj..| l.i l.y tin: i-ri.-jrn ' . I..itl.-ri.-. in tin ..n l.inl nn.l aluriLT
llio cnal ..( tl".' b!H aboat ii rpmrlvr ..( j. mil.' .Ii-iiin(, Afar
tho Bitutciy tljfliiiiijf bad Ih-iliI wuui time, our i"fnalry
4= iri.lrii.-tor -i .-.rtillcry "od canlrr, nnr) m- [oi I irttM
•tljutant ■■( tin post From Wen Point he H.uirnuiicrred
to (be wljutant-svocrar* iK-(i:irtnn'Ol, und during the vr^n
i- •,:-., . tsaa uljalant^i m r.l ..t tho CUh expedition.
Upon the bieakbig ..nt ■( the Civil War, ho <™ ap-
i i:il..l .:■■■,. I oi lln ['ilt.i.ntii t"nit..l States Infantry,
.■i'l ■■ mpr ■■'' •! '•• •■■■ ■ 1'rii: nil. r-^-i ii. nl of Tolunti1'
. niug .- 1 bief of itnfl irith Qenerahi M tenon and Bank*
until . nr, In August, 1601, to command a division in
tht Ari.i.i ..[ Ih.j Potomac, lli- directed successfully tho
rif"i- i.f YorktOWD, and upon th.1 Federal .N.copationof tbo
latter place, was ^in ti tlie comroaad of the Fifth Corps,
ivhit-1 upri- d tlicdivUinaeuf Men-ll and Sj k. ■■, in ubi. b
idded Hi
ttli -I Si
Mile, Gni
ami -I. i
II* division of
- Mii:
I Mali
attacked the enemy's left flank. The fighting here was verj
severe; huge coliuiins of yi-ltnii' siunkc rnlli-d Up from the
rouds; the faint nilllc unil roll of distant musketry came
across tho open Adds, interrupted oceaiionaJly by (ha boom
ol n heavy gun. Meanwhile, llic era my were making a very
soriotu attempt lo turn our left. Part of .McDowell's eoips
" as scut to drive llu-iii hack. They moved In solid column
across llio Held from Ibo right, wliilo Ilia enemy. In over-
whelming tones, was jiu-liin; our -null number back.
The fighting was terribly fierce nt this point, llio enemy
throning all their force on this Uiinlc Our men rclired
across the field in Ibe foreground and into the woods. On
a pushed furu lir 1 to reconnoitre the ground, but the right Ibe enemy was driven from his position.
veils shut dead while lie was unwittingly in the I have been nt four battles where Jnekson commanded the
( 'Ollfedcmtu lines enemy's forces, and could not help remarking thesitniturilj-
" ,. ..... , .f t!ic L-tniiiiil i'li..-. ii bv him in Iiii s.-v.ral Hclions. His
llio eiiuiiiiai.il .if kwmie-ys ilivi-nm n..w .1,- p^,ioQiaBUchthathoinvnrMLiyic.7c3[lfleMeWoodoBone
\"lvi,| up. hi Genu I'll David B. Biritcy, who at Oltce 0(onr flanks and opco ground jii die oilier, ond hy moving
unliivd :: kivi'iit't-t'luirge, which was lirilliantly bis whole force under cover of the wood, outflanks us.
e\eenleJ by Colonel Tom EgUU with tha First, I wasln Ihe hottest of ihaflro lor quite a while. When I
Th ty-eighih and Fortieth New York Volunteer n^u['Iwl_!№ |£'_;
Regiments, Tho Oonfederotea were driven baek,
jii.l darkness put nu end to tho conflict, which has
been variously designated as tho battle of C bunt illy,
of Oer man town, und oi Oi Hill. FITZ JOHN PORTER.
Pope found himself in no tondition to continue ^^ ot rommolllh, Sm iL. August 30th, 1822 ; wne
his enmpuign, and retired witlnu the f.irtitic.itiuns ...imiued totbe f .1 si.u.- Miiii.r; a. ..kmy m West
of Washington. The casualties of his forces, Point, July. 1811, from which he graduatedon the llthof
from AugUSt LGtb K> September 3d, Were, exclusive July, lS-tJ. and cut. r,.| ti,c army a* l.n-vel ^-ouil li. ut.n.ant
of Porter's corns, in killed, -WOUnded and missing, of artillery. Hc"rv".l Ibruu-boat ih"M. "c.a War, nnd
i ^ c..n t. _. i -•ii- . T) * was wounded at the a.-_-an1t no th- 1 itv of Mencc, Scp-
10,509. _Porter, Who joined his corps to Popes u.ml(£r l:tt||, 1&JT For his ^llnotn- at Chnpultepec and
I tlieSlth of A""""t, MoUno dei bpj> hc was pjvea the brevets of captain and
y I found myself cornered. I shirted
a piirtyof skirmisher* Ibroiigh a dense wood, luuUng
my hnrsc, and after passing under n seven) fire of shell, I
got a safe positi'jn. Yours, Eu"-ls Foaiita.
r "Warrenton Junction o
tvt 3 151 on tlio SUtli and 30th,
major. From 1W3 to 1855, he w
s'ationed al 'Vest foiot
during the hi
iUclf at the seen.! battle of Bull Ran, I u l.i Vbj i ■ SOtb,
18G3, a* well a- iii the battle ol Antii bun Septal !■■ i IStb
mid 17th, and ..t SbcpberiUtOwn OB S. |.l. nib. r 1 8th ami
10th o! the saraoyi :.r. In tho following Sovorabor, General
Porter iv ii armigncd U'fore n court-miirtial upon tbo
i :h;ir:'r nt ,li-,ilK.,iii -in n .if ordCH nl tho m eolid Inlttlo of
Dull Hull, and he was cashiered, .Iioiiiiiry 21st, 1803.
Blace that date be lias been engaged in civil
lift - at lime* in Colorado in charge of mines
belonging to Now York associations, nnd nUo
in tij.im'-y in .N\u- Ynrk City. II- wm lik.-
wise employed l.y tho Stat- ol •>■ n Ji t i >. and,
as Bll|ierinleiidel)t, built Ibe A.yluin f. r il,- lo-
ot the kind in tho world, r. .poring Ibo careful
expenditure of over ?L>,000,OOI).
In 1*;.", .10 was appointed Commissloiiel ol
Public Worka of Ibe City of New York md
si linen u cr lly iviii atsi-t.uit. receiver ol the New
Jersey Central Railroad At the lime ol ^-riling
(July, 188-1), General Torter has, altera thorouiib
rei'isi.in (if all Urn fad' in Ibe rase, nnd w "mpi;
discussion of tho fiimu by boib polilloil rartln
In tho two Houses of Congress, been completely
exonerated from the rharges m-dn before the
court-tanrti.d, ' / the piuwage of 9 1)01 tvslorinB
him to tlio rank of colonel In the Regular Army.
IlUt tlio President has declined to give that [till
bis approval, aligning as . reason that It tins
pa-seil upon tho powers ant privflogta ol bis
position gniot.-d by tbo Constitution. The Hill
was passed by the House of liepresenlatlvo Over
the President's veto, but fulled sc to pass llic
Bennte, Just before tbo otaio, nnd afterward luc-
ceeded Ills fallier. Zadock Pnitl, In 'Jifl colonelcy
of tbcTwentietb New York jliiitla Rcidmem Ho
also WBB cashier of bis father's hank at Pnttfl-
ville; represenleil his district in the Ulalc Senate,
1B5*- 0 ; on the breaking out of tht Civil War, be
equipped his Militia Tlc^mcnt, which left Kin.;-
ston, N. Y., for Ihe capital, on the MOj of April,
1881, and completed tbo three months' service ter
which It had enlisted. The regiment, on lis
return, re-cnlistcd under the name of Ibe Ulster
County Guard, or Twentieth llegiment, New
York Volonteera. and .iiid'.-r Colonel Pratt took the Held for
threoyenra,&Dilon thuTthof November, IbOl, Joined General
Wudswortb's brigade across the Potomac, remaining In camp
at Upton'a nil!., Vn., up to the end of tbo year. With il
Colonel Pratt afterword participated In engagement* at
Palli Cliureh, Ihipjiahnnnoek Station, and White Rulpbtu
Springs, Ya,, dlslliiguishing biins/.If more piirtlculurly nl thi
SLtond battle of Bull Hun, where, oo tbo BOlb of August,
18C2, be rc--civeo Oie wound which coinpthV'. nb tamedlati
rotiremenl from the field, and from wl icb ho d'ift at
Albany, on the 11th of tin subsequent rat nth.
ISAAC IXGAI-LS STEVENS.
Botw nt Andovcr, Mass., March i-lth, 1918 ; entered the
United Blatcs Military Academy at West Point, whence he
graduated, July 1st, ls;i!i, at tbo head of bis class ; nerved
in the .Mi-\ieaii \\ ir. :iud " . - lir.i . i. d c.ipl:iio for gall not
nnd meritoriou.1 service at Conlreras, Cliunibuseii, and
Cbapultcpcc, as well ;is breveted major for brav.-ry dis-
played at tho storming of the San Cosmo Gato. From 1846
until his resignation from the amy in March. 1SJ3, he wai
priin ipal asdstaal in charge of the office of the United
States Coast Survey at Wiuibingtoa. lie afterward eon
ducted the pioneer survey of the roate foi the Northern
Pacific Itiilway, was appointed by President Pierce Govci
nor of Wxihington Territory, and rcjircsented th>- latter in
Congress from IS37 to 1801. When the Civil Wur broke
out he was on the Pacific Const, and lost no time in reach-
ing Washington, where ho tendered hi- services :o tho
Government. He was made colonel ot the Seventy ninth
New York Regiment of Highlanders upon the death ,1 Ma
Commander, James Cameron, and on the 2'lb of Septem-
ber, 1801, was promoted lo if a biiga.lier-^eneml of Vol
nnteers. lie a.-. ■ uip.ir.i. d i '•■ n-nlT. W. Sherman Co South
Carolina, and participated in tbe engagements cund Porr
}Q0
7HE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
s£~3&te.J2r
THE SULDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
39>
Rojnl. Upon returning.' \t lll>, 1*12. Hr: greatly dirtingiiishcJ IuidmIX with
tin Ninth Corps at the second baltlc o( Bull Rub ond at
f'luxntillj, nnil nt th" last named engagement was nliot
through Hi- bead and instantly killwl, while gallantlf
hooding n charif . on ihe 1st of September, 1862.
UAPTTJF.E Of HARPER'S 7ERKY,
Aftkis tho battle of Ohantilly, Pops renowed the
rriiuect lie liml previously made I" bo relieved of
LOL-imand and allowed to return West. His rcmiest
*ns mora favorably received, nod on the, Hd of Sep-
tember, President Lincoln and Oon-
)"rrcn*B,im. era] 1M]ci,k (,|l]K,(1 upon McClollflU,
ml placed in his hands tho "command of the 'or ti-
nker having been accompanied by
uncovering of heads under the strains of "My
Maryland," which issued from all the brnds, r-nd
the words of which were likewise simnftaneou.1''
taken np in every din-rtum
I"e had supposed that hia advance woula ,ead to
the Federal evacnation of Harper's Ferry and of
Martins bnrg, Thi3 not occurring, ho determined
upon the attempt to eaptiiro both places, and for
that pnrposo he divided his oni_y, sending Jack-
son's corps and half of Longstrcet's to Martiusburg
to lake the latter place, and then move down to
Harper's Ferry. Lee retained with him tho re-
mainder of Longstreefe corps, D. H. Hill's divi-
sion, and nearly all of tho cavalry. General Lafay-
ctto McLawB was ordered to seize Maryland
Heights, on tho north sido of tho l'otomue, oppo-
site Harper's Ferry, with his own and li. H. Ander-
GcDei-'. McN..ellat took tho field on tho "th,
having previously brought his anuy north of Wash-
ington into Maryland, and advanced toward Fred
urick City in five Liarallel lines, eovcrinjt bvth
Washington and rlaltimoiu. in.' right vl.; -m
commanded by General BaruaKle, who hod Hook
er's (Mi'PonreH'a First) corps, besides his owl
Ninth Corps, under Bono; General Sumner lick!
tho ecntro with his own Second Corps nnd Hanks'*
Twelfth Corps, under Mansfield; and Genera.'
Franklin had tho Sixth Corps and Conch's division
on tho extremo loft. Porter's corps, except Sykcw
remained in Washington until tho 12th, and reaohoil
tho army on tho 14th, near Turner's Gap,
The Fedend advaiieo entered Frederick City an
tho ]3th, after a brisk skirmish with
~ tho Confederate rear guard, and thorr
found a copy of Leo's order of tho fltb direr*.
nSUKN-jUJLS UIVISIUN 0ABKY1KG THE liltlllUB OVEU ANT1ETAM ORE
1HE COHFEDEKATE POSITION, BEPTEJIBEH 17th, IKSti.
Gcntious of Washington, and of all tho troops far
tho defense of tlio capital."
Tho Federal army, which had fallen back from
Ohautiliy to the fortifications around Washington
and Alexandria, was at once, reorganized. Enrn-
siile. Porter, Franklin and Sumner retained tho
command of their respective corps, hut Mel towell's
army was placed in charge of General Hooker, and
tu General Mansfield was given the command of
the ■■■•ri- heretofore led by General Hanks, who
now had charge of tho fortifications arouud the
■ajiital.
The day following the battle of Chantilly, Gen-
eral Lee was joined by General D. II. 1 1 ill with his
five brigades, thus increasing the Confederate army
to about 70,000 men. With these he determined
npou tho immediate invasion of Maryland. Th"
Potomac was crossed about midway between Har-
per's Ferry and Washington, not far from Ball's
'Bluff, and on tho 7th of September, Lee's army
• .kumiped at Frederick City, the passage of the
eon's force, while General W. S. Walker would
capture Loudon Heights, situated at a point on tho
southeastern side of the Shenandoah River, where
it unites with tho Potomac.
McLaws engaged Maryland Heights on the 13th,
and ocenpied the place, after a spirited though
brief contest, tho Federals under Colonel Ford fall-
ing hack across tho Potomac to Harper's Ferry.
Loudon Heights was taken possession of on the
same day without opposition. In the meantime.
Jackson had pushed on rapidly, reaching Williams-
port on tho 11th, and entered MartinsfauTg on the
12th, while Lee's force had crossed to tho west of
South Mountain, Longstrect going to Hagers-
town and D. U. Hill to lioonsboro', where the
atTOT headfiaart.TS would bo established after the
intended reduction of Harper's Ferry. The cav-
alry under General Stuart remained northeast of
South Mountain to retard the. Federal advance, and
the force at Boonsboro' would prevent any possible
Federal escape through Pleasant Valley.
ing the movements of the Confederate i.nny from
Frederick. This order, which had been accident-
ally left behind, revealed to Mel I.oUon tho actual
dispositi I" Le.A forces, which did not have in
view any immediate attack upon either Baltimore
,.il* l]i,: iMpit.d, -'i I'Hig .1.- MeC'lellari'ii anny n.-
moined between the two cities.
MeClcllan immediately ordered an advance tow
ard South Mountain, Durnside, followed by Sum-
ner, going in the direction of Boonsboro' through
Turner's Gap, and Franklin proceeding through
Cramptoii Gap, which lies directly in front of
Burkitt.-ville, and opens into Pleasant Valley.
General ITeasantoii, who commanded the Federal
cavalry, was close to Turner's Gap on the afternoon
of the 13th, but the heads of the Fedend infantry
columns did not reach the passes until the morning
of the following day. Reconnoissanccs having beer.
made by Pleasanton's cavalry, and by tho First and
Second Brigades of Cox's division, comiuanded re
epectively by Colonels E. P. Scan: men and G"ory"
1Q2
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL iVAR.
OPENING OF THE BATTLE OF ANT1ETASL - HOOKER'S DITTBIOH FORDING THE OBBBK TO ATTACK TEIE CONFEDERATED
Pno" A Src*rrir nx P. Q. Si-irEii.
THE FEDERAL ARTILLERY TAKING POSITION AT THE BATTLE OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN.
FIPK i S*tTCU IT F. B. 8CHDA.
THE SOLDIER IX OUR CIVIL WAR.
393
Crook, Reno ordered an assault in the
Confederate position south of Turner's
Gap.
Under cover "f McMnllin'a and Bim-
moin'a batteries tltc Federals, led by Rod-
man, ffilco*, Siurgi-, and Cox. with tho
latter in the immediate udvunce, rapidly
marched up the aides of the mountain.
Co* Boon encountered General Garland'a
brigade of Hill'* division, with which he
had a fierce engagement, re-tilting in the
dtath of the fronf. derate eommandcr, and
ihu consequent falling buck of the brigade.
Urn get root hurried from lingers town at
Hill'* request, and by the lime Rodman,
Stnrglfl ami Wilcox readied the scene
the Confederate fnreo in eommand of the
Cup, ami of both oresls, had been swollen
to nearly 30,001 m.
At about two o'clock Hooker's corps
arrived, uml moved loward the Con fed-
ora to left along the old Hugvratonn Road,
closely followed by Meade from the Eil-
toctim (.'reek. Rickells waa shortl) after
ordered to niovo in tlio -Time direction
along Hie turnpike simultaneously with an
advance by Reno's division on the extreme
Federal left, and by King's division, en -
mauded hy Oeiieral .Tolm P. Ha toll, in tlio
centre.
The Federal movement was admirably
executed, in line of a well-directed fire
from the Confederates, who had tlio ad-
vantage of position, and could contest
almost every inch of tlio steep, w led
approach, lly four o'clock Hi
JOSEPH HiimKCI:
Colonel Miles, who, however, was mortally wounded
j(. bee; me general, and the entire ground was before ii could be distinguished. The surrender
vigorously contested until the crest was reached, devolved upon General White, who hud waived
and dnikncss put an end to the fight. command iu Miles'a favor, and to tho Confcd-
In the lust mimed engagement, tlio total lots on orates Ha per's Ferry was transferred, with 11,583
both sides in killed, wounded and missing,
nearly 3,000- General Jceso L. Reno
while at Hie hcod of his command, and was re-
placed by General Cox, General Hutch and Colonel
W. r. Wniinvright being severely wounded.
Franklin had been successful iu bis attempi to
force the passage of Cr.nnptan'a Cap,
prisoners, 13,000 stand of arms. 200 wa ona. 73
killed cannon, some ammunition, and a large quantity
of stores and camp equipage.
Miles died shortly after the surrender, with a
strong sus pi (.ion of disloyalty unjustly attaching to
him, and For 1 was dismissed on the ground of such
lack of military capacity as to disqualify hi:
McLuws stood with three brigades, under Howell from a command in the service."
Cobb, He had advanced Loli'ly against the Ci
federate front with tin- divisicilB of General Henry from Turner's and Ci
W. Slocum, while Genornl William F. Smith's di
vision charged up the mountain on the left, and h
hud cuined tlio crest after sustaining a loss
of 533 in killed and wounded. Ho ca| -
tuiod, however, 400 prisoners and sclera
hundred stand of arms from the Coi fed-
erates, who were compelled to lice down
the western side of iho mountain, after
expel fencing a loss of nearly liUO men.
Both these engagements, fought on tlio
Uth of September, consiitute what has
boon called the battle of South Mountain.
Early on the same day, tlio Confed-
erates had almost completely invested
Harper's Ferry, Ibon in charge of Colonel
O. If. Miles, wbu had u total force of
nearly 12,000 men, including the troops
which General Julius While brought with
him thereafter abandoning Mirtinabnrg,
Miles sLill held batteries on Bolivar Heights
in the rear; but tlio Confederates com-
manded boil) tlo Maryland and Louden
Heights across the Pot mac and Skcnai -
doab Rivers, and from these an artillery firu
was opened in tl',0 afli inooll.
Instead of holding out to the last ex-
tremity, and endeavoring tu reoceupy
Maryland Heights, ns McClellan bad di-
rected, Miles sent away his cavalry iu the
evening, and made no effort lo regain ihe
Heights, which Colonel T H. Ford, after
repelling a heavy Confederate attack, had
been compelled to abandon during the
night of the 13th.
At dawn on the 15th the investment
was complete, for Jackson had brought up
his force in the rear of Harper's Ferry, and
opened upon the Bolivar Heights batteries
simultaneously with the firing from Loudon
and Maryland" Heights.
The position was, of course, untenable,
end a white flag was soon displayed by
When Lee saw the danger threatening his airny
ipton's Gap, he determined
to fall buck to Sharpsburg. The forces under
I.ongstreot and D. II. Hill reached the latter place
V^
JOSEi'H K. F. JiANSFIELD.
earlv on the 15th, and those under Jack-
son" and Walker on the 16th ; bat
UcLnws could not cross over to Harper's
Ferry until the moruiug of the lusl named
date, and reached Sharpsburg, by way of
Shep iCrdstown, only on the i:th, after
the buttle ol Antiolam had commenced.
Lee posted his troops along the range
of heights anil in the woods between the
AntieUm Creek and the town of Sharps,
burg. Long-t'oet being placed on the
right of the Boonsboro* Road, and D. H.
Hill uo the loft, while Jackson, protected
by Stuart's envnrly, stood lo the loft of
the road hading to tlagcratown, and
Walker occupied Uoigstreet's right, near
Slmvoley''* Farm.
As soon as McClellaii learned of I-eo's
retreat he ordered u pursuit, which
brought about, on the 15th, quite a lively
cavalry skirmish at Boonaboro', and, n still
more important infantry and artillery
engagement on the Kuedysville and
Sharpaburg Road.
On the afternoon of tho lGtll Ilookor
was oidered to crofs the Antiotam Crock,
with Rickotts, .Meade, and Duubloduy
(the latter in eh urge of Hutch's division),
and to attack the Confederate left.
Hooker crossed by tlio upper ono of
the four stono bridges spunning tho crook
bolow Pry's Mill, near Keedysvillo, and
moving to tbo west and smith, occupied,
after sonio skirmishing with Hood's
force, tbo woods east of tho road to
Hagorstown. Horo ho remained during the night,
uud was joined by Genenil Mansliold's Twelfth
Corps, which bivouacked about a mile in tho rear.
During tho night, Hood's troops were relieved by
two brigades of Ewell's, led by General Alexander
If. Law ton, who had on his loft " Jackson's Own,"
under General J. K. Jones, supported by tho re-
mainder of Ewell's division.
At dawn of the 17th, Uookoi's artillery opened a
vigorous fire against tho Confederate
Binuuii, lsei ,0|tnnder jac[(son, following it with
nu attack by Meade's Pennsylvania Reserves, occu-
pying his centre. Doubleduy stood on Meado's
right and Ricketts on bis loft. After a sovoro
contest, marked by u most stubborn resistanco on
the part of the Confederates, they wore driven With
heavy losses beyond tho lino of woods across tho
Ilagcrstown Road, whore stood Jackson's
resorves. Hool.er further advanced Meade's
force in order to seine tho road and occupy
tho woodB ; butas it approached, Jackson's
reserves, and the force ju-t sent him by
Hood, fell heavily upon it, and fought it
with such tenacity, tbut Meudo had to
summon immediate aid.
Doublcday and Iticketts camo at onco to
Ins support, and for a while tho opposing
forces fought with a determination and
obstinacy rarely witnessed. The struggle
did not cease, in fact, until the ranks on
both sides bud been fearfully decimated hy
the heavy and very effective artillery
brought on the field. Hooker's corps, and
his opponents, " Jackson's Own," and the
brigades of Hays, Lawton, and Trimhlo,
worecompletclysliuttcrcd. General Hartsuff,
of Doobteday's force, was badly wounded.
General Starke, commanding the Stonewall
division, und Colonel Dongbis, commanding
one of Law ton's brigades, were killed, and
General Lawton in charge of the division,
3nd Colonel Walker, commanding a bri-
gnde, were severely hurt.
A temporary lull occurred, during which
Mansfield's corps was brought np and
formed, at about half-past seven o'clock,
with Williams's division on the right and
Greene's on the left. While deploying,
however, General Mansfield was mortally
wounded, and bia place was taken by
General Crawford. The latter lost no time
in advancing toward the wooda, leaving
Greene's division to take position close by
the Hunker church, and soon encountered
D. H. Hill's division, which had replaced
the exhausted Confederate troops. Guns
were soon again placed in position on both
CONFEDERATE BATTERY AT HARPEK'S FERRY, VA, ERECTED ON THE HEIGHTS
CONFEDERATE BATTERY AT HARPER'S FERRY, VA, ERECTED ON THE HEIGHTS OVERLOOKING THE TOWN. AND COMMANDING THE RAILROAD BRIDGE AND CANAL.
396
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
THE SOLDJEX J .\ UUIl ClllL ,IAK.
397
flMefl, nni the attack was renewed mora fieri
than ever.
Fleasantan'a cavalry ami horse artillery wok retake llio bridge. Night closed upon .-.utnltor
bronglitonRichar.Lon'sltftinfr1.lnt..i'thu ":, 1 sanguinary chapter ol lha war- a toss if over
Un'JorMp(,u.rifiyk.n,t..-lntti:ne^waflgilcneedon bridge, and did excellent service in spelling the 13,000 men being credited to each mdo doring tha
YZ* frFF? '?. y f)oab,cdfl?'e B"M, which many assaults made npon the Federal centre dur- brief time that the bottle of An tie tarn lasted.
latter nnd been doing such terrible execution, that ing th" afternoon. "With the
to nneoeceBRfnl attempt wan maflo to capture them reinforcements that General
by the Fourth Alabama and tho Fim Texas Ecgi- R, H. Anderson brought Gen-
ments. Both sides fonght with desperation, alter- era! Hill, an effort was made
tiately advancing and retreating, as reinforcements to seize a ridge on the Federal
camoupon tho field, until abont nine o'clock, when, left, which was successful! v
nziderainoro determined onslaught than anv of opposed by Colonel Cross with
tho preceding onen, (lie Federal lino began to waver, hla well-known Fifth New
Just then Sumner opportunely arrived, and took Hampshire Regiment und the
tho plnco of General Hooker, who had jnst been eo Eighty - first Pcnnsylvanie,
severely wounded in the foot as t.. have to be cor- whilo another and more im-
ried from tho field. Sedgwick was sent with tho portent attempt was being
First Dfriaion to aid Crawford, while Richardson made to flank tho Federal
and French advanced further to tho left, toward the right. Tho latter was frns-
Dunker church. Tho woods were taken possession tmted by Kimball's brigade,
of west of (ho church, and Hood's troops wore and the Sixty-first and Sixty-
being rapidly driven back, whon freah troops under fourth New York Regiments,
McLaws and Walker tamo upon the scene, with which Colonel Francis
Sedgwick's impetuosity had carried him bo far 0. Barlow mado a most do-
forward, that a huge gap separated him from all term i nod attack.
BTipport on tjo left, where stood French's division, Tho Fedornl Hues wore
and toward thin yap the Confederates advanced finally advanced close on to
boldly. They pen o trnted it, compelling the Fed- Dr. Piper's house, where an-
onils to full book to Hie first line of woods, and other stand was mado by tho
wore making thoir way toward an unprotected Fed- Confederate*. A fiereo or-
Oml battery, which, for want of infantry support, tillory duel hero took place,
,,'nnld doubtless havo been easily captured, when and while directing (ho firo
Franklin reached tho ground with Sloonm's and of one of the batteries, Gen-
inilli'a divisions, and promptly covered tho ox- oral Richardson <
i very
posed point.
Slooumwos placed to tho left of General 0.0,
Howard, who had just taken Sedgwiek'a division,
us tho lattor was twieo wounded, and had to he
carried from tho field ; and Smith was ordored to
intake the ground near tho D linker church, which
ho did, after making sovoral charges, in which Col-
niiel Irwin's First Brigade, and notably the Seventh
Maine Regiment, greatly distinguished themsolves. cock, and Dr. Piper's 1:
French and Richardson wore ordered at tho samo Federals.
time to make a diversion in favor of the right, Whilo the Federal right nnd centre had been " M
thus e-gaged, the left was not lStli
severely wounded, that he had
to resign his command to
General W. S. Hancock. At
about tho samo time. Colonel
Burko had to tako tho place of (Jonernl Meagher,
who was likewise taken away seriously wounded.
Tho fight continued fiercely until toward night-
l n charge was ordered by General Hun-
} was abandoned to lLo
RAPHAEL BEMMES.
forced
altogether idle. Biimside
ordered at eight o'clock to carry tho
lower stono bridge, tako possession
of tho Sharpsburg Heights, and then direct!
ndvan
linat the
Porter, c
} along thoir crest upon tho
town. Ho mado several attempts,
hut failed in presenco of the raking
firo which Confederate infantry and
sharpshooters directed upon him.
Failing to hear of any progress,
JieClellan twice sent to him ; bnt
this not prodneing any result, ho
commanded Burnsido to carry tho
bridge at tho point of tho bayonet. At da
was finally done at oze o'clock enjiuyl
On the morning of the ISth neither side
appealed ready fur tho offensive
Mel Irll.m's army was reinforced dur
g the day by about 18,000 men under Conch and
liinptireyt, and General Leo was also; strengthened
tli" l.i-t division from Harper's Ferry.
Mi-)'!, n .n delayed resinning tins attack on 'ho
Ho knew thnt Lee was being largely rem-
and to take the aggressive lie needed ro-
nents, which, thou^'b promised and expected
17tll, had been held buck at Frederick by
from Washington, in order to guard
enemy getting in rear of tho army,
'n the centre of tho line.
plied PI
fth
the supply-tmins, protected Burn side's
ik, and assisted him as he advanced ; sup
lasantoi) with infantry and artillery, and
of Sib roll's brigades to Sumner. IIiwi-
arrival on the ISth enabled him to replace
's wearied iroops, wnich were withdrawn
Antiobmi.
on the pith, it was discovered thai the
position, ;lui| withdrawn
ISAAC PEACE RODMAN.
in tho afternoon, when the Fifty- across '.ho Potomac. Pnnull was. u xk- as ponsi-
first Now York and the Fifty-first bli, organized by Porter, which resulted in the
Pennsylvania drove the Confederates capture of many prisoners, near the Rhapherdstown
from tho bridge to tho heights. Ford, whore, on the south bank, tho enemy had
Tho divisions of Sturgis, Wilcox, made a stand, with artillery and considerable
Rodman, and Cox cro.-sed the bridge, infantry.
with their accompanying batteries. Griffin's nnd Barnes's brigades wore ordered lr
and. after a most spirited attack, take the eigiit batteries which Lee hod left for tho
the Confederates were driven back defense of tho river approaches, and after a spirited
toward Sharpsburg, leaving Burn- and rather prolonged engagement, in which the
side's forco in possession of the Federals lost 220 killed and wounded, fonr ol
crest. the guns woio captured. Two of these had been
Had this been dono a fow hours lost by Griffin at first Bull Run battle, in ISfil.
earlier, as Mi-Clcllan had ordered it, Tho next day Porter undertook e reconnoiesan. .
Lee's lino would havo been fatally in lorce - tho advance of. which, being attacked bi
severed at Sharpsburg. As it was, A. P. Hill before the main body could cross l,."
the delay enabled A. P. ITill's d:- river, was withdrawn to the north bank,
vision to reach the ground. Though Lee's army marched to tho Opeqnan Rivei, j.eai
Fatigued after its hurried march Startinsburg, wbcro it remained a few dr.ys, an!*
from Harper's Ferry, it immediately thence moved np the Shenandoah Valley to tbf
directed such a heavy fire, mainly vicinity of Bunker Hill and Winchester,
upon Bnrnside's left Hank, that the SleCIellan tent General Williams to rctakj Mary-
Federals were compelled, not long land Heights, which he did on tho 20th, otd iw-
after, to fall back to the protection days later General Sumner occupied ilaryr
jf the bluffs, near the bridge *hey Ferry, which Was soon placed in communication 3/
had crossed. In oncof the charges ponton-bridges with the b'ifita^Juii ^i i'ct.in*
wed Hill's arrival, General shores. The Federal army lay in the vicinity a
;ded, and Gonara] L. Sharpsburg until tho 2oth of October, when i
i mortally
which was also rapidly carried out. Three of Gen- 1'odn
end Hill's brigadeswere driven back in disorder to t >'B. Ur.uicj was killed. began crowing the Potomac, and, a week latei
i sunken read, and thence upon the Hagerstowu The Federal reserve infantry, and the artillery safely on Virginia sod, MeClellan's hevhi natter.
Road, leaving tic Federals onco more in possession under Stnrgis, sided materially in check "ig the being, on the Rtli of November, established a'
it the inucJwjiiitetted ground. Confederate nil v vice, and Eiill m le no attempt tu Rectortowu ri™i Front Rov-d.
39$
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
mSm y
f
CONFEDERATE CAVALRY DRIVING STRAGGLERS AND SKULKERS BACK TO TUEIR DUTY AT THE BATTLE Of ANT1ETAM, MD
PBOM.i,SKCrejl.BI.F.!l. Scuelu
ftlLLTNO'S CAVE, ON THE BANKS OF THE POTOMAC, NEAR SHARPSBDRfi, MD., CSED AS A PLACE OP SAFETY DURING TBF 3ATTLE 0? AHTBTW
yeoa & SKEtcaotF.iLscBZt*.
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
39Q
THOMAS JONATHAN JACKSON,
"STOSEWM.L" JiCTtSOS.
Bon* Id Clarksburg, Uurlwn County, W. Vn., January
Slut, l"il ; nl the ngc of three years m left nn oipbiui,
and likcwine penniless, but was taken charge of by tin.: of
|,i i rotative* until lib fourth year, when he was turned over
tn ah iirn.l' , Cui-iiningi E- Xn kson. n ill] whom be remained
until I..- mi sixteen, IIb hud, in tbo mi nnl -, nttendi -I an
i:|i|.lir !i! ichool, 1>iil lin'l mainly given at ti.nl inn to the care
of bin uncle's funn. Upon leaving tin.- latter lit* was elected
count}' romilil.le, mid remained *oeli for two years, when he
RU in. I.i' "I U> BpplS f'.rriii'l did ■ ■'..'.■ 11 '!.' 1-r of Julji
IS40, n cadciabip in the t oitsd -
Yfetl Point, Ho mu acltuim He of MeCI. n m. Itono, Stonc-
mim. Couch, Potter, Gibbons, Hill, Haury, and others, who
subsequently became giwrnln, and, aftet four ysora' study,
graduated seventeenth In n clou of lovcnty,
On the 1st of July, lH-tfi, In- w.M appointed n second licu-
i.r.iui nj artillery, and ns such entered the Mexican War,
v. 1 1 1 r . ■ In .1! [iri.;iii'.ti. d himself pp. nil ,. llo took D GOO-
I pi i . pari ut 111.: redaction of Vera Cni/, and in the
i. .nl. ■ ..i Contrenu, Churnl.ii.ici., Molhm .1-1 !(■■>■, .'hr.piit-
le pee nnd .Mi'nicn.lM'iiiiftwirc .orninendi.il in 'icnernl Scott's
ri'|Mirl". mid ri-ceivii.i; the i..mnii"-.ioii.i of first lieutenant nnd
Of bin vol -major for okilluud gallantry. Upon tho tunuinn-
afterward placed in command of the Confederate forces in
the lower Shenandoah Valley, and took part in the bottles of
Kcroslown, McDowell, Winchester, Cross Keys, Port Re-
public, New Cool Arbor (Cold Hnrborj, nnd Cedar Bun.
Advancing wilh Lee into Maryland, his troops led the van
[.. f'r. ib rick City, nji'l shortly after v. cured the capitulation-
of Elirpert Ferry with 11,000 men, a large ipuntiti ol -mall
arms, nnd a number of pieces of artillery, wagons, i tc.
Jackson afterward took a leading part in the bottles of
AnlicLim, Fredericksburg and Chanccllorsvillc, meetinghis
death io lb.- l.i-. named engagement. Late on the 2d of
.Mm, 1803, bo rarprised General Hooker's forces, and pur-
sued them uot.1 nightfall so relentlessly, as to completely
rout tho Federal with heavy loss. Lato the fame evening,
Jackson, with hi* stall, rodo a little nhenil of his lines to
reconnoitre, with the intention of continuing tbo pur-uil
early the following day. He n- so engrossed with the
object in view, that ho proceeded raiirli further than he hnd
intended in advance of his troops. Being warned of the
danger he mi in, he hastened to return, but hnd not gone
tar when i heavy volley was fired nt him by his own in-
f i itr, Tie party -i ottered, and Jackson turned rapidly into
the f'T. -t Then ■ in- was fired upon by more of his infantry
in ilii iltitiidr ' f kneeling tu repel cavalry, and received
the three wounds which caused bis death. One ball had
entered his left arm, just below the shoulder-joint, severing
deceased until it was borne noder a large escort of infantry,
cavalry and artillery to it* last renting- plate "in L- (in.gt.on,
in tho Valley of Virginia," whi re 1 ■■■ kt m b id ■ ipn --■ d >
wish to be buried, nod where a simple monument marks
what Is known as "Jackson's grave." A bronze statue of
heroic siio has been erected to Jtickson's memory on tho
Capitol Square at Richmond, nnd at the time of writing
(18St), a still more elaborate monument is in contemplation
to properly honor the last resting-place of r no who may well
be regard nl the m"-t popular chieftain tin1 Southern Con-
federacy had, and who doubtless was the ablest strategist
produced on either side during the entiio Civil W"".
JOSEPH K. F. MANSFIELD.
Bonsai Nownoven, Conn.. December 2£d, 1808; entered
the Military Academy nl Wi-i l^bit, and, upon graduating
thcrefrom.was uppoinlcd n second lieutenant of Engineer!) in
Ifs-JLT ; I'ng.ii.'1 '1 in 'ii'-'iii' • rini; ii|-.n I In- A I l.inlie nnd Pacific
Coasts until the breaking out i.f (he Mexican War, having
meanwhile gained a captaincy in l^ilS; served in Mexico im
chief engineer of General Taylor's array, ami gained the
biOTOto of major, lieu tenant .colonel nnd colonel forgnllnntry
in the defer, f Kurt llrown.nmlnt the battles of Monterey
nnd at Buenn Vislo, where ho was severely wounded.
Duriug tho llvo yean following thu doi" of tha Mexican
VAlEBii "^LtO," OB " *I.AHA1IA,'! ULLUiUJQ SHU'S TUtt'ABU
don or the Mexican Wur he wns ordered to duty fn Florida,
but, utter remaining tbero three ycora, bis health becama so
bnpnireil, thai ho wns compelled t<> r.>i::n from the service.
On the 1st of September, 1801, be became professor of
natural philosophy nnd instructor of artillery in thoTIrgioia
llililary Ins'.iiute ut Lexington, and remained there until
April, 1S01, when be tendered bis services to bis native
Slate. He was soon placed in cbuige of Iho Confederate
VoluEtcers iLssembicti ut Hnr|ier'o Kerry, and was made a
brigadier- general, after being given by General Joseph B.
Johnston tho command of a brigade of four infantry regi-
ments. When McDowell adv in. id upm M ma^as, in July,
1801, JnccRon's force, which had meanwhile laken a dis-
tinguished (barn in the engagement at Falling Wnlers. was
detached Irom tho " Valley of Virginia," aud stat to Beau-
regard '9 assistance
Jackson's conduct threughout tho first bavtic of Bull Run
was such as Io merit the nhditst encomiums on nil sides, and
to hhn id ottributeit tho succesa gained by the Confederates nt
this, tho flret iniport;ii]t eugagemeut of the Civil War, At a
C"riod of the battle when tho Federal troops were fiercely:
beating back the Confederate lines, Jackson's brigade stood
its ground manfully, and was pointed at with admiration by
General Bee, who exclaimed to his men: "Look I There is
Jackson, standing like a stone wall. Let us determine Iodic
here, and we will conquer 1" The word- electrified the men,
who, upon being rallied bt>ide Jueksun's line, advanced with
il doggedly, and repulsed the Federal advance. The name
of " Stone waU" was always af.erw.inl used lo denote him,
and was likewise given to bis brigade. His gallantry on that
for him the grade "' major-gtneraL Ho was
tho mala artery ; another had entered the wrist j nnd a third
passed through thu palm of Ids right hand. While In Ibis
hclplesa condition his horso ran away, but be managed lo
keep the bridle wilh bis bleeding right hand till thu horso
was stopped, and ho wns laken down la no almost fainting
condition. He was laid under a ireo near tho road until on
anil>ulnncv-)iiti-r could U- l.tuugbt forward, and. amid O ter
rific fire of shot and shell which the Federals Lad Just opened
In that direction, it made its way lo on ambulance- wagon.
The fact of bis being woundi-i wns studiously kept from
his Iroopa, lest they become discouraged ;n consequence, but
he was recognized by one of his division geceraU, Gcncr.-
W. D. Pender, who approached, and Said: "Ah, general,
I am sorry to see you have been wounded. The lines here
ore so much broken by the enemy's fire, that I fear we will
have to fall back.'' Raising his drooping bead, Jackson
exclaimed; " You must hold your ground, General Pender!
You must hold your ground, sir!" It was his Inst order
on the field. The next day Ids arm was amputated by Dr.
Hunter McGuire, an eminent Richmond physician ; but,
pneumonia selling in, he rapidly declined, and died on the
following Sunday, May 10 th, 1863. His last words : "Let
us cross over the river and rest under tho shade of the
trees," were whispered to his wife, whom he had sent for,
and by whom he was tenderly nursed after tho p jrforroing
ol tlie operation.
His body was taker lo Richmond, where it lay io state
at the Capitol, the utile city going into mourning; thence
it was carried to Lexington, where it was received by tlie
superintendent, professors and cadets or the institute and the
dtjsenj. The body lay in state in the old lecture-room of the
War ho was a member of the Hoard <-f Engineers for Forti-
ncations ou the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and from 1853
unlit 1801 was ins pee tor- gene ml ol the Army, with the rank
of colonel. In April, 1861, be was placed in command of
the Department of Washington, ami lo-t no lime in fortify-
ing Ibe capital, receiving the appointment of brigadier-gen-
eral of Volunteer-, the following month. In October, 1801,
he was transferred to Camp Hamilton, Vu., ant] one month
later was ordered to take command at Newport News, par-
ticipating io the capture of Norfolk, May 10th, 1802. He
was in command of Suffolk from June lo Scptcml.tr. 1*"2,
being promoted bt be a major-general of Volunteers in July,
]8i:i, and afterward > ■utmiiaiidi-.l a corps of the Array of tho
Po'omoc, ut I he head of which he received, at Ihe battle
of Antietam, the wounds from which he died, on the 18th
of September, 1862.
ISAAC PEACE RODMAN.
Bor , at South Kington, R, I., August 29th, 1822 ; died
near Hagerstown, Md., September 211th, 1863. At the
breaking out of the Civil War, he took the field as a cap-
lain in the S-.eond Rhode Island Regiment. Was at tho
first battle of Boll Run ; participated in the capture of
Roanoke Island, and of New Berne, N. 0., receiving the
commission of brigadier-general for gallantry at the latter
pin''", where be took po?s<-.=sii.n of the Confederate works at
the point of the bayonet. He commanded General Parke's
division, and great 1- di.-itinEnii_-.ln.-d himself iit the battles of
Sooth Mountain nod Antietam, being mortally wounded
while fighting for uil possession of the stone bridge.
4.00
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR,
BATTLE OF Ml^IFORDSYILLE, KY.
As floos us I'in-11 learned that Bragg intended
moving upon !.■ aisvillc he posted in .. ^' - and
erected defen* - ■' II assailable points along the
Loiiisvillu and Vi -i.vill. Railway, and made prep-
arations (<• head "IT Bragg, nhso, in his evident
ultimate advance upon Nashville.
(Ihi ,,t' tin: threatened points was Mumfords-
villo, situated on tlio Green River. It was held by
Colonel T.J. Wilder, who had creeled there sev-
eral strong i.irt h works on both sides of the railway,
ind who had with him a email force of recruits
men belonging t.. the Fiftieth Indiana, the Cun-
federates were driven hack with considerable loss,
after an engagement i.f several hours' duration.
Dnncan withdrew his force and posted it on each
side of thr Louisville and Nashville Railway, where
it remained, facing iho earthworks, until the arrival
of General Polk's i tingent .-f Bragg' s army, on
the H'.th. Tin- Confederate forte surrounding
Mum fords ville was thus increased to about 25,000
The Federals had meaitwhilo been strengthened
by the Sixtieth and Eighty .fourth Indiana Regi-
ments, which made their total force abont +,000
accordance therewith, the Fcnerut commamler t"
pi tula ted early on the 17th, when his force inarched
■ ■lit of tli" place with all the honors of war.
JOSEPH noOKER.
Boas nt ftadley, Mas*., November 15U, 1S14 ; entered
Ino United States Military Academy nt West Point in 1KW,
and upon graduating therefrom, in February, ISaS, was n|>-
pointed a second lieutenant of Artillery, July lit, 1887
Eerved in the Florida War a^iirinl the Seminole Indians, anil
did garrison and frontier duly until Hip breaking ool of Ibu
war with Mexico, taking part ia the latter on Ilia ilnffi ol
Generals Butler. II am er and Sniilh. In 1*17 he was appointed
Militant adjauial-gcncnd, serving -.a such in Pillow's divl
I FCDCRAL WORKS
I CorTlOEfiATE woftKi
Ef o.
WlW'i-^ seiOVTftVHCURClVtLWAn In WM.ftNE.CE
froni the Seventeenth, Sixty-seventh, and Eighty-
ninth Indiana Regiments, as well as several bat-
teries, and a company each from the Louisville
Provost Guard and." the Eighteenth Regular
Cavalry.
General J. 1C. Dune, u, who commanded two of
General Riiukiiur's brigades, belonging to Bragg's
idvancc, which was M by General J. E. Chalmers,
appeared before AFmnfordsville on. the evening of
Saturday, the 13th of September, aud at once dc-
manded its unconditional surrender.
uu^tsB. ThJs was rcirsBei hy Colonel Wilder,
and on the following morning Duncsn opened
ii-'.ii tin- Federals; but these being reinforced by
Colonel O. L. Dunham with about four hundred
men. Notwithstanding the great disparity in num-
bers, the Federals made a vigorous resistance when
they were attacked by the Confederates, and
throughout most of the 10th directed such an
effective tire from behind their earthworks as to
cause serious losscs-to their opponents. By evening
the Confederates bad in position iS cannon r^ady
to open upon Mumfordsville, and made a renewed
demand for the surrender of the place.
"Wilder had asked for aid from General Bnell,
then at Bowling (.recti, but this not coming, and
there being no likelihood of its soon reaching him
from that or any other quarter, he called a
council of officers, by whom it was decided to snr-
ix-n-ler, as further resistance would be useless. In
sion, and received the brevets of captain, major ar.d llni-
tenant-colon el for galloatrv nt Monterey, nt tbo Notional
Bridge and ul Chapuliepcc. In 1853 he resign;^ f.oai the
army anil engaged in commercial and agricultural pursuits
In California, and was also .superintendent nf Military Itoaas
in Oregon until Isml. when fie- tenderL-d Ids service* In the
United Slate* Government. On the 17lh of May. 18431. ho
was made a brigadier-general of Volunteers, serving in llio
defenses of Washington and on the lower Poloinnc uriiil
March, 1802, when he WM placed at the head nf [lie Third
Corps of the Army of (he Potomac, lie toolc part in the
Virginia Peninsula Campaign- in the engagements be>
fore Yorkb.r.n, as well as inthcballlcs of Williamsburg,
Fair Oaks. Fraxiur'g Farm and -Malvern Hill. Was made a
mujor-'geneml, lo data from the buttle of Williamsburg, ond
figured conspicuously ia Ihc battles or the second Bull Rim,
Cbanlilly, South Mountain and Antkiam. being so severely
wounded at IL-.- Lta-nanied tattle, that lit had lo abandon
_^^j^^rz>
...
■r-' - ■
1 1
' "
7
THE SOLDIER 7iV OUR CIVIL WAR
401
all active ■ ■ ri'r- mnfl tb" following November. Flo had
meanwhile been relieved of command nc bit no request,
beeatuo Ualleek (.■(H-..-.J L, |.|". ,it hi- .li. (".,.., I t),. r.,.-.j.
[lien nt Harp-r ■• y- rry ; but ll,i. wa" fur only a *hort lime,
nnd he wjn returned to hi. pott, baring received; the Ibank*
of Coflgrtw for hit able covering •,! W.i-I,ington and Bnl-
'itiidfi', nt til'' time •:! the C.mf. d< rate invasion, -iiid !>■ in^'
rifen II nmlMUn ..f brigodier-genml in the Regular
Army, an will on the Command of the First Corp-. Upon
l.uri."M.-™.i;eedingMeClcltonineommandofthBAnnjof
Ihi Potomac, Booker wna placed at the head of the I 1 nlra
Urand Dirii!mCnurdandFifthCori"),ODdhcldthi"com.
rmui'l nt tho baitlo of Frederick* burg, Drcembrr 13th, 1802.
!□ Ihn follow^ mnr'kl-.niiocccrd.d flurn-idr in command
nt tbo 4fH'| of '.0* I'jtoujtc, and funylu thu batUu ul
Artilt.rr, Jul;.. I- ;■:> ; -■ r. ' .1 in Meiiro and on fronth-r duty
until the brraking out of the Civil War; commanded a
battery in the capture of Alexandria Maj 84th, 1861, U
■ell i| the fin* Bull Run battle, Jalj Slit, 1881, rrom
irhlcfa lattcf date he wai made a brigadier-gent nl of Volun-
U ere. Hi took 1 art in the Codai Ifonnl .in end the second
IJuil l!.m battles, and commanded 1 division at Chantilly,
Booth Mountain and Anlfetam. In the Dual lii. hmond
1 -.imp iiL.'ip In; "'a> Ilk' 11 i-r lit tin1 In -id ttf ildivi.iriii. fn.rn ll]i'
battles uf the Wild, m.-- to the investment ■■! Petervburg.
ITc woe recalled to Washington in July, 1SIM, lo aid in the
rli.-fi'ii-.' ri^iiixi V. itl>'- thteali ni d mi ick, and engaged in
the lubacqucnt puttuit of F-arlv's armv, taking part in the
ImttlM of JtonocBfj, Opequan, Fiaher'a Hill and Cedar
Creek, Uu liad, in the ._. nut, 11 ..-mud Uw bruTtta uf
steams. iVaonwn, that the hod to be fold early la !SG9,
thus ending her omr. The-lloAiM. originally called
So. 290. wasbuilt tor the Confederal, - md token Charge
of by CapUinSemmeaatTercdra, August, 1883. -1 >"
entered l Oonfedi tote [-"rt from the time At I- po '""
cruise, with only eight men, until her deatruction by tho
United State* wir*tz*satr £*r$ary . I ipl 1) 1 Wii 1 ■ ■■>. In
tho naval encounter which took place b tween thi two
1. .-.-•■ Is, nine mill I "d Cherbourg, Jono 1364, S iwoi
taken npbj the Engluh J* bl Dart ■■ l. and carried to
England. During her career, tho Alabama, with nn In.
crcascdcrewofonohundrvd an. I thin 1 men, I iplui-Cu "Lv.lJ-
five vessel", and destroyed property valued at *fl,lKH>.lW0.
Captain Bcmmct would goncmllj lly the It.-'l Crcsa of St.
tiuorgu ujhjq ntjiing a timl-L uud, wlwn tho lutUr woa
W
BATViE^'
OF
SHARPSBURG
OR
AN7J£-fAlyP
1 rcoc"AL v/oi^^8
I CONTEDERATEVJORftS
noLnirotf. nnnciun.w*H. l,.w. i_.nn.Jt
Chiincollornvilk', May 3d, isnil. TTp ponnicfl Leo townnl
Penuaylvaniii, utid nt Frederick City, J uuc 2 '• th, 10UJ. asked
to I*.1 relieved, iitnl Mvude was ('[.mil in cuiuinantL Uonker
joined tliuTwcutieth Army Cur[..-,].arlkip:ilitigiu the oattlea
of Lookout MuiiiiUiiii, Mi-.i..iL 11 1 Itiii^c 111.I Chattunoogu,
aawellitsitit-'iei u^ny. in. nt ul ltiuggo]d,in November, 1SU3.
In thu invasion of Georgia by Gcuend Sherman's army,
Hooker led bis corps in almost constant fighting up to the
liuiu of tho capture of Atlanta, and WM then relieved at bia
own reiju. -t. He Mib7Ci|Ucnlly cumuiandvd the departments
■Jl the North, of the Ea.'t and of the Lakes, was breveted
major-gi'tU!ral in the Regular Army for bis gallantry at
Chattanooga, nnd in October, IS68, wai retired upon the
roll rank of major-general. Died October 31st, 1S70.
JAJD33 B. niCKETTS.
Bona in Now York City. IMG j graduated at tho United
Stab* M 1 Ut u \ AcsdeiBj a
t Point, nod entered tho
lieutrnnnl-enloncl, rotor.rl, liriL.'ip'tiiT-.^eneml nnd majnr-
gcuerul Ui- gallantry, and, io J miliary, 1807, was retired
on thu full rank uf major-gem r.il in the I tegular Army.
BAPILAEL SE1IMES.
Boiw in Charles County, Md., September 27th, 1800;
became a midshipman in the United States Navy in 1S26 ;
was n volunteer ild to General Worth, in the. Valley of
JIe\icu, in 1*1? ; liecalne a .iiiinnari.l. r in l--j j. and -■■.rv-
tary of thu Ligbthouso Board from 19jO until 1801, resign-
ing in the latter year to aceep. a commL.-ioti in the Confed-
erate Xavy. lie obtained gnat notoriety by his eiploitaos
L-ommauder of the strain private..™ li'imtt r and Aliilnmn, in
capturing nnd hunting many American merchant vessels.
The Sumter, originally a Havana picket, ran tho blockade
at the mouth of the Mksk-ippi, June 30th, 1661, and de-
stroyed much Federal property before she was foreed into
tiuji altar, and there so cb"eljr watched by the United Pcolat
brought under his go rt, would runup tbn Confcderato flag
before boarding her. The majority of the prize* w*ro
plundered nnd then Ht afir> , in many instance* to serve as
decoys for other vessels to approach with the intention of
affording assistance. The crews would be taken aboard tho
Miilatiui, where they were sometimes long held, necwwnrily
in close confinement, liefore they could lie set nahorc and
paroled. In some few in-tam ■ - Scmmca demanded bond for
tho payment of the ealm uf t1ieca[iturcd vesacls and cargo,
to be redeemed after the termination of the Civil War, and
then released them. After the war. Captain Semmrs beenmo
a profesBor of moral philo-ophy in the State Seminary of
Alexandria, La., and in 180T was the editor of the Memphis
BaUdin. He frequently appeared as a lecturer, and in
1851-3 published two work.* on the Mexican War. Ho
wrote also the " CraLw of Ihe Alabama and Sumter -
and the -Log of Ihe Alabann" In 16U4 ; ■■.Memoir, of
Berrice Afloat during Ihe War between the States "in 18SB
Bodied in 1877.
'tuU) Of THJi OuuTiiUliKATi, L'HL\ 'ATJSJia ■■ ALABAMA," OAi'J.Al.\
JSS, IS WHICB WhBE CONM
LETTIHU DOWN WATER I
lOLb 0* im CwJflflfiDJiUATJi jflUVATUfilt ■■Af.AK.i.UA" CAMAUi b^iUIto, [N WHICB WEBB CONFINED THE 0**ICERs' AND CREWS 0* THE WHALERS AND MERCHANTMEN OAPT0RED BV THAT VESSEL
LETTING DOWN WATER TO THE PRISONERS IN IRONS.
404
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
If"
w
^wmy$m
TH£ SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
405
THh *ONb OF TOTERANL
aw THK
ITNITjeD STATES OF AMERICA.
Thu roatcrinl fur the following ontlino of tfio
TJgin, organization, purposes, progress and aims
jf tbu National Association, now so widely spread
and so well known under the above-named simple
ind highly appropriate officii J title, has been fur
oiahed by Comrade A. P. Davis, the originator oi
the Order, -with the assistance of Brother Frank
F. Merrill, the Cornm an der-in -chief of the Of
raiiization, and is approved by the- officers of tht.
Jttional Association.
The term "veteran" would indicate one > porpuiu favor. To (his end, dur-
ing Uk uHuVij ot NaveiulMt 1881, Davie Camp
COAT-UF-AliMS
ized in the vicinity of Pittsburg, and during tho
succeeding month of December a charter was ob-
tained from tho Com in on wealth of Pennsylvania,
which was not only good for and covered the whole
State, but under United States statute law was valio,
/n any State of the Union.
During the early part of the year 1883, sufficient
progress had been made in Pittsburg and vicinity
to fo.ui a Division Organization, with U.T.Rowley,
the senior officer of the Order, as its Commander ;
Henry W. Orth, Commander of Lieutenant James
M. Lj'slo Camp No. 3, located in Alleghany City, as
the second in command ; and John A. Woods, Com-
mander of Garfield Camp No. 3, located in McKces-
port, Alleghany County, ns the third in command.
While the foregoiris prioress was being made in
and about tho city of its birth, arrangements were
being made by Comrade Davis, and the Order was
being spread both East and West. It soon made
its way into tbo adjoining States, and in due lime
establishments with ^ cured in the same.
FKAKK P. irenniLL.
and they were duly organized as separate Division--
of tho Order. These labors were continued lor
some mouths, and during tho period Comrade
Davis discovered that, owing to the nmgr.iliido of
tho work, and through long-standing disabilities,
he was incapacitated for vigorously carrying on
tho same without more substantial support, cou-
pled with experience; and to secure the desired
aid, ho divided tho country into five Grand Divi-
sions, and solicited the co-operation and assistance
of prominent members of tuo Grand Army 01 tie
Repu bllo.
rompUlDCDl to Slojur
The results were ail that could be desired
Comrade Paul Yandervoort, Commander-in-chief ol
tbe Grand Army of the Bepubbo, developed a
kindly interest, and gave tho movement enconrage-
Comrade William E. W. Ross, of Baltimore,
Md., tbo Senior Vice Commander-in-chief, was in-
duced to take charge of and, as their Commander,
organize tho Second aud Fifth Grand Divisions; aud
Comrade Isaac S. Bangs, of Watcrville, Me., Junior
Vice Commander-in-chief, consented to porform a
like sorvico iu tho First Grand Division. Comrade
William J. Maakell. of Chicago, 111., prominently
known throughout tho Northwest as an native aud
earnest worker iu tho ranks of tho Grand Army ol
the Republic, offered to assume command, iind
organize tho Third Grand Division.
Tho Fourth Grand Division was placed in the
ctaargo of Comrade A. V. JJohn, of Leadvillo, Col.,
equally well known in Grand Army of tho Republic
circles in his State aud section of tho country.
Comrades Ross anil Bangs were particularly for-
tunate in their exertions to establish tho Order in
their ropective localities ; aud the time and means
which all of these gcntlomcn so freely gavo, and the
success and substantial results they secured, cntitlo
them to the lasting respect and grr.titude of each
and every Son of a Veteran.
In tho meantime, and prior to tho consummation
of the foregoing, it was decided that tho Order was
far encash advanced to hnvo a nominal hciy' -. Columbus, O.
7Hif Muttering <&m. Ma J. MBler, Trenton, N.J.
Ohaiiiin-ia-cJiisf, W. R Bycra. Columbus, O.
burgeon-general. Edwin ]i. Bennett, Ohfcngo, TIL
l/tajf Ordnance OJieer, Harvey .11. Burreil, Luidville, CoL
The business of tho meeting being completed, it
uiijourntu on tho evening of August 7th, to meet on
the c.'lII of the Commander-in-chief in tho City of
PJiiladelphia, Pa., during tho mouth of Augnst,
1884.
Ir. the foregoing, we have in brief outlined the
origr'n of the Order - itt- history and progress during
t'io first two years of its existence. From an humble
itart o? u single Hump of less than a dozen mem-
bers, wo have seen it grow and spread out to Divi-
sion or State organizations, und then to Grand
Division and National proportions, its progress
has in all directions b.nen steady and sure, and in
all ease;i its extent in and growth has been marked
by those features which indicate permanency and
iasting success.
In the short space of tirno named, a firm estab-
lishment has been secured in twenty-five (3ft)
Htutes and Territories of tho Union, having an
uetive run? growing membership of over seventeen
thousand; and, in short, the Order has been BO
kindly received, and is now so well seated and
firmly welded to tho interests of the old soldier ele-
ment, that it cannot, under its carofutly arranged,
full, and complete system, possibly weaken or hesi-
tate in its onward march.
The Grand Army of the Republic was conceived
amid the storms and clouds, tho trials and dangers,
of four long and weary years of civil strife. Bom
at the close o: the contest, it is now in the full
noontide hour of its power aud glory.
As time has passed on, and from yuar to year ita
members, from North to South and from ocean to
ocean, hu,ve, on the 30th day of May, gathered to-
gether aud wended their way to tho several places
where their dead comrades are laid at rest, and
have bedecked their graves with the brightest and
sweetest flowers of Spring, tho question has often
been asked. Who will observe these beautiful cere-
monies when we havo passed beyond ? Again, many
a thinking Comrade has studied long and deeply as
*o how bis children aud descendants could bo best
und permanently made to fally understand and
properly sustain the principles he fought for, and
Aiicrinced so much to maintain. The desiro to in-
struct those who ore to follow hira, and the people
88 a whole, so that, as citizens, they mny act con-
siderately and well, and at all times consult tho
cuminon welfare and good, has been strong in his
'mart, mid many an earnest prayer hao gone forth,
asking for some conclusion that would meet the
present requirements and provide for tho future.
In t'ao udvuut of tho Sons of Veterans oi the
Duited States of America, it is believed that the
hope and wish of so many Comrades of the Grand
iriiiv of the Republic bis been amply answered.
Having processus* htu- far, we will, bj request,
now presei t a few of tbe more important and
peculiar featorea of tho Organization, as the same
appear in ita organic laws and other written work,
commencing with the articles on title, principles
and objects:
7m.
Tli Li Association shall be known as (be Ban* q[ Veteran* of
Oie United State* of Ameriea.
Section 1. A Ann belief and mist id Almighty God, nnd
n realization that unihr Hi- 1-ncliicni guidance llie f""i in-
stitutions of our land- consecrated by the services una blood
of our Fathers- have been preserved, und lilt integrity "fid
life of tlio nation maintained.
Suction- 2. True allegiance (o (be Government of Ibe
Unil.-d States of Aim Hoi. based upon a respect for nnd do
volion und fidelity In its Cnnsliliiliuu uad Laws, manifested
by the discoun tenanting oE anything (but mny (end to
weaken Loyalty, iiu •!•■ to Insurn-i limi, Tri-.nnn "r Hclnlli.in,
or In uny mnnn>T inipiur lilt i.fll' itney and [>eniianen(.'y of
our nTatbmal Union.
March.
Sectios 1. To keep green the mtmorf-s of our Fathers,
and their fiurificcs for Ibe inninlcnance of Ibe Union.
Settiok 3, Tn aid iln; nieniln'M uf llie (imnd Army of tho
Repuouf in the ejirinj,' for their helpless and disabled Vet-
erans; to extend nid and protection to thei.- widows nnd
orptmnn ; In p-^rpetiiiile the memory unit history of tbeir
hemic dukl, und tbu propel observance uf Meuiuhul Day.
worthy and needy members
Skctios 3. To old and
of our Order.
liKCTloS i. To hiinTi ill- piirioii-in and love of country,
nut only anion; our uiemberahip. but amoii; u!l the people
of our land, und lo spriMil and sustairi tin dnelrine of cquul
rights, universal liberty, and justico to all.
Ifoi'ibcrMp.
FtnsT Class. - The wins, not less than eighteen year* of
age, of deceased or hononbly di-j liMrjnl sotdiera. Sailors, Or
murines, who mthiI in 'be Union Army nr Nuiy during tho
Civil War of lWll-'i, wlmll be elij/iblu to membership in the
Piret Clnsa ; also, upon altiuninj; tlic prescribed age, the
eldest llneiil male JisninlnritH of deo :L-til members of (be
First Class, and If there arc no descendants, male or female,
then the male heirs of such ikien-d niembcrs in the col-
Interal branches of iL'ir tamlllel iu the order of genealogical
succession uccording lo tbe rules of descent
SscolfD Ci.ass.- Tbe eldest sona of llvln- members of tho
First Chua, not less than eighteen yems oE ago, eholl be
eligible to membership Ln tbo Second Ci'MS, and upon the
duith of a member of the First Class, tnrough whom eligi-
bility U derived, a member of the Second Class shnll become
a member of tho First Class.
Tnrnn Class. - Tlic eldest sons of living rnembere of tho
Second Class, not less than eighteen years of ago, shall ho eli-
gible to membership in (he Third Class, and upon the doth
or udvanu2n£n£ tn tho First Clnst, of a OMBPJmT of the
$■ , ,i.l i'Isj- lhr.-n^li 7-L-ii, . Ii^il-.lii, i .l,ni.;-), a n,'a>
ber of tho Third Class ihall become a inembcr of the Sec-
ond Class.
Tbe several Constituted Bodies of the AancWloti sbnD
be as follows :
First - Of subordinate organizations, tnown as Camps )
eneb Camp to have an, uppropinie nkmu nod auninci, pro-
viding, howrrwcT. tnnt no two Ciunpsi.. lJO fame Dituuo"
■^liall ho allowed to uso the *umo noma nnd number.
Second- Of Stata orpnilzallons ' ■.■■■■■-u jI'umk-.v oro
vtdinji, bowtrver, that the St'ite cri Feunsjlvuuhi shidl be
divided Into Eastern and Western Divisions, ln accorthuio
with an agreement r.m. luil.-l betw.-v'n repnwntntives of eacli
Division ; and that all that portion oE (be State east of the
eastern boundaries of (he couuties of Potter, Clinton, Conlre
Hantington, nnd Fulion, shid] comprise (be IJtstem Dlvj-
Fion ; and nil that p;irt of tbe State west of the western
boundaries of Tin.aii, Lycomtng, Union, Mililin, Juniata, nnd
Franklin, sba.. -ompriso the Western Division ; and that tho
established bo unaary- lines shall not heTOifier bo altered oi
changed except at tho request oi tho two Divisions, mode In
due form lo llie Com m and cry -in-chief.
Third- Of five Grand Divisions as tho same nre hereiDtu'ta
defined iiiid bounded.
Fourth - Of the Coram ami ry-in-ebfef.
Gilvkd DivTaioNs - Constiitjctios. - The different Gmnd
Divisinns shall be made up and con'-lnii"! as follow; The
first will bo composed of Maine, Now Ilamp-hirc, Vermont.
Massachusetts, Ulimle Island and Connecticut. The second,
r.f New Yi.rk, X. v .1. - ■ , I - ' - V .■,-vhani.i. Ohio
West Virginia. Maryland Di-tricl nf Cluniliia, and Virginia
Tho third, of Illinois Indiana. Mi. hijm. ffw oii-in, .Mimic
sola, lown, Kvntmkv, Missouri, ICaurjvs, Nebraska run;
Dakota. Tin- i-nrtli. oi t\dif"ni! , G.vgon, Washington,
Moatana, lVyomin : Xevnda, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, Arl-
tona 1 Now Mi \n ■■ T'ie liflh, of North Carolina, Sout:
Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alubcain, HlssissJooi
Loui-ian-i. Arkansas. Indiiui Territnr- mil TcTns.
CojtJtASBKiiv-is-rniEP - Powr.ns and Adthoiu'. ■ -The
Commanderv in rider shall be the supremo soaroe ! pow.
fur tho Sons n[ Veterans, nnd under its compleio and con
i'1'iilnitiil aiilhnrity - Imll tiniko all needful rules and regulr
tions tn iu-iire a uniform system in all things, und the pel
mnneney a^^ snllnucn iiuccnss of tho Order throughout the
wholu country. To this end, no form of government, either
general or local, shall be cocsidensl ns legally csmbllflhoc
until the same has Iteen sulmiitlnl to and duly approved by
the Commandery, at n stutid ymrly mil ling of tho uame.
The Ciitnmruii1' -y slnil, Ibmugli its proper olliccrs, irom
time to lime publish all mn - n , nnlers. and give all do
t.iil '1 i'i "■ ■■■rn mc.--.siiry lo iminlain uniformity, and foi
the information and guidnscn f all concerned, and shah
make it lis especial duty to sec that in nil tho dillereal
brunches cf tho Order the sa aro faithfully and fully com
plied with.
HtV.qvin and Potitia.
The Order being strictly non-soolnrlan and non-politlci.:,
tho intrraiuetion or discussion of sectarian or political topied
Is strictly prohiliiinl, under jftialty of n line, suspension, or
expulsion from the Order.
[tdnll u iin special duty of Qui Comiaanderjr-ln-cnlcf to
bci- 1)i i! tin- t inli r ('ill) iDiiini.iius lor all , inning lime, and In
all respects, its eliiins of being a strictly n,
Application* for Ojjko.
No olUccr or past officer of the Order shall, under any di
cumstanccs, nlllx his E • 1 1 i i . i : Ђ I signature to any recommends.
don or upph'eation for a political position or of a political
Rdief Fundi.
A ItclleE Fur, J for tho asabtanoo of needy soldlem, s.'dlors
and marines, a.d tho widov/s and orphans of deceased sol
diers, sailors ami uiirin, ■■-. shall be i.-iablisln d by each Camj,,
mid any donations lo this fund shall be held sacred lor such
purposes.
Cbatvf.arm*.
The following Instructions for painting llie cont-of-urmsol
the Order shall bo strictly adhered to :
Shield - Tbe field is white j two sabres crossed, poinds up,
In proper colors, ensigued by e wreath of laurels, green ; On
a chief mure { heraldic blue colult); the rising sun, gold ; in
tbe disk Ibe monogram S. V. iu vermilion ; on the while
field, arrange thirteen stars of five points, us in tho cut. In
vermilion.
Supporters- On tho right, n soldier In fatigue uniform
(Without anus) of 1601-5, vie..: dark-blue blouse, lighl-blue
pants. Zouave cap, cross and wnfil Kits of brown leal her.
On the bucklo tho letters U. S. On tlic left a sailor- navy-
blue shirt nod ]' mis, 1,1 1, k .-ill; net ki l" ind regal a! if in-tjip
Crest - An ene;le (Aniirii-in ) mi risks in proper colors.
Tho scroll containing tho mottoes are r.'hitc, shaded at lbs
ends with crimson lake; letters block i tbu ornniutnia bor
dcring the shield, and under the sauio, of gold ; tho flags,
naval und military, with cannon and muskets, ell in their
propoi places nnd colors.
Beer*.
The soils oE Ibe Commamn.-. , -in -chief, the several Grant
Divisions and Divisions, of ilit- 1 Inhr, "hull consist of llie ful
cnat-of-urms of the Older, surrounded, for the CominnndcTv
with (ho words: Command cry- in -chief Sons of Vclomns,
United Stoles of America ; for the Grand Divisions, will tin
words: Grard DivWoo. Sous of Veterans. United
Btates of America ; and for the several Divisions of tlio
the words ; Division Sons of Veterans,
ted .-M
!Of s
Tho Camp seals shall consist of the crest of the coat-of-
arms, surrounded by thirteen stars, and under tho roll shall
oppear, in Romun numerals, the year of tho organuatioo
Of the Order (to wit, 1881). ThowhoIoshnUbeeurrounded
with the words: Camp No. Sons of Veterans- and tho
location, town, or city und iJtaia, ebuii o" &dded to tbe same.
j\jS
THE SOLPrER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
IjJIM M
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR.
409
UrnroiAi. Motto, Km. - The :.atit. motto,
" Qnilia Dei ServalUB," which appears on the
(Joat-of-arma of the Order, iU Bronze lleda], etc.,
reads, when translated into English, "Preserved by
Hi" special favor of Gad."
The- eontitnont is so entirely appropriate, and it
meets the requirements of the case to folly, that it
was moot cordially received from the start.
On the bar of the Medal or Badge of general
membership in the Order, and above the eagle on
the crest of tlio Coat-of-arms, appears in a scroll the
Latin phrase, "Filii Veteranorum." which ia bIbo
expressed under the term, ".Son of a Veteran."
The liadgo in constructed of fine bronze metal,
and is pendent from Ihe bronze bar by n tri- colored
ribbon of red, white and bine.
The ciial-of-arms. includm;; mottoes, and all of
Hie foregoing, as well as the iron cross,* buttonhole-
dccoral.ion, and other decorative honors, and various
riliboiis uf (ho Order, are all from suggestions and
designs prepared by Comrade Davis, and tho same
were, after elaboration by Messrs. Bailey. Banks and
Biddlo. of Philadelphia, Pa., in due form legally
adopted. They are all neat, compact in propor-
tions I outline, and, in general appearance, are
Kpouinlly attractive nnd suitable to the wants of the
Order.
CAMP Ckkkmonihs.- The camp ceremonies are
all simple ami beautiful in form, as well as highly
-ip- aaiva and appropriate in their nature.
no further business to come before the Camp, tre it niay On Umt snob, will be tn* .v.^-, and that the
will proceed to close." The Chaplain then asks the Sons of Vewrans will become the great military or-
blessings of God on the del ibe rat inns of the even- ganization of the country. It may be that the diro
ing, the Doxology is song, and the drums softly necessity may arise in which they would feci
roll. The Commanding Ofliccr then closes the obliged as an organization, nnd not as individuals,
Camp in due form, and the olliecre and members to resort to arms; nnd still such 0 conclusion was
never reached in tho minds of those who are en-
titled to so much respect and credit for their
exertions to establish the Order on a firm, durable
Not as a military conization, bnt as the great
civil military society of tho country, it is to bo
hoped, nnd it is believed, that the Sons of Veterans
will long exist, possibly while tho life of (be nation
As such, and as a peaceful, unarmed association,
they can work no harm, and can accomplish much
for tho common good.
It is not impossible that, in the dim fnture, and
as the wheel of time turns around, there will, in one
section of tho country or another, bo found those
who, to suit the wishes of n faction or locality, or to
advance their own personal ends, will attempt to
ignore tho legal authorities under which we live,
and destroy our national compact.
In tho event that such an unfortunate conclu-
sion should be reached, may wo nnt bopo and be
lieve that tho Sous of Veterans will, as a great non-
politicnl and non-scctarinn mural power and forcti,
leavening and gnickoning the whole, riso up in
The hour of meeting having arrived, the com-
maudlin: ullii-er assumes bis seat, the Camp bugler
sounds tho usual call, the drummer beats an appro-
priate air, and tho officers and members take their
respective stations. The commanding officer then
satisfies himself that all present are entitled to re-
main. This being accomplished, the established
opening prayer is rendered by tho Chaplain, and
the following nymn is sung :
retire to then respective homes. The mnstcr of
recruits, the installation 'if olliier-. and other Camp
ceremonies, are each and nil marked by original
and highly interesting features.
The reader will now have, in a general way, a
very clear view of the Urdor as it now exists. From
all of tho foregoing it must not he gathered that
the coarse of the organization has been wholly one
that has not been beset by obstacles, for such has
not been the ease. As the Order spread out from
its central point, it soon dovelopcu and mot with
opposing elements and influences, who were both
anxious and determined that their peculiar views
and wishes should prevail. Fortunately, by prudent
and judicious treatment and management, these
and many other minor obstacles and difficulties
have been most happily overcome, and harmony
and unity of action to all practical intents is new
substantially secured.
It has been suggested that wo outline and picture
the future of the Order. In approaching this sub-
ject, we do so with some hesitation. In all events
of more than ordinary importance, and especially
in those of the character in hand, it is difficult to
luck far ahead, and to define what time will bring
forth. Various hopes Imvo heon indulged in, and
various opinions have been expressed.
From one standard authority we quote as follows :
" Major A- P, Davis lias buildc-d wiser llifin lie knew
Tlie Sons of Vet< runs is drained to bi-rnme (lie grcnt mili-
I a ry organ i/11 lion <>[ I lit" enuniry, while nt I he same *ime Ms
devotees, the American youth, will be permeated with flint
love of oar country, thai gloiy in its supremacy, that thrill-
ing of Ihe fiensi-s when in National hymns lire BUng, that
none others not thus reared can know or feci. Through ihis
oreanizniien Hie declining days of Ihe Union veteran will tic
I bless 0
- native U
Tin
ugiis
night
Waco the wild tempests rave,
tiu'.'r of wind and wave,
Do ;bou our country save
iiy thy great niigbt I
Dbdub. - Tho drums then softly roll, and tae
commanding officer iu duo form declares the Camp
open for the transaction of such business as may
legally and properly como beforo it.
Tho regular order of business is then proceeded
with. This having been gone through with, and
tho commanding officer having previously ascer-
tained that no Brother has anything more to offer
for tho good of the Order, states that, " there being
THE [BOH CB068.
IIM.-.I. .■Illlll.-.l
y l.,il
auction. Each branch la
Bttnchal totlio Decoration. Tho made plcaotnt. bin record nf
l.'ru.. mVl ■■■■'! "t.ir rcrv Imirv In!', ill"! UJ pnavntuUon Hw
to bo tMte .o.-J upon certain nam who mar. "byipKic
""daVrd(lfl 0 tfc prindjitu ant/ o6Jtc/"
s at tho Orfcr. who
In hLs country prcwrved,
houom), patriotism promoted, while, if the dire
necessity ot the Nation should demand, the Sons of Vet-
erans, uuifunau), drilled, am! eqai(jjnii, would tome at once
lo her defense wilh tho glory of Iheir fellicrs surrounding
them, cadi liesrt jmlsaiins in unUnn with the firing nnd foil*
!%w '"£ of tue Nation's emblem ■ nod whe wonW t* wvertu' to
ortVBil again* 9UOC 3 host I*
their union and strength, and proclaiming a hal^
say : •' Stop ! No, you may do as you icilL You
may legislate as you can, out if you dn aught toward
Wotting out from among the nations of f/ie earth tin.
Union our fathers risked life and limb lo save,
wo will rally to its support, and save it from th<
Vandal hands of all who are raised against it ami
seek Us destruction,"
Whatever may como in the future, the present it
all bright and clear, and wo are a happy, united
people.
With their principles and objee(3 constantly be-
fore them, the Sons of Veterans, with gathering
numbers, will niovo forward and onward, perform-
ing with prudence and consideration tho obliga-
tions which devolve upon them, and fulfilling thu
miRsion which the Rulor of all things has in His
forethought and wisdom marked out for them.
Note.- The foregoing article traces the history of the
Sons of Veterans from their birth up to about January 1st,
1KS4. Since then steady mid, e-jwdnlly of laic, mpld pra-
gma bus lieen nuide. and al Ihe present (lute (July 1st, 168-i.)
Ihe Order has a membership in good standing of over 21, WW.
The First Grand Division was pcrmnncnily nij.rnnizi.it by
Comrade Hangs, of Maine, December 87th, 1&SS, nt Man
Chester, M. H., and Frank II. Challii, of that city, was duly
elected Commander. Comrnde Hoo. of Maryland, will per
tn.meuily organize the rx\-ond (j^nid Division nt Phila-
delphia, I'm., August 26th, nod at Unit date be will retire as
Provisional Commander. The Thinl Grand Division will be
l-Tiniiii'Tiily org-.uii/j.it iiy CoinmiaidiT Michel I nt I lii.ago.
111., July Hth, and a Son of a Veteran will thea lie elected tc
awume command [I Is proposed !o establish permanent
organizations in Ihe niiir future In the Fourth and Fifth
Grand Divisions, and action looting in this direction will lie
taken al the nest meeting of tho Commander}* in- eh icf,
which L= to be held in Pliilndelphia, Pa., August 27th. The
Order is now, lo all pracileal iitenls and pnrposis. In the
hands ot tlie young men who make up its membeiahip, and
at no period In Its cristencf *;nvi 'ie Drosrttcts hron mo™
ungQl and tktaiinii
THE SOLDIER IN OUR CIVIL WAR
INDEX
ILLUSTRATIONS.
VOL. X-
A-
ftoddi-n! in the Ohio and Mississippi
Adams' Express Company's OIBoe, re-
ceiving soldiers' letters and packages
itJ*ialic, Fired upon while bearing Fine
of True.
liken. U S. Revenue Cutter .
Alabama, or "290." decoying nhips bj
burning - tee vessel, 31)9; Prisoners
confined In bold o( 403-408
AleiandriaCamp.Wasldngton.D.C. 164-167
Allen. Colonel J. W., Death of.' 304
Allen, J. H., Portrait 207
Anderson, Robert, Portrait of 40
Antietain, BaLtlo of, Centre and Right
Wing of McClelWa Anny, Septem-
ber 17th, 1863, BB6-387 ; Charge of
Hawkine' Zouaves, 330-387; Born.
side's Dirision carrying liriil|;e No. 8,
301 ; Hooker's Division fording the
Creek, 393 ; Collar of Kroner Man-
sion, 3G0 ; Confederate Cavalry driving
back stragglers and skulkers, 308;
Killing Cava used as a place of rofugo
during the battle, 308; Plana of tho
Battlefield 400,101
Aquia Creek, Attack upon Confederate
Batteries... 83
Asboth, General A. S,, and Staff at Pea
Ridge, Ark 253
Assay Office, Sew York City 141
B.
Bacon's Creek, Ey., Re-biiildirm Bridge
over .217
Badges of the Order of Tim Sous of
Veterans . .... 409
Bailey, Theodoras, Landing m Nuw Or.
loans with Flag of True... 2fl"; Pur.
trait. 801
Baker, Edward Dickinson, Portrait, 149 ;
Dentil of. 103
Bakery, Tho Great National. M Wiu.li.
Ington, D.C. -.. 348
Ball's Bluff, Plan of Iho Battle. 149;
Death of Gouural E. D. Dakcr 152
Banks' Division Rcodim-!!. r.ng. mar
Hyattstowu, Md lul
Banks, General N. P. and StoO'. 102-108 ;
Incident in W arch through Maryland,
109; Taking Possession. .f Winchester,
Va., 321 ; Crossing the Potomac 320
Bales, Edward, Portrait 14-15
Battery on Elk Ridge, along thu Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad 71
Battle of Aniletam, Centra and Right
Wing of McClcllan's Army, Septem-
ber 17th, 1882, 336-387 : Charge o(
Hawkins' Zouaves. 830-387; Dam-
aide's Division carrying Bridge, No. 3,
391 i Hookers Division fording the
Creek, 393 , Cellar of Kretier Man-
sion, 306 ; Confederate Cavalry driving
back stragglers and skulkers, 398;
Killing Care used as a place of refuge
during the battle, 398 ; Plans of the
Battlufiflid .... 400,401
"attlo of Ball'B Blnfl 149
Battle of Belmont, Mo 171-173
dattle of Big Be . ,'. 83 ; Bl
Battle of Bull nun, (The First), 104, 106,
101,100, 164; {The Second), 879-370, 881
Battln of Carrick's Ford, Ve 9(i
Until, of Cedar Mountain 364. 365, 370
Battle of Charles City Roads 338
Rallies along the Cblckahotniny 354-355
Battle of Cross Keys, 328, 330
Battle of Drnncsvlllo
Battle or Gaines' Mills 35S
Battle of Hanover Court House
(tattle- or Malvern Hill. .. .340-347 ; 370-371
Untile .if Mill Spring 222-223
Battle of ntumfiudavllle
Battle of Ook Hill ...114-116
Bnltteof Pea Ridge 188-137
lluttluof E'hilippl.. 84, 83
Battle of Pittsburg Landlna, 25-1, 203,
284, 2115, 200-207, 208, 269, 270, 271,
273, 273, 27-1-275 230
Bnllleof Port Republic 830-331
Buttle of Port Royal 177
llatlloiif Rich Mountain 93-09, 100
Battle of Roanoke Island 202-203
Bonis of Romnoy SG-87, 8'J
Bnltlu or Savage's Station 302-303
Battlu or Secession vi lie 334-385
Baltlo of Second Bull Run 378-379 ; 381
Battle of Sbarpsbu.g, Centra and Right
Wing of McClcllan'a Army, Septem-
ber 171li, 1802, 380-397 ; Charge of
Hawkins Zouaves. 386-387; Burn-
Hide's [>iyi*ion carrying Bridge No, 3,
Hill; Hooker's Division fording the
wreck. 392; Cellar e-f Kretier Man-
sion, 300; Confederate Cavalry driving
buck stragglers and skulker, 393;
Killing Cave used as a plsceol efuge
during tbu battle, 308; Plans of the
Battlefield 400,401
Bottle of Shlloh....SS5i, 203, 304,265,
200 287. 20B. 280. 270. 271. 272, 273,
274-275 2S0
Battle of Slaughters' Mountain 302-303
Battle, of South Mountain 303
Bolt 1 White Oak Swamp 342-3*1
Battle of Willis Church 358-359
Balllunf Williamsburg 310
Bnllloof Wilson's Creek, or Oak Hill,
near Springfield, Mo 112, 114-115
Baltlo of Winchester. 323-323
H.V.ngteu.Yn.. Engagement at 91
Beaufort, S, C, General I. 1. Stevens
taking possession of. 184 ; Skirmish
near ll.o town 185
Beaufort, S. C, Scene In the Military
Market 18S
Beauregard, P. O. T,, Portrait of 41
Beauregard Fort. Interior View of 180
Beef Depot at Washington, D. C. . . 168-15
Belmont, Mo. , dattlo of. 171-17
Beoham. Henry Yi-.. Portrait 33
Berdans Rifleman. Trial of skill before
McClellan and Staff, 138-139 ; " Cali-
fornia Joe." 35
Big Bethel, First Battle of the War. 88 ;
Ptno of Battle. CI ; Dnryea's Zouaves
carrying Lieutenant Greble's body
from the field 0
Big Bethel, Vs., General McCtellau's
Headquarters . .. 30
Big Bethel and Yorktow^, Federal Army
between 31
Birds Point, Mo., Embarking troops ot. 220
ttlalr. Muo-iioaierT, Portrait 14-15
Blenkor, Louis, Portrait £35
Bins Etidga Pass, Md., Federal chnrge
and Confederate rout 385
Blue Ridge Pass, Md., View from the
National Road 338
Bow c ii. Major, Attacked by thu Confed-
erates at Salem. Mo. 221
H<:il lbnuney, Virginia, tbe
Eleveatb Indiana Zouaves Crossing
tho Potomac 80-87
Engagement at Bealington, Vo. 04
Eric-son, John, Portrait 245
Excitement at Covington, Ky., Gather-
ing of armed citizens 373
Explosion of ii Confederal" Magazine
near Fredericksburg 303
F.
Fairfax Court Boiw. V". United States
Cavalry Scouting HO
Funny, fj. S. Propeller. Capture of... . 120
Fungal, David G.. Portrait 301
Fascines and Gabions. M"klug of 2 ID
Federal Hill, Baltiiiiuiu 73
Federal foraging j.ini.n, near Annan-
da lo Chapel, Va. 130
Federal Troops foraging lo Ulaaonri. .. 163
Federal Troops rebuilding Bridge oner
Bacon's Creek, Ky 217
Federal Troops landing lo Kentucky, 164
Federal Squadron passing Form Jaekaon
and St. Philip DO*
Federal Picket Boat allocked ly Confed-
erate Bliurpshoot'TH near Fi-rr.nndioa,
Fla 352
Federal Troops maioblng through IVi-
nandina, Fla. 333
Field-oveos of tho Ntoeln-uth N. Y.
Volunteers 101
First Massachusetts Regiment, Cbovgo
of, nt Yorktown 813
Firo Raft, sent from Fo;i Jackson 804
First Regiment Ohio Volunteer* Oi-d
Into by a Masked Battery near Vien-
na, Va so
Firat Michigan Regimeot. at Alexandria,
Vn 103
First Iowa Begiiueot. Char-e of. at bat-
tle of Wilson's Crook 113
First New Jersey Brigade, going to sup.
port of General Kearny 345
First Regiuiunt SojtUCarotloa (Colored)
Volunteers, Dress Patsdo nt Rllloa
Head, S. C. 310
Pint South Carolina Perioral Volunteers,
(Colored) at Hilt-n D ;ad, 330 j Taking
tbuGnthof Alltg.auco 300
Flagof theCoufeder.ry • 10
Fluff of Fort SumW SO
Plag the Palmetto 10
Floating Battery, Scone, on. During lku j-
barduient of Fort Sumter ...
Foot, A. H. Portrait. 223
Fort Beauregard, Interior View of 180
Porta dark and Haiti ra>. Genera] View
of, 118, 131 j Bomlfflfdinoot of. 122-123
Porta nt Craney Island. HL.no L'p by
Cuinmodoro Goldsborough 810
Furt Donelson, Charge of the 8th Mis-
souri and the lltb Indiana Regiments,
230; Confederate Prisoners Captured
at, 237; Charge of the 2d Iowa Regi-
ment, 238-239; Gallant Charge of tbe
17th, 4Slb, nnd 4Btb Illioois Begi-
monts . .254-3,35
Fort Henry. Plan or, 227; Bursting of
42-pound Gun 230-231
Furt linger. Bringing In Confederate
Prisoners 210-21 1
Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Passage of
Second Division, 202 ; First Day's
Bombardment, 2!h4 ; Sketch of Nam!
Engagement, 305; Discharge of ian.pt.
upon the Irorpiou, 300; Disguise of
Federal Vessels, 303; Sendinrrof Fire-
raft from 304
Fort Lafayette, Sew York Harbor 178
Fort Macon, Firing (inns, Mortar Prru-
ticc, 10-inch Mortal Battery, 280;
Sighting the Mortar; Surrender of tho
Fort 201
Fort Moultrie. Exterior View of, 17;
S|Hkiug tbe Guns, 22 ; Evacuation of.
2C-2T; Review olSoutb Carolina Vol-
unteers in, 30-31 ; Interior View of. . 37
Fort Norfolk (old) 310
Forts on tho Mississippi Being Passed by
the U. S, Fleet 303
Fort Pickens, Santa Rosa Island, 45;
Relief of' by U. S. Fleet 40-47
Fort Powhatan, U. S. Mall Boat Pass-
ing Con fed e rule Buttery at 340
Fort PulaakI ,281, 284, ESS, 2D0-291
Furl Uuiiyon. S.nrrloiiir Waynsut Gate
of 12,3
Fort Sumter, Raising the Flag by Major
Anderson, 21: Uotulnrduient of. 34-35;
Flag of, SO; View of Interior after
tbe Bombardment, 49; Demonstra-
tions at Charle.-ti.on during ibe Bom-
bardment of 43
Fort Walker, Landing of U. S. Troops
nt 160, 174-175, 170, 178, 179
Forging Work, ."or the gun-carriages at
tho Watervliet Arsenal, Troy. N. T... 63
Forwylh, John, Portrait 18
Fortress Monroe, Drumming out thieves
from, 127 ; Reception of wounded sol-
. 340
Franklin, William B.. Portrait 301
Frederick City, McClellau and his nnny
passing through in pursuit • ■! [he Con-
federates 300
Fremont'n Bodyguard, Obarge of, at
Spr- igfield, Mo.. 15C ; Dragoon's Kit-
chen 1CI
Fremont. John Charles, Portrait 157
in. ".".!. General, March from Tipton
to Warsaw, 162 ; Headquarters at
Mount Jackson, Virginia 327
Frouionte Hussars lording the Osage
Rlvi
Fremont's Division crossing the Sbenan-
Mb, id pursuit of " Stonewall " Jack-
. 162
I -.
Army mnrcblug Ibmugb tho
noi-da In pursuit of tbe Confederates,
337 ; on lis march up tho Shenandoah
Valley 3
Krout Royal, Federal Army entering tbe
town 3
Funeral Cortege, nt Boston, Mass.
Gaines Milts, Battle of. 358-35D
Galvmt..n. Texas, Shalllngof Batloriesat 137
Bold, .lames A., Portrait 217
or i[ McGowen addressing South Car-
ma Volunteers in front of the Chnr-
stoo Hotel 20
General Bosecraos and Staff. 134
Ocneral Banks In Western Maryland,
Incident in tho march of 100
General View of Forti Hatteras and
Clark ._ 118; 121
Georgetown, D. C, General Hospital at, 103
Girardeau Cape, occupied by Federal
Troops 108
Gold sboro ugh, Louis M., Portrait, 201;
lowing up Forts nt Craooy Island... 310
man, Willis Arnold, Portrait 300
l-'i Niiy Yard, Norfolk, Va., Burn-
log of 02-88
lliioso Creek, Bridge over, destroyed by
Confederates 300
Governor, U.S. Steamer. Marines rescued
by tbe 0. 8 Frigate Sioino 120
Qmtrnor Uwrc, Confederate Gunboat,
angaglog TJ. 3. Gunboat Farunu 207
adlno, A., Portrait 244
Grafton, Va., View ef MoClellan's Head-
iiuiirtera 88-8r
Grant, General, Bovlyguard passing over
MayGeld Bridge 22"
Grand Review of General Thomas' Bri-
cjaJein Maryland 102
Graves of Federal fori-"s killed at Port
Boyal 1B8
'Jreble, Lieutenant John T" Carried
from the Field of Big Bethel 01
Group ol Colored Men who Captured
tbe Confederate Steamer Planter 2-14
Group of Ellsworth's Chicago Zouave
Cadets 73
Ouardhooueat Langley, Vn 201
iinn|>o'.n|er Hridu't", burning of 60
Guns and Ammunition Shipped from
Wulervliet Arsenal ,. 51
H.
Hall, Lieutenant, with Flag of Truce to
Governor Pickens 24
Hall, Norman J., Portrait. 24
llalleck, Henry Wager, Portrait 2-13
Hampton Roads. Naval Battle at 246-247
Hampton. Vn , Evacuatlou of 117
Ho no Var Court House, Plan of the Bat-
tle 341
!liir jut's Pi-Try, I)n ruing of Arnenal at,
04 ; Confederate Battery at 304-305
Harrisonburg to Pjn Republic. Bnlile
on tbo Road from 330-331
', Vs.,
35(1-351 ; Headquarters of General
Bulturfiuld, 2.32 ; Lincoln and McClel-
lan at 300
Hardee. William J., Portrait 265
Harper's Ferry, Confederate Battery
at 391-305
Harvey Birch, Buroing of by the Prira-
leer Kadatfle in tho British Channel, SOB
Hatlerua, D. S. Fleet Off tbe Cape in a
Btonu. 204
Hnttorns Island, and ChiciiuiiLcouiico.N.C. 121
Hatteras aud Clark, Forts. View of, 118,
121; Bombardment of, 122-123;
Camp of the 20th Indiana Regiment, 124
Hawkins" N. Y". Zouaves, Recruiting for
tho 65
Hawkins, Rush C, Portrait 121
llayno, I"aac W" Portrait 25
Hay no, Paul H., Portrait. 43
Hay aud Straw Department, Washing-
ton. D. C 138-159
Headquarters of General Butterfield, Har-
rison's Landing, James River 352
Henry, Fort, Plan of. aud its Approaches,
227 ; Bursting of a 42-ponad Gun. 230-231
Herron, F. J., Portrait 853
Hidden, Harry B., Portrait 322
Hill, Ambrose P., Portrait 307
HiltOD Head, Map of, 1S1 ; Morning De-
tail, 4th New Hampshire Volunteers
going to work, 100; Government
works at, 13G-I8I; 218-210; View of
Formications; 200-201 ; Dress Parade
of 1st South Carolina Colored Regi-
ment 336
Hooker, Joseph, Portrait 303
Hon-ox swung overboard for Santa Ross.
Island 43
Horao DejMit, near Washington .... 15S-150
Bnger, Furt, Bringing iu Confederate
prisoners 210-211
Hunter, David, Portrait 280
Hjutlstown, Md., Bivouac of tbe officers
of tbe 12th Massachusetle Regiment.. 193
I.
Incident of General Banks' March in
Maryland 109
ludimis, Delaware. Acting us Scouts for
tbe Federal Army In the West 410
Indignities Shown a Massachusetts Ed-
itor 145
Indiana Volunteers, Tho Burial of 101
/rw/uifw.U.S. S., Bursting ol n Shell on, 300
Island To. 10, Bight Expedition to, 240;
U. B. Transport, IP". B. Terry. Push-
ing Her Way Through the Swamps,
20*2; Night Bombardment of, 250;
Night Attack on March 18th, 1862,
258-250 ; Bombardment of, 258-250 ;
Surrender of Confederate Forces at
TipLonvllle 30G-307
Jackson, Thomas J. " Stonewnll," Com-
mencement of Great Flunk Movement,
378-370; Portrait of 3S3
Jackson and St. Philip, Porta,
202, 234, 205, 300, 302, 304
James Island, S. C, Repulse of the Con-
federate troops, 334-335 ; Charge of
the 3d Rhode Island Reujmeut at 337
Jamtgt&iin Merrimack, and Twdmor^
Confederate vessels, engaging the
MoiUUv and Federal Frigates. . . 246-24".
Jeffers, William N., Portrait 240
Johnson, The Deserter 194-105
K
Kearn- Philip, Portrait 367
Kouly, uohu K., Portrait 833
Key us, General, Division crossing the
Cbkkanoiainy River 818
Kimball. E. A., Portrait 207
King, Rufus, Portrait 365
L.
Lafayette. Fo rt. New York Harbor 173
Landing of 1 roops nl tho Naval Acad-
erry, Annapolis, Md 68
La_il!ig of United States Troops at Fort
Walker 100
Lauding Federal Troops in Kentucky. . 16 I
Lane, James H., Portrait 129
Leflorte, Marshall, Portrait 57
Lexington, Mo., Siego of 130-131
Licking Bridge, Cynthiana, Ky.. Fight
at... 37i
Lighthouse nt the entrance lo Charleston
Harbor, S. C. 25
Lighter with Supplies for shipment by
Lilllo.Ccmp 157
Lincoln, Abraham Frontispiece.
Lincoln, Abraham, Members of his first
Cabinet 14-1,3
Lincoln and Cabinet reviewing Cavalry,
146-147
Lincoln, President, with General McClel-
lao, at Harrison's Landing 350
Louunana, D. S. Steamer, Scene on 154
Lyon, General Nathaniel, death of, 116;
Portrait of 117
M.
Macon, Fort, Firing on, 200; Shelling or,
261 ; Surrender of, nnd lowering the
Confederate Flag 381
Machine Designed to Destroy the Dniled
States Flotilla in the Potomnc. Ill
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 310-347 ; Gun-
end Hooker Engages tho Confede-
rates. . .370-371
Manassas Junction, after Its Evacuation
by tho Confederate Army 308
Mansfield, J. K. F., Portrait 393
Map of the Battle of Antietam. or Sharps-
burg 40t
Map of the Battle of Balls Bluff 149
Map of tho Battle of Belmont, Mo 171
Mnpof tbe Battle of Big Bethel 81
Map of the Buttle of Bull Run, 1st.. . . 100
Map of the Battle of Bull Run, 2d 381
Map of the Battle of Hanover Court
House, Va. 341
Mop of the Battle of Pench Orchard,
Pittsburg Landing. 271
Mnpof the Battloof Pen Ridge 251
Map of tho Baiileof Philippl 85
Mnpof the Battle of Pittsburg Land-
Map of the Bnttlo ol Sharpsburg, or
Antietam 400
Map of the Battle of Shllob 203
Map of the Battlefield or Antietam, or
Sharpsburg. 401
Map of Charleston Bar 281
Map of Charleston Harbor. 36
Mnpof Porta Hnitoras and Clark 121
Map of Fort Henry and lis approaches. 227
Map of Fort Pulaski 281
Mnpof Fort Walker 179
nlnp of nniteras Island 121
Map of Hilton Head 181
Map of Pamlico Sound, N. C 121
Map of Peu Ridge and vicinity 251
Map of Peusacola Bay, Florida 45
Map of Pope's Military Operations In
Map of Port Royal Harbor. 177
Map of Richmond nnd vicinity. ....... . 366
Map of Roanoke Island. N. C 205
Map uf Sharps burg, or Antietam, Plan
of Battle 4U1
Map of the Southern Coast of the United
Suites 214
Marshall House, Alexandria, Va 77
Martin's Massachusetts Bnitory opening
firuupon Yorbtown 313
Mason, James Murray, Portrait 155
Members of Lincoln's First Cabinet. . .i4-15
Merrill. Frank P., Com mnndes-ln- Chief
Sons of Veterans 40S
MessochV Point. Discovery of Confc-di--
rato Buttery at. IS*
INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS.
H'-rrimaek, Engagement with the 31 i tea. Portrail. 108; Biog.
raphy.
100
rtraJl 14-15
Chase, Salmon P., Portrait... 14-15
Corcoran, Michael. Portrait. 378; Ring.
faplT
Couch. Darius N.. Ponrait, Bfll ; Bieg-
Crawford, Martin J,, PnrtTait
Davis, A. P., Portrait
Davis, Charles Henry, Portrail. 36D ;
Biography !
Davis. JeffersoD, Portrait, IB; Biog.
Dii. John Adams, Portrait. 23 ; Biog-
raphy 23
Dupoiil, Samuel Frauds, Portrait. 177;
Biography 177
Ellis. E. F. W.. Portrait 370
Ellsworth, Ephralra, Elmore, Portrail,
76 ; Biography 76
Ericsson, John. Portrait. 245 ; Biog-
raphy 340
Farragut, Dnvid Glasgow, Portrait,
301 ; Biography 305
Foote. Andre iv R., Portrait, 325 ; Biog-
raphy 225
Forsyth. John, Portrait :*
Franklin. William B.. Portrait, 30! ;
Biography 307
Fremont, Johu Charles, Portrait, 157;
Biography 188
Garfield, James A., Portrail, 317 ;
Biography 217
Goldsborougb, Louis M., Portrail, 201;
Biography Vol II.
Gorman, Willis Arnold, Portrait, 300 ;
Biography 300
3radlno. A.. Portrait 244
Sail, Norman J., Portrait 24
Knlleck, Henry Wager, Portrail, 243 :
Biography. 343
UaaJeo, William J., Portrail, 205;
bograpby 310
jJStv'tm, Rush G, Portrait 121
daysW №aul H.. Portrait 43
Kivav, naao W.. Portrail 25
He-rrfl. '■" J., Portrait 253
Hidd.,.,, Harry B., Ponrait, 823; Biug-
. 883
raphy .
Hill, Ambrose P., Portrail, 307; Biog-
raphy 380
Hooker, Josepli, Portrait, 303 ; Biog-
raphy 400
Hunter, David, Portrail, 289; Biog-
raphy 280
Jackson. Thomas J. " Stonewall,"
Portrait, 383 ; Biography 300
Jeffers, William N., Portrait 240
Johnston, Albert Sidney, Portrait ;
Biography 200
Kearny. Philip, Portrait, 307 ; Biog.
raphy 867
Kenly, John R, Portrail, 333 ; Biog-
raphy 333
Kimball, E. A., Portrait 307
King, Hufu", Portrait. 3G5 ; Biography 307
Lander. Frederio West. Portrail
Biography 203
Lane, James II., Portrait, 139 ; Biog-
raphy 133
Lefforls, Marshall, Portrait, 57; Biog-
raphy 67
Lincoln. Abraham. Portrait. .Frontispiece.
Lovell, Mau-lulil. Portrait ; Biog-
■.,,.'.,
. 305
Lyon. Noihaoiel. Portrait. 117. Biog.
rapl-y 117
Mausnuld. Joseph K. F., Portrait. 303 ;
Biography ...300
Mosuo. James Murray, Portrait. 1 05 .
Biography . . 153
McClellan, Geurg.i II.. Portrait, 05;
Biography Vol, 11.
MeCulloab, Ben.. Ponrait, 113 ; Biog.
raphy 110
McDowell, Inrln, Portrail. 105; Biog.
raphy Vol. II.
McEinstry, Justus. Portrait, 103; Biog.
raphy 165
Merrill. Frank P.. Portrait... 405
Mitchell. Orrosby M.. Portrait, 241;
Biography 235
Morrison. William, Portrait 241
Negley. James 8,, Portrail, 213; Bing-
raphy 213
Peub.xh.E.erett.Ponmit 200
Peck. John James, Portrait, 317 ;
Biography 317
Plcrpoat. Francis H., Ponrait 135
P"|k, John. Portrait, 257; Biography 257
Porter. Fitr John. Portrait, 389; Biog-
raphy 889
Pratt. George W., Portrait, 379; Biog-
raphy 389
Price. Sletlmg. Portrait, 113 ; Biog.
raphy 116
Rlcketta, J. D., Portrait, 383 ; Biogra-
rapby 401
Roman. A B., Portrait 18
4>3
Bottsseaa, LoveB H.. Portrait, 269 ;
Biography 371
RutBn. Ednincd, Portrait 87
Serumes. Raphael, Portrait. 1197; Biog-
raphy 401
Seward. William H.. Portrait 14-15
Shepley, George P., Ponrait, 805 :
Biography jjtB
Shields, James, Portrait, 821 ; Blogra-
phj-. 833
Sickels, Daniel E., Portrait, 357; Biog-
raphy 887
Slgol, Fram, Portrait, 251 ; Biogra-
Phf 25j
Slemmei, Adam J., Portrait, 48 ; Biog-
raphy 40
Slide]], John. Portrait, 155; Biogra-
phy 15S
Smalls. John, Portrait 344
Sin alls, Robert, Portrait 344
Smith, Caleb B., Portrait 14-10
Sprague, William, Portmll, 117; Biog-
raphy. 87
Stevens, Isaac Ingalla, Portrait, 378;
Biography 880
Sloneinan. George, Portrait, 357; Biog-
raphy 885
Strlngnitm. Silas H.. Portrait, 119;
Biography 139
Sumner, Edwin Voso, Portrait, 317:
Biography 817
Tyler, E. B., Portrait 333
Wallace, Lewis, Portrait, 203; Biog-
raphy 3711
Welles, Gideon, Portrait 1-1-15
White, Frank J. .Portrait. 101
Wilkes, Charles, Portrait, 155; Biog.
raphy 155
Worden. John Loritiior, Portrait, 240 ;
Biography 240
SSolli coffer, Felix. Portrait, 221 ; Biog.
raphy 22ft
Port Republic, Battle of 330-331
Pon Royal. S. C, Plan of Naval Battle,
177 ; Graves of Federals killed at,. . . 180
Portsmouth. Va.. Naval Hospital and
Battery at 820
Potomac River. Attack upon the Con-
federate Balto/ies 83
Potomac, Banks Croadng from Wil-
IlamaporE, Mi!., lo nltack "' Klonewall"
Jackson 820
Pratt, George W., Portrait 379
Prentiss1. General B. M" Division gulh-
erlng " Scceali " Oats 105
Price, Starling, Portrait. 113
Prov,"t Miir.-linll Mxainining i'lissea at
Washington 110
Pulaski. Map of, 281 ; Outside View of,
234; During the Bombardment, 383;
Mortar Battery "Stanton" throwing
J 13-inch Shell 200-291
Q.
Quaker (Sty, U. S. Steamer, In Lyno
Haven Bay, Va. Ill
yusollco Creek. Burning of a Con fa
rale Schooner. . 288
R.
Railroad Battery 70
Rappahannock River. Rebuilding the
Bridge over ... 38U
Recraltlog in Philadelphia lor the fa-
mouaBu.ktail Regiment. 344
Reci'ptam at Charleston, S. G, ot tho
nowe of the election of Uncolo aod
Hamlin H
Recruiting for the Hawkins" Now York
Kuusvea 0t
R.fugnrffn.m Southern Missouri 25(
Relief nf Fori Picket) 0, Santa Rosa
Island 48-H
Released Prisoners, Transfer of, lo Pam-
lico Sound, S. C. Sfli
Rescue of Marines from the Steamship
Qoternor, by U. S. Frlgala Sabine.. 121
Review of Cavalry, by President Lincoln
nnd Members of his Cuhinei 1-16-14'
Review of tho Clinch RiOes. at Augusta,
Review of Confederate Troops en route
10 Virginia, at Savannah, Ge. 18.1
Review of South Carolina Volunteer
Troops in Fort Moultrie S(WH
Rhode [Bland Regiments embarking at
Providence for New York and Waah-
ington GO
Richmond, Va., Salute of one hundred
few" 100
Rich Mountain. General Rosecran* ad-
vancini!, 07; Batileof OS-OB. ll"
Rickelts, X. D.. Portrait of 383
4M
INDEX TO fLLUSTRA TIONb.
Island. Ur '."].: of. 2D2-'
I; Ma-
Rodman. Isanc Pe:ico. Porimii 307
Itaimo, A. B., Pur.rali 18
Itomnoy, Va., hln^gemcut at, 80-87;
Eleventh Indiana. Regiment crowing
(bo Poiomae, 86-87 i the day after. .. . 80
Soomo! Assistant United Slates Treas-
urer, John J. Cisco HI
Rosuerans, General, and his staff at
Clarksburg. Va 13-1
Rousseau, Lovell IL, Portrait 209
RufBn. Edmund, of Virginia, Portrait.. 37
Runyon, General, Headquarters at Ar-
lington. Va 103
Runvon. Fart, Searching wagons at gale
of. 125
Reynold*, Major Julio George 170
S.
£aMir", G, S. Frigate, rescuing marines
fr.in (ho U. S. Steamer Governor 1211
Salem, Mo., attacked by Confederates. . 224
Santa. Rosa Island, rulluf of Fort Pickens,
40-47; horses sunt ashore to, 48 ; land-
ing reinforcement fur JO
Savage's Slnlion, Battle ol 3G2-303
Saved by liifl wi(r, (Slilloh) 2Uil
Savannah, Ga., Review of troops en route
to Virginia 133
Savannah, Ga., Indiscriminate flight of
the Inhabitants 26G-287
Sawyer Gun, Pmciicing with, near Nor-
folk, Va 145
.Scene in the United Slates Sub-Treaaury
Office, Now York . 141
Scene on U. S. Strainer Louisiana. 164
Scene On the Floating Battery in Char-
lesion Harbor during the bombard-
ment nf Fnrt Sumter 38
Searching Virginian Farmers' wagons
at Fort Runyon 125
Secession vi lie, Bailie of, James Island,
S. C 334-330
Segal, Lieutenant H. J., Capture or,
near Falls Church, Va 148
Semmos, Raphael, Portrait, 307 ; decoy-
ing ships by burning prire vessels,
300; confining prisoners in the hold
of Ibu Alabama 403-103
Seneca, U. 9. Gunboat, Captain Amman,
destroys guns at Beaufort. S.C 170
Seventh Regiment, N. G. S. N. Y., leav-
ing Now York fur Washington GB
Seventh Regiment. N. Y., Barracks of,
at Annapolis Junction 00
So ve my- B esc nth Pen n By 1 van i a Regiment
making Fascine* and Gabions 318
Seventy-ninth, N. Y.. Regiment taking
nway the colors of, for mutiny 127
Seward, William H., Portrait 14-15
Sharpsburg, Md . Battle of, Centra and
. Right Wing of McClelland Army,
September 17lb. 1862, 38burg, Va.. 3'J5
" Tigers of the bloody Ninth " 05
Tillottson. Lieutenant, Naval baiiery at
New Borne, N. C 809
Tiplonville.Tenii. Surrenderor the Con-
federate forces under Generals MeCn.ll
and Gantt to General Paino 306-307
Transports crossing the Chesapeake Bay 31
Treasury Note, U. S., fac-simile". 143
Treasury Note, C. S. facsimile 143
Troops repairing the Mtlli'rvill.- Bridge,
71 ; landing nt Annapolis, OS ; at Fort
Walker, 100 ; in Kentucky 104
Twelfth Muasnchiisselts. Bivouac of
Officers, near Hyntletown, Md
Twelfth. Mass., Regimem, Soldiers of the,
dragging their baggage
Twentieth Indiana Regiment, Camp •-.,
at Holtems
Tybe.: Island, Savannah River. Ga., view
of Lighthouse and Bsrrscks, 385; Scene
in Savannoh. Ga., after surrender
of 380-367
Tybee Island, Hospital Building on, 380 i
interior of Mortar Battery 290-201
Tyler, E. B" Portrait
Unrlt- J7fn, Steam-tug, sekerl at Wil-
mington, N. C
United States Arsenal at <_'barlcaton,
Coiled Slates Cavalry Scouting near
Fairiai Court House, Va 140
United States Uoneral Hospital at
Georgetown, D. C 108
United Stales, Map of the Southern
Coostof 314
United States Navy Yard, Ponsacola.
Florida 45
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon at
Philadelphia 338
D. S. Arsenal, at Harpers' Ferry, Va.,
Burning ol 64
O. S. Fleet off Hatleras during a storm. 204
U. S. Mail Boat passing Confederate
Battery off Fort Powhatan . 345
U. S. Military Telegraph Station In Vir-
ginia 158
U. S. Revenue Culler Aiken 30
V. S. Steamer Funny, Capturid by Con-
federate S teaman . 120
U. S. Steamer Leuiriana, Scene ou 154
U. S. Steamer Niagara. Explosion of a
shell In the Cutler ol 120
U. S. Frigate Sabine, Rescue of Marines
from the U.S. Steamer Governor ISO
U. S. Steamer AtUtudppi firing on a
Coroedorate Steamer at Ship Island.
200; Foretopof 3B5
U, S. Sub Treasury OIBco nt New York
city, Interior of Ill
U. S. Steamer South Carolina shelling
batteries at Galveston, Teias 1U '
U. S. Steamer Star oftla Wr*t fired up-
on from Fort Moultrie. 26-37
Ur S. Steamers Star t-f the South and
Pecrleit in collision IBP
U. S. Steamer Quaker CitV In L'nn
Haven Bay, Va HI
boat 39*.
Veterans, Sous of, Coat of Arms. 405 ;
F, P. Morrill, Commande.'-ln-Chlef.
Portrait, 405 ; A. P. Davis, originator
of the Order, Portrait, 407; Badge,
409 ; Gold Slur, 400 ; Iron Cross, 406,
Gold Cross 400
View of Grafton, Va., oo tho Mononga-
hi-la River. Headquarters of General
McClellau 80-87
Vie., of New Berne. N. C 208
Volunteers for the Federal Army creas-
ing from Cincinnati. 0., to Covington,
Ky 40*
w.
Wallace. General Lewis, and Staff;
Eleventh Indiana Volunteers, 229)
at Fort Donelson, 236 ; Portrait 388
Walker, Fort. Landing U. S. Troops,
160 ; Retreat of Ihe Confederate Gar-
rison, 174-175 ; Under Bombardment,
of the U. 3. Fleet. 176 : Landing of
U. S. Troops, 178 ; Plan or 1TO
War Material, Shipment of, at New
York 50
Washington, D. C" Scene in n Station-
house Cell, 233 ; New Military Road
in Virginia 334
Wnud, William, Sketching a Naval En-
gagement from the Forelop of the
U. S. Steamer Sfistunippi 205
Weller, Surgeon, Death of 204
Welles. Gideon, Portrait 14-in
U'tjyiVd, Protecting Fleet at New Or-
leans from the Fire-raft 304
While, Frank J,. Portrait.... 101
Wlur.. 1 1, . lih - Lun iii iv. l'.iiii>ihk>-v Ri-.-r.
Vb., 333 ; Burning of. .350-351
White Oak Swamp, Battle of 343-313
Wilkes, Charles. Portrait 155
Wilson's Creek, Springfield, Mo., Battle
of 113, 11J-11S
Wilson, the "Billy" Zouaves SO
Willis Church. Battle of 358-559
Williamsburg, Va.. Batllo of 310
Winchester, Va., Baltte of 322-323
Winchester. Va , Entry of General
Hunks' Troops, 331
Wiuan's Steam-gun. Captured by Gene-
ral Butler's Command 07
Women 'fl Meeting. New York City. ... 312
Worden. John Lorimer. Portrait 240
Women of Maryland Entertaining Fed-
eral Re emits 38-1
Y.
Yorktown. Camp, Ninth MossBchuaetls
Regiment, 311 ; Federal Army on the
road to. 311 ; Arrival of Gen') McClel-
lan to lake personal command of tho
Army of the Potomac. 313; Charge of
the 1st Massachusetts Regiment, 313 :
Martin's Massachusetts Battery open-
ing fire 313
F<>rkt"trii, J*rm-:.i, and Merrimack
engaging the U. S. frigates Cumber-
land and CongruM 240-2-17
z.
Zollicoflor. General Felix K., Death of, at
Mill Spring, Ky 221
Zouave*, The "Billy" Wilson taking
the oath of fidelity to the flag 81
Zouaver!. Duryea's, carrying Lieutenant
Greblu's body from tho field of Big
Bethel 91
Zouaves, Ellsworth's (Fire). 73,74-75, 70. 103
Zouaves. Ellsworth's Chicago Cadets. . . 73
Zouaves. Hawkin's, Recruiting for. 65.
charge at Antietam (Sharpsburg). .880-387
Zouaves. Tenth New York. Scouting
Party at Meusech'e Point 121
INDEX
HISTORICAL MATTER.
A.
Adams, Captain, U. 8. S. Sabine. 135
Ailnum, .1. 11. . Cnmmisainner from South
Carolina to Washington 21
Adelaide, U. S. Sir., L'ouiniandor Stell-
wngen no
Alabama (So. 200). Confederate Privn-
Icer, Caplain Seiiiiut* 388; 401
Alabama, D.ito of Secession IB
Aldcn, Contain of tbu V. & 8 Riehmmd. 2D3
Allan, Colonel J. \V., Olh New Jersey
Volunteer* 301
Allan, t-'-imnnxliiro. Ill
Allen, Major John 11, 4■■■•• il ■> River K57
Cross Key* 389
Cross Roada .861
Duoelaon. Fort...^ 237
Bailie of Dranesville 1
Gaines Mills 3
" Germauluwn 3
' Grnvelon, 381; 383; 3S4 ;
885; 380 il
Hampton Roads [rlaVBlBntt]e> S
Hanover Court Houeo 1)
James Island, S. C 3
Kurnslown 3
"' Leosburg 1
Logan/a Cross Hoada (Mill
Springs) 2
Malvern Hill a
Manassas, 103 . 141 ; 381 ; 383 ;
384 ; 885 ; 383 3
Meclianlraville 3
Mill Springs (Lognn-a Cross
Hoada) a
Mumfordaville 4
MnDowoll (or Bull Pasture).. 3
New tie-ruu, N. C 2
New Cool ArborfCuld Harbor). 3
Nuw Market Cross Itonds 3
n,ik Hill (Wilson's Creek).. 1
Oi Hill 3
Pr-a Ridge 8
Phlllppl
Pittsburg Londiog (Sblloh). . 3
fori Republic 320; 3
Port lloyal 1
" I'reslnoburg . 8
Rich Mountain
Roanoke I si aod 1!
Itomney
Ss.egos Station 851 ; 3
" Secession vlllo. . 3
" Second Bull Hun. 381 ; 383 ;
384; 363; 380 3
3barpsburgiiu!am)...301; 3
Shllob (Pittsburg Landing)... 2
Slaughter's Mountain 3
South Mountain 301; 3'
While Uuk Swamp 3
WiUou'fl Creek (Oak Hill), .. . 1
Williamsburg "
Willis Church 35B; 350; 3
" Winchester. 310 ; 332 ; 3
Unities ffiught hefure Richmond 3
along I In- i.'hickahominy
River 354; 3-
BadgfH and Crosses of S. O. V. 41
Bailey.Captain Theodnrus, of tho U. 8. S.
Colorado 135 ; 21)5 ; 301 ; 3i
Baker, General Edward Dickinson, I IS ;
sketch of his life 11
Baker, Senator E, D from Oregon,
Speech at New York I
Baker, Caplain. of the IT. 8. 8. Pioneer. 2l
Baldwin, Colonel, of the 5'th lllinoin
liegimtnt 3.
Baldwin, Colonel S. D 8l
Baltimore and Annapolis occupied by
rjeoaial Butler I
Biilinslend, Lieutenuot-Colonel, i\th
Maine YotuuUerM 3-
Ball'n Blufl, Battle of, !■
Bancroft. Genrge.Secretaryof the Navy. I
Bankliead, Commander J. P., U. 8. S.
Ptmbina 177 ; 2-
Banks. General Nathaniel P., 148; 101;
305; 310 ; 321; 333 31
Bales. Edtvard, Attorney-General
Barkadalo, Colonel 140 ; 3i
Barnwell, R. W., Commissioner from
South Carolina to Washington I
Barlow, Colonel Francis C B!
Biltimoru Sun, Account of the Blot <
luel 131; 137
Bartow, Fi.i
Bayard, General George D., 03;
3S5
100;
Uialington, Carrick's Fonl, and Rich
Mountain. Battlea of
Beaufort. N. C, Occupation uf 9
Beaufort, S. li, Capture of 1
Beauregard, General P. G. T., 37; 41 ;
257; 371 2
Beauregard, Confederal" Ram 3
Beauregard. Fort 1
Beaver Dam, Buttle of, 3
Bebni, Lieutenant S
Beirel, Captain 1
Belmont, Mo.. Battle of. 1
Belknap, Colonel T. S 3
Belliboover'a Battery 1'
Doll, Captain Henry W S!
Bull, Major Jo"opli W 31
Henham, General Henry W" U. S. En-
gineers 100; 13-5 -, 289; 335; 3:
Hendii. Colonel John K., ■'Steuben"
Volunteers I
Benjamin, Judnh P., Attorney -General
Confederate States
fonton, U. S Gunboat 3
Bern-It. Janice W., At Fort Lafayette.. 1'
Barge, Colonel, OOtfi ltlinoi* Sliorji-
ehoolert 3:
Urryman. Captain, of the tT, 8. S. Wy-
/ItftiUt, D. 8. Str. V
Big Bethel. Ualtlu or 1
BlgTybee Wand, Capture of 1'
ninsoll. Colonel J. W. 2J
Blake, Captain, of the U. 8. 8 NaryUtntl. i
Butli-,FrankP..ofMlBaouri '
Blair, Montgomery, Pofll mas let- General.
BliineharJ, Fort 2l
Blenkor. Colonel I^uis. 1(13 ; sketch or. . ?!
Bnggs. Captain. ■■! the Faruno/JOa ; 207 ;3I
Bonds. Coupon U. S ]■
dB, U. S. Go'
Bonhnin, General M. I,.,
Bowling Green. RuM-cupotlou of 3
Bragg. Genera! Inimu 137; 473 ; 2
Bramball, Lieutenant 1
Branch .General Uwrtnee O'B.208; 315; 3
Bracken ridge, Geo oral J. C 205; 2
Bnaliwood, Caplain J oho H of the U.
8. Revenue Cutter ifeCltlland
Brittan, Lieutenant S B.. Ji 'J
Brown, Joseph E . Governor of Georgia
Brown, Major, 0th Mas- llegt 00,
Browne/William M.. As-i-ieoi Secretary
of Slate, Confederate Stole*
Brown. Colonel J M ft
Brown & Pcrliv. Publialiera
Browne]), Private Fraocia E.
Brooks, General Win. T II, . 8'
Brooklyn. U. S Sir.. 45. Caplain Walker,
135- CaptalnCraven 2l
Brown, Colonel Harvey 49; II
Brown, Captain J N" Iummamler of
the Conrcderoie Ram Jrionta* Zi
Bucltnnnn, Captain, ul the 3ferrimae&. 2-
lluchanan, Franklin. I
Buchanan, J a m e-.. Prealdunl, 19; inter- *
view- with ibe Sooib Carolina Cotnmia-
slonors..... 19; 21; ■
Buckner, General Simon Bolivar. Skstch
of
(uell, Gen
Don Car loa
ID;
Budd, Caplain F. A., of the U. 8. 8.
Penguin 177
Baford, Colonel N. B.,2Trt lllinoU li'g-
imenl 171
Bunting^ 11. 1. Battery 149, I4B
Burns. General W. W 1101
Hull Run (First Bnlllu of) 103 j 141
Bull Hull (Second Bnlllu of). .381 ; 11811,
334; 385; 3SU 387
Bull Piisliiru, Bnltluof. 331
Burusiile, General Ainbroae E., C7 ; 100 ;
208; 331 301
Burl, Colonel E. It 14B
Butterlield, General Daniel, Colonel of
llieiatb N. y. S. M G7; 841 ; 345
Butler, Major, lliA Louisiana Regiment,
Death of.. 171
Butler. Pierce, at Fori Lafayette 173
Butler, General Beiijnmir F...o7;00;
73:131) 143; 2011 ; 301, 302, SOU; 31)8
C.
Cadwnllader, General George TJ
Cahill, Colonel, OfA Uwnteticut TV""-
tart .. aon
Cairn, V. 8. 8 300
Calhoun, Lieutenant 201
Caldwell. Lieutenant. U.S. 8. Bona.. 293
Cameron. Simon, Secretary of War.... 18
Carpooter, Frank B.," Six Months In
the While House," Portrait of Lin-
coln (frontispiece). Hi
Cameron. Colonel James 101; 100
Campbell. General 383
Carnlfo* Forry, Battle of 1 35
Carrick's Ford, Battle of 05
Carr, General Joseph B. 88; 01; 231
Carr, Colonel Eugene A 340
Carr. Commander, of the V. S.S. Quaker
City 110
Carondfltt. U, S. S.. 300 ; Fight will,
Confederate Ram ArflaHia* 373, 1181
Carroll. Colonel. 8f/i Ohio Volunteer,. . . 310
Carroll. General 339
i mho Lieutenant J. R 171
Castro, General (Mexican) 105
Caeey. General Silas 311 ; 313 ; 301
Cass. General. Speech of 5-1
Cars, Commander. 101
CasllePlmkney , . . .19 ; 31
Caswell. Fori, at Macon, S. C 13
(hyuga. V. S. Sir 203
Cedar Mountain. Bottle of 881
Ccoas, Hilary, at Fort Lafayette 173
Cbaae, Salmon 1' .Secretary of ibe Treas-
ury. 18; re-igos 83; 141
Chase. Colonel William H 48
Cliatfiehl, Colonel. 3d Connecticut Vai-
witter:. 104; 285
Cliatfield. Colonel James L., 0th Ctm-
•.irttrit Volunteer* ". ", I
Cbaolllly. Battle of 380
Cbamhleaa, Captain William P 3-15
CAnMeur. II. S. 8tr.. Captain Weat, ... 201
ilmlinera. OeneralJ. R 400
Charles Cily Cr.wa Roada, Battle of.... 301
Charleston Harbor, Farm and defenses
of. SO; Daring exploit of colored men. 24i
Charleston. S, C. Rejoicings in 43
Cbickabemlny River. Battlea along the,
354 355
Ciiltkeuominy River, Bailie of the 357
Chestnut, James. Letter to Major An-
derson 37
Clicw. R. A.. State Department 37
Cheatham, Major R. B 243
Chaatbam. Geoeral B. F 171; 200 37;
416
Clayton, Philip, Assistant Secretary of
the Treasury, Confederate Eules...
Clark, Captain Chun-bill
Clark, Fori
Claiborne, H. B., at Fori Lafuyutle
Cleveland, l.ieuleuaul-Colonel Ileniy..
Clinch, H.-noml D I
OliJUA. Tln\ at Charleston, S. C
Clinch, Fori, at Fernandinn
Cincinnati. U. B. Sir... 225; 2-13; 300 ;
INDEX TO HISTORICAL MATTER.
:, i I...
Glial
Christ, Oolonul li i'. /VnnjytomAl
Rountlfttade
Cbllds, Captain, of the I . 8tr. Hanger '■
Chishnlm. Cohmel i
Cliiflliolm, Samoel 1
OilS <■/ Nete York. V. S. Sir '.
Cobum. Colonel '.
Cnbb, General Howll I
Coiifedon.it Sir. iVnhniua 3911 ; ^
Arkantat ..373 ; ;
•■ Anglo AutTiioB. !
" Bmvrtganl .... ;
" linrlnnr.dge. '.
Dffi<">c '■
KllL, i
I'-ll.,-, Batten/.,., .
Oalveetoi I
■• llinrmt lim-J'J ........ i
■■ Ottitral ]/>\.< :
" General Quitman, . i
•■ Ooiernor Moore... .503; '.
Jamettoten 173; I
■' Jeff Thompson :
J<-M I
" lanrasltr An. 3 J
;.L-Ur U'l-l t
Loiill i
" l/>uiaiana...MS; 207;
California ncgiment, First US; 1.12
ago Artillery, 109; Battery 171
Caotribatioati Tor ""r purposes 55
ntilly, Rattle of 3S0
Colli), Unwell 893
\ltltution, U. S Frigate 01)
wrord. General ,. 303
■saes and Badges ol S. O. V -Iiw
Crawford, Martin J 18
Gurlea. U. S. Sir 177
D.
Danforth. H. W 01
n. tolobel HO
Darioe Exploit. A 213
;. Captain W. II . nf the Uncle Be... 01
Davis. J.-ff-n-oi.. Pmsldeol ol tlto Con-
federate Slut.-.; I gorsi.ou ol iiinn
Is.™ of Lis Cabim-t ; Sk. leu at Ins
301
if ■
■■■ . -■■: .
301
Jf-TTiwort: ( Virginia "
S3; W0. 317; Rill; a
ififvxsij.pi ...... 3
ifrJtne. ..203; 3
"No. 300" (dtolmmu),
Confederate Ham,
300 4
A'asht iUt 2
Patriot ll'-ty. . . 2
" Slot-raalt Jnekaon 21
Samttr . . I65-, J"
" Stmithitit t
■' I ii /.. ■ i i Merrimack),
1B0; 155 . 245 . HIT. ,31
" Van It-.r , , 3i
IPorrier 2!
Connecticut Regiments : Third, 101;
285 ; Sixth, 177 ; Ninth, Sflj , F.I. cenlh,
383 3'
Gounod, Colonel 2'
Conflegit, U S. Sit 1
Conwny, Wllllntn, Justice to
Colorado, U S Slr.,CoptatoBai1oy, 13". i
205 8
Colvin. Edward..
Craiu-y Island, Forls on 313 ; :i
Collins, Commander N .V S H.UnndiUa. I
Corcoran. Colonol Mlcbael, 00//, .V. )'
5. M. 101 i 227; I*
Crook. CoIoobI Gt-orgo 31
Ohippeva. U. S. Sir 2'
Cnrtinas. Colooel, Oi'c UicAlgun Volun-
teer* 2'
Coneli, Honors! n.-.ciiii S., :t''-i . 311 :
SkcWliof 393; 30.1; 307 :i
Coi.Guni.ral J. I) 00; 1H5 ; 381; 3'
Craby.Ueulei.ant. t<" 8 8 I'invlo.... 21
Craven. Captain, of lliu If. 8. S Urook.
lyn
Crocker, Cn].talu, of (lie TTunai 3
Croaby, Lteutennot Pierce, of tW tug
Fanny. - • - 1
Cross Koys, liatilo of 3
Crockor, Colonel M. M . . 'J
CrOjeRoa.ls. DaUlo ol
CrlUendeo.Goneral Georea II . . ".'.'I ; 2
Conliliij", I'nlelj.ol Mas* . Spci-cli at New.
''nryport. Mass.
Custom Bouse n". Now Orleans salwd. .
Cuuiiiilnt;. Lleuionant, Gilonol
Curtis, Gunernl Saoiu-1 It &10 ; 2
Crawford, ilr-n-ral Samuel \V 3
Collnm. Cfloeral George W 2
Crook.. General Philip St. Georga ..
Coddlngloo. Oa"ld S...
Coeliraue. GeuarnJ John 3
Chnfedurolo roomy 1
hfc.
Duns. A. P., originator of (l.r Otder of
S.O. V
I>"ti9, Colonel W. U, 11 . lOH/i Pcnn-
tyltnnin Volunteer*
Dbyib. Chntles Honry, Sketch of
i-. '"' I. Mill. rrUni-ii VotnnKert.
is, Colouel jKflHnuin <:
is. Cumuianilrr C. 11
Dnv'n. Cjtptaln Cliailra
Davis, Jolin, Gnoocr.ol tbo 0". S S
Vallty City.
■aula, Gonural
Uvi(.s. Colonel Tl ioa A
Da'jUold. D. S. Sir
Do Camp, LieoloORDl, If. S. 8. Jrei/uoi*.
Defiance, C. S Sir
I).- Forest, Lieut onnnt-Coloofl... ......
De'mliifF, Cnloaul, 1KA Canneelicut 7"t-
vnuert.... .. 208;
Do Lsgnol, Captain, at Fort Larayotte. . ,
DuSauasure. Colonel Wiliuot G . otcu-
,, Port Moultrlo
Dotoos, Colonol Chnrha 14B. HO;
1'is, Gcnrrnl Jobn A.. Secretary of tin)
Treasury; Lis fanmua iiii-sjiaga. 23;
Bkutcb of l.ls li.'.'. 2.1 ; speecb ot New
York £8;
Dic*tirj3nn. Daniel S
Pi.|pe. Colonol T C, T,2d Pennepha.
a Veluntter*
Dodgn, Colonel Orenvillo M
Dove, Commander, ol the I.vuHcittc . . . .
■Iwin. port. Battle anil eipturu of.
I i-n nelly. Cnlnnel Dudley
J ■ililt'hL* Seualnr. Speech at Cliicagn...
Uonelsoo Fort, Position o I
H ..n-iliti.ni. I.i. uMunnt, if. S. 8. Scicto.
in. Captain J. J
-villc, Liu o tenant
Doubleday, faptnln. ....... .....
l> .-., -:.. . ..1...1 U.. 22il IBinoi*
1Vui.(...j.. 171;
Drum st llle. Iliittle of
Drayton. Captain Percivnl, U.S. S. Po-
tahonta*. . . .... 177 .
Drayton, Quouml T. F 170 ;
Dadlnr. Colonol, 30/A AftutoeJwtttUVet-
Dutdooi, Colonel. ?r/< Jiulioit.i Volun-
can. General J. K 203 ; 301 ;
bam. Cnlnnul C. L
tiunnvant, General R G. M..selieaFore
Jokosoo . ..... St;
Dupont. liamuel Proncis. Skcltli nf 177;
IbO ....
Porkce. Llciilenutil- Colonel
Detiick, Captain
Defree.-. John D., GoTernmeot Prlnlor.
E.
inly. General Jubal 108.
Edenton. N. C. Capture of
KgCleston. l.iiiulenaot .1. K
Elltebeili City. N. C. Capture of
Elbuvortb, Col-oel E. E . Skolclt of ;
abot by Jack si"
Ellsworths Firo /-.im. -
E1e"eotL Maine Voluuleere
Ellis, Colonel K F W
Elnvontb Louisiana liegtuieot. Major
Holler...
Else)*. Cnptoln Arnold. .
KifbtliObio Volunteers. Colonel Carroll
Elliott. Col -1
Eleventh Connecticut Volonieors 2U;.
Emory. General William B
Ivybll. Slichifrsn Volnoteurs. Colonel
:lnn of destruction
Eleventh Vugiola Itegiment. C-donel
li-irland
10. 311
Ericsson, Captain Jobn, Sketch ol. . . . 210
Eigllty-artli Pennsylvania Volunteers.. SMI
ns, General N. G 14S. HO
Eighth Maine Volunteers 177
" (II, General Richard S..310. 3S1, 3S3, 384
Eipr.-ss Companies, '1 be Ilj'.l
Etna. tJ S. Sir 323,873
illett. Colonel Charles, Jr. 3GD
ilecloral College, Vow of 1800 18
F.
"anna, D. S. Tog. Lieutenant Crosby. . 110
...r,,, ,,.. Colonel J.. 0U/A A'eu 1'or*
Votuntter* 840
""irag..l. David Ulsagnw, 20a. 205;
Sketch ol ■■". I
Karmud. Liiputeoonl 4H
Faunce. Captain John. V. 8. & lfarritt
l Unrroncns 10.40.48,40.214
Barton . S05
Ueaulignrd 177
Blsuchard *n3
Caswell 10
Clark HO
Clinch.... 10
Dnrllnp; . 240
Dooelnno 233, 237
Qoinw 10
Hamilton SST,
Hatteras 110
Henry.. 22fi
Ulcmnu 327
Htij-et 205
JackKiii, io Suvaouah Harhnr 10
Jnrkeon. on tint Mississippi 16
Jol.oo.ut. at Mocm.N.C 10
J.ihutoo. in Cl.nrl.stoii Harbor. .21. :i:<3
Uftyette 173
Maroo 200
Mocouh 2J4
McBoi. 10, 45, 43. 214
Moultrie 10. 19, 31,43
Nor.'olk (old) 810
Pickens.... 45. 48. 2H
Pillow 800
Pinckoey (Castle) 10, 31. 303
Powhatan 3)5
Pulaski., 10,385
Runvon 125
SI Leon 214
St. Philip.... . .. . 1Q
Sumter. 10, 10. yn. 0*J, 37, B0, 48
Thompson.... .219-210
Vulcan . ... 2№fl
Walker 177
Wood 214
Forts In Charleston Harbor... 3fi. 241
Porta Jackson anil St. Philip Hi
■a on Cranny Island 313,310
FortlBcAlions at Jtliltoii Mend. S. C. 200-201
- seised l.y Sooth Carolina 21
Fsulkooi. Charles J . i.t Fort Life jet to. 173
-......,...! tiul.i.-ns .. 213
FncnSmlleof Trensury note. ls"ued by
D S N,.v,.ri.m...i 1-13
Foe simile 0. Treasury note, Issued by
. S. Government . 118
t Kentucky Voluotcere, Colonel
aylor . . 100
Fcoton, Colonel William !!.. fith Mirhi
in Volunteer/. ...... . 177
Flfteeolh New Yotk Volunteer, Col 1
Murphy 235.331
Fc< I ernl Troops, attempted desertion of . 13!
Kilt-. , .-Ml. Illinois Voluolrers. Colonel
Lynch 24 1
Fell..™.. Colfll-Ol K. W.. ;ij Xr.r l/.,,i,p.
ire Fotvntun ;77
Fifty-sovunlh Illinois Hir-ltnoiit 211
First Battles before Riehuf-iid. 330
Fifty-tsoond Peoosylva Heglmeot. 343
Kitzgihbone, Color-s-rtitiani .... . 135
First Ohio Regiment surprised by mask-
ed Bnttery 111
Firct Minnesoi.t Regiment 148, Mil
First Battle of the "or. fourthi at Big
Botbel o9
Ire Zouaves. The 77
-'■osoces. The Nnllna*] 114
K.gl.I at Pl.ilippi, V.relola 81
Klnatins Ballery. The 87
Floyd. General John B .135, 2.(7
nog, II. S. Str. 170
Florida. Bate of soci-saion. 18
hlariia. D. S St. 177
Flag of Trocc, Firing upon 101
Flog. Palmetto .10. 21
Flag .•( For. Sumter :i0
Fluosor.Cnptnlo ?i;1
Kroneh. Colonel Jonas H 803
Pry, Colonel S. S 221
Forte*. II S , U, S Sir 177
I ■(■iukl.ii. " ill in. II.. n luJ, Jul ;3u7.*4UU
Forrest, Fori
Fremout. General John Charles, opont-
lious in Missouri, 157, 161 ; sketch of
Ms life Hill- ;ili0:
Follansbec, Caplnfu. m MauacltUitU*
Yolunletr* . .
Forty-ninth Illinois Volunteers. Colonut
Morrison
Fouke, Colonel Philip B.. 30M ItiinoU
Volunteer*
FurLy-sixtlt Illinois Volunteers, Colonol
Davis
Forney. Colonel, lll//i Alibnmn Regiment
Foster, Eiuns
Fourth New Hampshire Volunteers,
Colonel Whipple 177;
Foraler, General John G
Forsi-tb, John
Foote, Androii- ll" 225 ; 237 ; 241 ; 243 ;
240; 25G
Fourth Rbodo Island Volunteers
Fulton. Lieu tenant -Col 00 el M, C
Fourth Wisconsin Volunteer*
Freeman, Colonel
Forty-second Illinois Regiment
Fitch, Colonel
Forty-eighth Illinois Regiment
Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteers
Forty-fifth New York Volunteers
Forty-sixth New York Volunteers
Fifty-sixth Now York Volunteers
Forly.eevenlh New York Volunteers . . .
Forty-eighth New York Volunteers, 177 ;
French, General W. II
Fortieth New Yotk Volunteers
Featherston. Colonel
French, Lieutenant
Fremont's Hussars nnd Bodyguard
Floyd Cavalry
Forbes, Edwin, 333 ; letter of
Forno, Co| 1. r.S. A
Ford, Colonel T. II 301;
Fourteenth Indiana Regiment
Forty-fourth Indiana Regiment
G.
Haines. Fort
(inines Mills. Bntllo of.
Garfield, General James A.. Skoteh of. .
Garland. General
GnrlHod, Colonel. 11//. Virginia IligHMot
I inrrand. Colonel
Gardner, Colooul 10 ;
I lurnett. General li. S
tiantt, General.
OemsbokV. S. Sir.
203
;:i:i
', Li. u
t ll.r
Georgia, Date ol Secession IP
Geary, Colonel John W Ma
Gillies, Commander J. P., U. 8. 8. Semi-
nole 177
Gillmore, General Quinsy A 285; 283
Gholsen, General 813
(irnerid Priet, Confedemle Ram 3GD
flfiitral Lorrll, Confederate Hum 300
General B'agg, Confederate Rnui. 300
Geary, General John W 883
GermanIov.il. Rattle ol 380
General Quitman, C, S. Str 203
Qcorgc Piahmly, U. S. Str 110
Oilman, Lieutenant, 48
Gillis. Captain John P., TT. 8. 8. StontU
cello 110
Qodon, Captiilii L. W., U. S. S. Mohican. 177
re, C. S. Str., Captain
liennon . 303; 2117
Gwin, Commander William. U. 8. 8.
Lexington 371
Gol.lsliorougli, Louis U... 304,203. 317. 310
linldsborough. Captain J. R.. U. 8. 8.
Florida 177
Gregg, General Mjwuy 01; 385
Greble. Lieutenant 89
Grafton. West Virginia 83
Green, Michael 01
Orenso, Colonel Nicholas 240
Grnver, General 313
tirover. General Cuvlor 385
tl online. Alfred 244
Griffin, Captain 341, 345
Grant. General U, S" 171; 173; 177; 235;
287; 2.7; 211; 2-13: 210: 203; 281;
200: 277 231
Grant, Captain of ilia 47. 8. 8. General
Quitman 208
Gunpowder Bridge. Burning- of fll
liun, Tbo Sawyer 145
Geust, Lieutenant, 77. S. S. Oteateo 203
Guns. ColutuJ. - -- 285
INDEX TO HISTORICAL MATTER
4'T
flnilwr, Captain 120
■Jwio, •■ \, j .m i r. ol Hie U.S. 8. Tyler.'.. . 373
urovcton, Balil.-of S81-SS7
Grand Army of Uie Republic 40T
H.
Hnllcck, 00001*1 Henry Wager, 343;
aw ; 208 ; 377 ; 309 301
llarper"s Ferry, Capture of 391-307
Hancock, General Wlnficld Scott. 318;
317; 301 307
Hanover CoMFl House. Battle of 341
Hansen". General 303
Hull. Norman J., Lieutenant, C. S. A.. 24
Hart, Peter 23; 3D
n-ircry Birch, Burning of tlio 213
EL.re, Colonel A. M 203
Hawkins, Colonel Rush C 110; 121
Harrison, Lie Plena nt, U. 8. 3. Cayuga. U03
Harriet Lan*. U. S. Sir.,Cnpmlii Faniico,
110 301
Harris, Arnold, Searching for Colonel
Cameron's body 100
Harris. Brigadier-Goncro! 33
Ilmcli. General John 1* 395 ; 303
Hartford, U, 8. 3 203 ; 301 ; 373
llnrrold, Lieutenant, U. 8. 8. Miami... 203
■Tarrold. LleUlcnnntA. D 213
Hardee, General William J., 137 ; 263;
S7I 270
niimillon, General Schuyler 2.111. 257
Huiuillon, General Charles 6.. .. 300
llnmliu. Hannibal, elected Vicc-Preal-
clent of ilia United Sulci 13
Hampton, Wade too
Hamilton Bonds, Naval Battle In 245
Hampton, Virginia, Evacuation of 117
Hallo™, Fort 110
Hatch, General John P 3!1
Hoyne. Colonol, 4Bth IttinoU Volunteer* 241
Haync Paul II 43
Hnyno Iswns W 25
Hoinlzclmnn, General Samuel P., 103;
300; 310. 313; 301 3S5
Ilorron. I. i u ■• to -mo I. Colonol F. 3 2-51
llciidt. Captain 183
Hoary, Fort, Tcnn., Cnpturool 225
llil', Major CI. II 20!
Hill. Colonel D. II., SO; 340; 357; 305; 301
nicks, Goi-^rnor Thoimis II 09
Hidden, Harry B., Aston of 333
HlBman. Fort 227
ULjgiua, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward... 301
nimlmnn, General 277
Hilton Heart, F.. Hi lien ions at 200, 291
Hildebntndt, Colonol 209
HiHtory of Georgia, Avery's 33
Hood, General J. B 385
Hooker, General Joe. 311; 313; 301;
381; 383; 301; 303; Sketch of 400
Howard, General O. 0 103 ; 353 ; 307
Howard, Charles, President Police Da.
partinr-nl. Now York City CI
Howard, Joseph, nl Fort Lafayette 173
Holt, Joseph, Secretary of War, Unltrd
Slntcs 10 ; 22 ; 25 ; 33
Hoskinn. Colonel W. A 221
HoIIIob, Commodore 253
Humphreys, General 307
Hunter. General David. 103; 101; 163;
280 385
linger. General Benjamin. 101; 310;
310; 301 SOS
HurtloU, General 2110
linger, Fort, 205
ItUDlon, Colonul U0
Howell, Colonel T. B. H.. 8Btt Pcnniyl-
amin VolmtW* 349
Hill. General Ambrose P., 313; 357;
301 : 305 ; HliO ; 3S3 384
Uamir, U. S. Sir., Captain Crocker 201
>e", Captain, of tlio U. S. Str. Picket. ■ 2
luherwood, B. F.. Engineer
Tiabtl, Tli-, nt Charleston, S-.ulh Carnli-
InjmUs, Colonel Rtifus 3
Illinois [togltnouts : 0th nml 12th, 100;
8ihand41sl, 171 ; 22d,27th, 30th, and
31st, 171 ; 10th. 241 ; 48th, 241 ; GStlt,
Iiix/uoii, U. S. Gunboat 293 ;
Irwin. Colonol
I/otea, U. S.Str., Lieutenant Caldwell. .
James Island. Battle of 3
Jackson, General Henry K
Jnrkson, General T. J., " Stonewall,"
100 ; 319 ; 325 ; 357 ; 331 ; 383 ; sketch
of a
Jackson. Colonel Congrevo .-' ■■■ '
244
Jackson, Abraham
Jackson, S. F.,CbloneI, QM Pmniylranu
Volunteer, _
Jackson and St. Philip, Forts
Jackson, Fort, on I lie Mississippi
Jackson. Foil, in Savannah Harbor . .
lamed Mam), S. C, llulile ot
Jam.*.n Colonel, 2d Maiat Vol:.,
■Itfl. TAompttm, Confederate Hani
Jenifer, Colonel
Jettera. William N
Jnhnaton, General Joseph E., D3; 105
309; 340
Jolmilnn, General Albert Sidney, 237;
203; 2t;u
Johns ton, General Bu-hro.1 It 2-11
Johnson. General Edward S
Johnson. Andrew, President
Johnson, Furl, In Charleston Hnrl or. 21
J oh ns' hi. Cloorgo W
Johnson, Fort, at Macon, N. C
J.iUeB.Colonel. 20(/i 3fa'tachuittf V-t
Jonea, William Hemphill, aent to Sob
Orleans, ns ppecinl agenl of Ihe L". fi
Tr.iu.iiry Department .,
Joncit, Lieiiienunt Rnj^cr
Jones, Llouteoaut J. C
Jones. Colonel Edward F
Jonea, Genu nil D. It ,
Jones, Dnvid
Jones, H.iiiTal J. K. .
Jordan. Colnn-l J N
Jordon, Colonel Tliomna
K.
Katithdili, U. S. Sir
Kane, T. I,., Lieulonunl.Colonel. Petiu.
svlvunm Bucklnil Itilles
JKn",TJ. S. Sir
K.ini], Miiraliul 01 ;
lianc, Colonul
Kearny, General Phil.. 311; 313; 310;
353; 301:307; 333
Keyes. General Erosmua D., 103; 309;
31B
Kenly. Jolm B., Sketch of
KinntbM.U. S.Sir 01;
Kennon, Buverly, Co plain of ilio C. S,
Sir. Qattrner Mvorc 203 ;
liing. Itulus, Skcnli of 307 ;
Kimlmll, Colonel, 14IA Indiana Voliin-
KtUati'tny. V. S. Str
Kecnan. Mrs. Henrietta
Kccnnn. Colonel AugoHus 11
Kempor, General J. L
Karl 10 to WD, Battle o[
L.
Ladd, Lather C
La fay ell i\ Fori, Now York Harbor
Lamar, Colonel
Lauisoo. Lieulenanl, U. S. S. Kiltatinng.
Lanar.V. S. Sir
Lane, James Henry
Lordlier, J. L" Captain, P. 8. 8. Suinue-
lianaa 177;
Lanmnn. Colonel, 7f/i lira Rtgimml...
Lender. General Frederick 'A'., 97, 143;
203
Lauion, Colonel
LanctuUr, jVo, 3, Confederate Rom
l.awton. General Alexander R 381;
Znncitter, U. S. Str
Lee, General Ituherl E,, 101 ; 135 ; 321 ;
:157; 3I-1 -■
Legal- tender notes or tlio D, S
Lee, Stephen D., lellor to MBJor Ander-
Lee. Colonel W. Ilaymonrt
Lee, S. P . Comiuandor. U. 8. S. Onrida.
U*abnrp. Rattle of --
Leusrts, Marslmll. Sketch of his 1 fe
Lennoi, Colonel, of Florida
Letcher, Jolm. Governor of Virginia. ...
Lexington, Siege and Bnltlo of
Lexington, U, S. Str .171 ;
Lehman, Colonel SI. TL, 103d Ptnn
$jjlcania Vrfuntttn
Lincoln. Abraham, elected President of
the Colted Stales ; voles cast ot the
election of ; Raymond's life of. 13 . )■!•
journey from Springfield to Wo thing-
ton ; new* of Ins election In the Smth.
10 ; members of his Cabinet. IS ; Cap-
lain of the Illinois Volunteers in tbs
Black Hawk war 40;. 117;
LiWe R'btl. Confederate Ram
Loans, Popular, at (he North ami Suulh
Logon' Colonel John A..3l*f /ffi'nuu Vat-
vnUerl 171;
Logan's Cross Hoods, Battle of.
Longsut-ei, liencnl James. 105; 313;
349; 313 ; 301 ; 305; 383; 3S-5
Lovell, Genenl Mansfield 801 ;
Lowe, oi-Uoverimr E. I. ,ol Maryland..
Lowe, Colunel
I"wery, Lkuteui.nl II. B.. of the V. S.
Str. dears* Piobats ■■
IjioIsihub. Date ": S, c.-^lon
UuiaiannHegimonl, Eleventh ...
Louintttt, U. 8. Gvntoal... .350:300;
Lyon. General Nathaniel 113 ; 111:
Lyons, Colonel, of the 8tll Regiment N
Y.S.M
Lynch, Colonel. 58W ltinvi* Volunteer!.
Lynch, John R ... -..
Lynch. Lieutenant W. F
Lytilo, Colonel William Haines
131
Mnrehesd City. X. C . Occupation of... 2
ifantietUo, D. S. Sir 1
Mohican, 0. S. Str I
Morion. Colonel Thomas 2
Morris, Captain, of Hie J. 3. S. Pen-
Morris, General T. A...
Morrison, General William 2
Morrison. Lieutenant-Colonel, olilio 79th
N. Y. S.M 3
Morrison, Colonel. 40th lllinvit Valua-
tor* S
Morley. Captain, of Ihe Z-infcr 2'
Morgan. Fort
Murgnu. John II 3
mil. General p. W. 8
■.-ia.-ippi ll.grtneuls: Elghiecolh. j40 ;
'.■nil.. HI
Thirti
M.
Manaua., C. S. Sienm Ham, Captain
Wardley 207
Mscon, Fori. Capture of 260
Mu.'Miiil.. F.irt 214
Miilinnler, A. B., Jndg^ Advncali 43
Majrmder. Colonel .80 ; 117
Migrnder, General John B...3O0; 301 ; 305
UansSeld, General Joseph K. F., 215;
310; 301 3D9
Monsen, Colonel M. D .... £31
Mojilirjiiyl, Lieulennnt 1U3
Marsh, Colonel C.C .. 2C3
Maryland i.. Mnssaehusoits 70
Msnnariuke, General J. S 277
Mar^iall. Geneml Humph roy 217
Murks. Miijur 48
Murviiin.i Heights retaken by General
Williams 307
Martin, Colonel William F 121; 173
Miiriindale, General John H.... 311
Marshall, Colonel T. M 120
Mnrnton, Cnpinin Jolm, U. 8. 8. Cum-
berland HO
Mahone. General William 305
Mnh--.irlm~Ltl.-i Hf-iiu.iils ; Fifleeolh nml
Twentieth, 148, 140; Eighth, 07;
SiJLtl 55; 57
Malvern, Hill, Bntlloof 301
Maryland. U. S. Transport 09
Mn"u ..James Murmy.fkeich of his life. 155
Massachusetts Soldiers killed nt Ilnlii-
n.or.-, the funeral of. 70
iMiillury, Senator nml tVimmiiaioner from
Florida 45 ; 40
Miliary, Stephen R., Secretary of llto
Nnvf, Conterterato Slates 10
Maury, l.i. utcnont A.. 203
Mm well, Lieulennnt J nines Y 121
Manassas. Battles ot, 103 ; 141 ; 391 ; 333,
384; 385; 380 337
Mende, Lieutenant R. K.. abandons
Cestlo Pinckuey and occupies Fort
Sumter 21
Mneliimlcsville, Bnlthiot 357
.M-.rcer. Captain Sauiuel, £T. S. 3 Wiib.uk. 110
.Vrriinuct and Hie Mvml-sr, Bailie tic-
Moi.imlnger, Charles G., Secrelnry of
the Treasury, CoiilederntuSlnlps..lO; 141
Meade. General George G 301 ; 303
Ucaglior, General Thomas Francis. 353;
305 307
Memphis, Tcnm. Caplnroof 300
Miir-^ii.-lnir-.li-i Siiil. It.'ifiiiieiit ill New
York, 55 ; allocked In Ualtimmo 07
Jft(-riiii.K.(..C. ii federate Steam Ram. 245 ; 373
Merrill. Frank P., Commander-in-Chief
. f S 0 V 405
Miami.V S.Sir 2D3
MHrov. Gem-ral Robert fl 321 ; 3'^0
Mill S| ^. Unttloof 221
Miles. W. Porelier 30
M,l, " i oloncl Diion S 103
Mlot ot Now Orleans, Seinuroof 10
Mil. hull, urmsby McKnlght, Speech nt
,s.,i \..,k, 55; Sketch ..( 2J5 ; 243
Miiel.-ll. fnpioin. of the Ilirriti Lane. . B0I
Mississippi. Dele of Secession 18
Minnetoto. U. S. Str U0
Miller, Lleulenant-Colonel. 171
Miles, GcocrolD. H 3U3
Monroe. John T., Mayor of New Orleans. 301
Uaon neory. Colonel, 471A. JVeto TorA
Volunteer*. 177
.Mohr. Colonel. 2S(A Ohio Volunteer:... 135
Moolltlo. Fort. Evacuation of, 111; 10;
Occupied by Colonel W. G. do Saus-
sure. 21 . After iho Bombardment
(rum Fort Sumter 42
Mower. Captain Joseph C 250
Monroe, Colonel Timothy 07
Hound City, U. 8. 8 360
iro:nr-
Tienaury I
Ninth Connecticut Vnliinleers 2:
Ninth Now Jersey Volunteers 2i
Ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers 1!
Nicholson, J. W. A., Captain, V. S. 8.
Vandalia 1'
Nichols, Lieatonanl, IT. & 3. Winona.. Si
"jVo. 200 {Atab-imit). Confederate Pri-
vateer, Captain Semmes 300; 41
Nlnety-s'ulh New York Volunteers,
Colonel Fairman 8-
Ninth Illinois Volunteers, Mojor Phil.
lips II
North Carolina, Dato of Secession, 18 ;
Operations along (he Coast of- II
4iS
Ninth New Jareaj Vnlunlp.m. gurpMin
Wolhr 20
Noble*, William iI.,Licntuiiuui.Coloiiel.
7014 jV*" York, PWiinlMM 17
Nye, Ci.puln, of the 6'% o/iVetf I"*. 20
Ni.rf.ilk. Fort (old) 311
Xinili lining Volunteer*, Colonel Kid.. . IT
Norfolk, Occupation o( 81'
o.
II.,,' Hundred and First Pennsylvania
Itegi.n.m. Colonel Wilton 3-11
line Hundred "uJ Third Pennsylvania
llegi Hi. Coloool Lehman 841
Una flniiilrel and Fourth Pennsylvania
Regiment, Colonel Davis.. 84,1
O'Connor, Sergeant , 13j
Onk Hill, ttHttluof 3S0
Ord, General B. 0. C I'JU
Or, JnnicaL.,Camiiiiuiorjorfroni South
Caroline lo Washington 21
Ottiita, U. S. Sir 177
lhil-.n., Colonel, 81*t Indiana Regiment. 2"
Ud.-rl.ini-, Colonel Peter J 249; 251
Ox Hill, Banks ol.. 380
Oiensw, U. S. Sir 203
Onrftta, U. S. Sir 293
P.
Paderah, Ky., Capture of. 100
Piiiuo, General K. O 250 j 857; 2:7
I'aine, Colonel. 4M WittOHtia Volunteers. 29J
Palmer. General J. M 258 ; 277
1'id r.GenuralJ. U 341 ; 840
Palmetto Flag 10; 21
I'rtrroll, Commander E. G., U. S. S.
Avgiuta 177; 211
Pnrke, General John G 201 ; 203; 200
PiiMtl, William 01
Palter* General Robert, 01 ; 03 ; 105 ;
113 101
Pumu,XS. S. Sir., 110; 121 ; 1T7; SOI ; 203
Paulding, Captain, -if iliu SI. Lou,; 01 ; 22a
Paulding, Lieutenant .243; 200
Pennsylvania "Buokmil " RMoh mil
Ptuhtylamia, U. S. Mrtn-of-Wur 01
Pennsylvania lloiindlie.itls, Colonel
CliTlBt 1T7
Pennsylvania Reserves, Colonel Sim.
mnna 36L
Pea Ridge, Bait In of 210
IVulmily, Colonel Everett. ISfA Wmurt
Jifnimtnt 120; 200
Pock, OunumlJolin James 313; 317
V, (jm.ni. Colon ol Julm 03
Pembina, U. S. Sir.. Co mm under Bnnk-
lli-nd 177 ; 240
Ponsicola ITnrbor 43
PeuvieMu. U. S. Sir 303
Pendergost, Lieutenant 2-15
Penguin, U. S. Sir.. Captain Bod.l 177
People, Tils uprising of the 51
Perry, Golouol Jumra H.,48i/i Sew York
Volunteer* 177; 285
Perkins, Lieutenant George II 301
Pettlgrew, Colonel J. J., sciios Castle
I'inckni'}- and unfurl* Iliu first Pal.
imllo ting raised upon ft national fort-
ification 21; 3-53
Peltll, Captain 3U1
Plmlna, General James W 203
Phelps, Commander S. I, 2,17
Phelps, Captain, of the U. S. Sir. Cona-
teg " " 103
S"> " " 177:285
A'1' " ' 177
lllh " " 345; 3-10
MARYLAND.
1st ..eglment Infantry 108
MASSACHUSETTS.
1st Regiment [afaniry.108 j 105; 311 ■ 313
M " " 331
M " ' 80
BU> " " 103
""* " *' 54, 55; 67, 68,
80, 00 ; CO ; 71 ;
78,70; 85 177
349
...57; 09; 71;
148. 149;
148, 14V;
.177; 201; 207;
t Regiment Infuniry
MINNESOTA,
la! Regiment Infan'.ry.l33 ; 108;
1st Regiment Infantry
3d " ■'
■*'!' " " 2M:
3th ■■ '■
4th ■■ ■■
I7lb " ■'
EOth ■■ •■
!8ib ■■ ■■ '.'.'.'.',',..'.'.'.'.'..'.
BnrWnVs Regiment
MISSOURI.
1st Regiment Artillery
1st " Cavalry
4lb " "
Rntvcn'a Missouri "
1mi Regiment Infantry.. 113 ;
M " " 117;
3d ■■ ••
4th " " 157:
120; 225; 3-11;
243 ; 26-5
225;
-130; 2-10; 203;
Ml)
St. L-.uis Sharpshooters
NEW YORK,
1 Regiment Infutry
INDEX TO HISTORICAL MATTEk.
Infa
•■•>
.67
103
.10)
105
103
I'-
ll
34
103;
108:
2.1th Jt-jjiincol Infaolry 331
COlli
103; 104; 10"..
108; 227
70.1)
...GT; 83; 103;
TIst
73d
7fltli
103: 108; 100;
137;1S0; 177;
tad
bUth "
201;
92d
... ST,.
09ib
1001b
345;
H. Y Garibaldi il
...1
VaritDiN. V,
Italn-rt
■SleotK-D" Vn
...83; S3; 69:
Barvfclna'a Xm
05:
Ellsworth's Fir
•la
nave
■ (N.Y. Eleventh
Kpgl)
78
74-75 ; 70 : 77 ; 79 ■
•Billy- Vt'ltsoou
Sli
li N. Y. Hegt,
Zouaves . . .
....80; 81; 85;
Di.ryes's Znunt
...88; 811; 91:
OthN. Y.Zoua
Hawkins a . ....65;
(llh N, V. Zoua
Vilson's.SO; 81: 85;
N. Y. Engine.,
N. Y. Volume,.
r E
'Bin
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
2d Hngimcnt lofaotrj 103. 105; 177;
All 313
3d " •' 177:337
■Mi " '■ ... 177; £85
oil. ■■ •■ au?
0th ■• 201 ; 300
NORTH CAROLINA.
Stli Regiment Infantry 317
7th " 131
17ll. " 201
fllsl " 301
Fiabar'a Regiment 103
Gordon's North Carolion Cavulry. 199
NEBRASKA.
1st Rojrimoot Infantry 341 ; 205
NEW JERSEY.
:-i It- _• -I- ...... . 337
1st Regiment Infantry 1U3
2d " " 103
3d " " .. 103
4.1. - - 103
fill. - • 318
Oil. •• •• 313
7th ■• •' 313
8th " ■' 313
6-.li •' •• 301
OHIO.
let Regiment Artillery 273
Burnett's Ruglmnnt Artillery 85
Mann's Regiment Light Artillery 209
Hoyden's Rugltnunt Light Artillery 240
1st Regiment Infantry.. .00 ; 01; 103; 273
0th
10th
..135; 321
185
85 ; 95 ; 0G ; 07 ;
100; 221
....85; 03; 05;
PENNSYLVANIA.
TEXAS.
Illi Ri-giment lofanlry. ....
Teian KnO|[i-re
VERMONT
!•( !i- i-iii-. -.: ti.".i.:-i
4>9
fticAuiW. O. S. Str. 293
Richmond. Vs.. Hall!.'* (..ught bel'.-o... S30
llick-llsa Rettery 148; 140
Kicketts, General Jau.es B , 383 ; 381 ;
OH,
Vnroul, r's '
1-. Kegim
VIRGINIA,
Cavalry,
•M.," Light Artillery .
Edward*'* Fifth Artillery..
Flflh Artillery. II. S.A....
Corinan. or South Carolina
• if I'ii. V Dalt.ry
o[ Allcutown. l*n.
. . 199 ; 329
79
•■Butkuil" Rifles
Logan Guard, of Lew Is ton. Pa
.Vn!.......: Light Infanlrv. of Po'.tavllle
Pa
Pcnnsylnuilo Reserve. . .
Pennsylvania " Roundheads"
Ringgold Ligbt Artillery, of Potuvllle
Pa
Washington Artillery, nl Potisr.lle. 1'n
Oib Regiment Cavalry
Bill " "
RHODE ISLAND.
1st Regiment Infantry 87
3.i " " 103
.14 " - 177
4lh '■ " 135; 201; 209
Sib " '• .301
2.1 Itlimlu IbIbdiI R..glment Artillery
8d K.giment Artiltory .385
Rhode Island Marlnu Artillery
li.li. 1. "a Rhode Island Battery
11 ng's Rhode Island BalU-ry
SOUTH CAROLINA.
3d Ui-glment Infantry
4lh " "
811. " "
aitb •■ "
TENNESSEE.
2.1 Regiment Infantry
3d " " ...108
10th - " 225
177
109
.■-.:
237
."I Soull. Carolina
Peckbom'a Bellorj 11
Reynolda'a " ... 11
Ithiilo Inland Marino
Richmond (Vn.] Howitzer B.iltallon .
Itlck. tt"B Ilotn-ry
Ringgold L A .of Reading. Pn
Srcnod Rhodu I-1-.od ...... li
ShleldVs Battery ].
Tollen'a " 113: 13.'.. 2
Vniian'sNuw York Battery. 103: 1'
Wogliinglna. nf Pattavillc, Pa...
Washington, of Souih Camlina
CAVALRY,
Bo rd tali's Cavalry .05; !
First Illinois Ca>alry 1!
Floyd's Cavalry of Oeorgia i
()..veiunr's llnreo Guard", o[ On I
Black Horse Cavalry • II
Rmlf-nls "■ II
U. S. Dragoons. |
lot O. S Cavalry 3;
2d ■' ■• lOi. 105; 2<
4th •' " 31
5th - ■■ 3-,:); 3C
3d C. S. Infantry ...40; I;
Kith " " , .2/
IClh - " 40; 135; 2
19th •' •• 3'
Reno, General Jusfo L., 301 : 30.7 ; 2fi0 ;
391 ;|;
Iteoshaw. Commander W. B . . .48 ; HI
IW.orloivo, Hcsdo,uarlerH ..f General
MtClellan at
Reruns*. Captain. U. S S. Wtttfltld . . "
Kcnshaw. l.iKuiroant P. B 4
Reynolds, Geoeruljnsepb J 135 ; &
Rev nohla. General J. E. 1UU : X
Kij.Rnps, F-.rtr.-w Monroe U
ltb-dc Island Roller/ 148 ; U
It Lode lalaod Voluntcenl. f
Rich M.-jnla.n. I'attl.. of (
Rid.. Rlchnorih. ■ ..I...-.1 W. Jftina
Vvtuatem 1 ;
Richardsno, General Israel B..811 : 317 ; 3(
Riley, Colonel. 40(A Nev, York Petu"-
.:■.>-; .
. 401
H-nj-gold. Captain, V. is. 8, H-vtne .
Richmond, U S. Uunhoat 878 .
R"Dcka Islaud. Capturuef r ■ i
;;..-. Colon-). U.f Wmtrit 1 .J
tort 257
tloho'lson. Ocoerol llcverly 883
11 -Jj.-rv Coaioiaiidvr J?Iio, U. S, Sir,
I".,;
l: ■:,:■ !■* t ..,.! r
170
Ilodit.
Hog
. Oene
. Captai
.."(/. ,
John. U.S.& i>0>
3*1:393
R"(Kr". Coiiuondpro C. P. 1I" U. & D.
01 . 177:380
Roland. Colonel gjg
nicy. Eogapmiut at Si
..... .\ It ]rt
Rosa, William E. \V" Senior Vi,..i
■in-lhl.t. .1 ,\. li . IQB
Ross. Colonel. I'/.'. .V. .) )'..fi [-..,-., .
<•"' -aa
t- a. Rudolph. Colonel. 40M AVis i'vrk
Rosecrant. Geceml \V. S 9: ; 13.1
Rowan, Stephen C. Cn|itnln. /;. H. .■).
...119; 121 . .■■■!. ..■'.
loy. 11. T" O .1 /.' 1-1 & V. V.. 40.1
Mi of 2Ju
II
Kuggl
Ituggl
. 3N.I I
. I- .
tuntbu, ijl . 308 I
liussel . Colonel. Kih Venture 171
Run). hi. Fort ias
Rutledgo. MoatL-aaot 48
S.
Snbint.V.S. Erigatu.f'aplaln Adnn.a.luS ; I7li
.ndfotd, M-..j...-0.n.r:.l M
Si I is Regiment, Fourth. ..... 1.17
S-.mla Rosa Island, Laoillng ■■( r. .1 olorco-
inwoo, 40; OperotionB iienr. IB,',
Sand". Commodore |)|
S.MH-inc. Colonel W. G. do 81
B1XW.0. General Ruins , JJ.j
Ua"?i" 'inn 1 1=1
ton Jacinto V. S. Frigate IBS
- - ■ "-' ■■ 107
- . - .-0. Haul., of 307; 301
'■ ■ ■>■ Oonorol Riiherl C 91 ; 839
SilnrOVr. Colonel Frvderlcb . . .n
Schneider. Captoin ... 136
s™i "n. Colonel E. P ;JUI
.. W|"B,-1.I. G-neral 10; 03 . U'.
Set-la, U. S. Str .... 203
Sterett. Colonel. Dili Snath I... lioa
lteulmeni 100
Secession of Iho Confederate Suivx,
Dale* or |8
> t*"ioi ., Bmiioof sau
Second Maine Volunteers, C-lon.-I
Jameson 10t
Sedgnkk. GenoralJnhn... .811; 817; 801
Segur. Mies. 10,
Second Rnll Run. Battle of. flul : 881
S. iiiiii. i. Captain Rsphacl 401
R-lduaMk, C"P[,,in 230
a, U. S Str . Cormiiandct Amman. 17J
Seward, Wlltinm II . S^retnry ..r State.
'8 iv.
Stmlndt, 1). S. Sir . Commandi-rtlilli. >■ I7f
S... mii. ..11. ih N.-.r Voik RlL-.m.i.i
!■?■■': 17' 337
Seventh Kentucky Regiment, Colonel
M"Heury 241
Snveuih Reglm*m, N. O. S N Y 57
Seventh Conaecticnt R-gimroi, Colonel
Terry 177
Seventh Indiana II. film, nt 100
Seventh Iona Regiment ,., 171
ove nth Michigan Reg I nt Ms
l.arpahu.B. Bsuloof m\ ; 307
hutv. Colonel II. M o0|
Sh"ckulf..rd, Culoarl, 25fA KtntviJ.y
Htgimmi 241
Shenandoah Valley, op.. ration* In the.. 3|[i (
Sbepley, Gcnoral Geor(n> F 30 1 . 80.1
Sherman. General T \V .. 177. 189 ■ 2T3 '
Seventy- fieri. New York K-ftiment. Col*
"■' Voshorg 67
Shnman. Oeo.-ml William T.. 103,
211. 333; 365; -'00 271
Slillnb Baiileof 3*3
Shiploy. Lleuti-nanl 1JJ
Shlelda. Gentral Jom.-a 310 ; 333
Siitli Kcw York Regiment, t'.,l- -..-i
PlDcknay . . r.j
Sieilce, General Danhl E ...129; UU 307
420
Siilh South Carolina Rcglm-nt, Colonel
Sucrest
Slgel, General Franz, 11Bj116;1S1:
249; 251 ; 8J53..
Simmons. Colonel 8. (."., PtiuuyUanui
Sixth Connecticut Volunteer*. Colonel J.
Uuatfleld 177
SUlli MummLiumsiM Vulunn-ere. 55; 60,
Si"y-oioili Nmv York Keglmuni, 104 ;
227
Sixsy.alith Illinois Sharpshooter*
Shweuoldfng Stales 13
Summer. Lieutenant Adam J., 43 ;
Sketch of liia lib *a\ lir>
Sixth Micbiuuu Regiment. Colonel Cor-
tina*. - 293
Slid-ll. John, Sketch fiMiht llfo I5S
Slocum, General Henry Warner- . 105 ; 357
Saujrbtcr a Mountain, HaHle of 331
Sinnlla, Robert. Pllol 241
Small-. John, Engineer... 244
Smith, Colonel T Kllby 277
Siuith Culon B., Secretary of iliu Inte-
rior IS
Smith. Colonel W. S 133
Smith. Li- utenanl A. K., U. S. 8. Wit-
la/tickon. 203
Smith, Captain M.. of tli- U. S. S. JBi"-
nutippi 203
Smill,, General Kirby 101
Smith. General William F. . .149 ; 309; 311
Sn.ib. Oeneral Charles F., 171 ; 225;
2-13 203
Smith, Liuulonant Joaepli B... 245
Smith. C*lonel Morgan 1 243; 277
Smi.li, General U. W. . -34(1 ; 353 ; 301 ; 372
Snyder, Lleulanant, Engineers 3D
Soulo, Plorro 302
S.utLurn Commission 18; 21
SumL Mills, Capture o( 2G0
South Carolina, Dull: of Secession, IS;
Foria soiled hi. 21 ; Commissioner* of,
21 ; Demand Upon President Lincoln. 25
A.ulh Mountain, Battle ol 391; 397
Specie Puym. uts. Resumption of 143
Sprague, William, Governor of Rhode
laland 07
St. Leon, Fort 214
Si. Philip. Fori on Mississippi 10
St. LoaU, U.S. Sir Gl ; 225
State of Georgia, U. S. Sir 201
Star of tin JF"rf snt to tho rolief of
Fort Similar 23
Siarkn, General, killed ai Shnrpaburg. . 303
Stanley, Murcua Cicero, nt Fori Lufay-
,.IIB 173
Stauley. General D- S 257
S-ation-Hoas J Cell, in Washingto.i 233
Stahl, General ,. -129
Siatilon. Edwin M.. 293
sji.-e.-i, General. Confuttratt 129
S e diiian, Charles. Captain, U. S. S.
Biantillc 177
Siollivag.-n, Commander, of the Adelaide. 110
SlembV, Captain C, of (ho Cincinnati,
225 2-13
Si umbel I. Captain, of Urn £7. S. Gunboat
Lexington, 171
SlephuriH, Alomndurll. 10
Stephenson, Captain, of tho C.& S. War-
rior 203
Stevens, General Isaac 1.. 177:334; 337; 3S0
Snwenif. Lieutenant, V. S. S. Ptieate. . 177
Seymour. Captain T 10
Sinru'i- G nernl Samuel Davis 3 '.1
S.,,.jiu. U. S.Sir 4!
Stringliaill, Silas 11 . . ..101 ; 110 . 121 ; 129
Strickland, Lee, Colonel. Hi* Miimt
ILgimtnt . . , 177
Sin... Fleet. Tuo 231
(jbtutuatt Jackion, C. S. Sir 203
Stone, General Charles P.... 14S; 152; 1TJ
Stonenmn. General George 311; 305
iiiuatt, General J. E.B. 100; 353; 38-5; 301
Sullivan, Algernon B., at Fori Lafay-
Soiuuor, Edwin Voso, 311 ; 317; 353;
339 391
Sons ofVeleraus 405
Summers. Judge - 302
Baxpubtana.XS, S. Sir 177; 813
Sunilcr, Fort, 10; 19, 20; raising tbe
flngou, 30; Shir of the Wett sent to
its relief. 22 ; bombardment of. 37 ;
Hag of, 39 ; the detenu) of, 42 ; after
the bombardment. 42
Sub-Tre-aury in Sew York City 141
S 11b. Treasury In St. Louis 157
'■ Swamp Devil*," The 97
Sewali's rVnt 143
Sweeney, General T. W 203
Supply. U. S. Sir 48
"(mBT.Oonf"derni"Criilior 155; 809
Syko-. H.nonl George 1U6
INDEX TO HISTORICAL MATTER.
SfkWa Regular* 357
BuiUtrland, V. 5. Rani 309
T.
Taggerl. J. H., Colonel ... 199
Talbot, Lieu tenant Theodore 23:37
Teliaferiv, August, General bl ; 383.384
Tammany Regiment 148
Tnppcn, C-lonel 171
Tausall, Rolmrt, ai Ft Lafayette. 173
inhle, Ueneral. Confederate 329
Tatnnll, Josiah, Commodore 181:319
ay lor, Thomas, Colonel, laf Xmluetg
Regiment 109
Taylor, Captain Jeue 227
Taylor, Cajita in Exra 171
Telegraph, U. S. Military 152
lessee, TJnlu of S> cession IS
Tonuewoo Kegitni'iils : IJJih. 21al, 22.1.. 171
Terry. Clonal Allrrd Halve 235
erry. A. II , C..I1.111-I. ",th CoanecticU
Btgimtnl 177
Tiirnoy. Gabriel 244
TiSXUB, llolu of "ece?aion 13
Tliirty-seeoud Indiana Volunteers, Colo-
nel Willich 273
Thirty eighth New York Volunteer*.
Colonel Ward 313
Thirteunlli Missouri Regiment, Colonel
Peabo ly 120 ; 2C3
Tnttnty.elgbth Ohio Volunteer?, C"lu-
nelMollr 135
Thirty-first lllnola Volunteer*, Colonel
John A. Logan 171 ; 241
Thirty-Brat Maaaacliuet'Llj Voluutuera,
Colonel Honrtlug 203
Tenili Alabama Itogliuonl, Colonel For-
ney 109
Thirtieth llllnoia Volunteers, Colonel
Fooko 171
Third Now Hampshire Volunteer.). Colo-
nel Fellows 177
Third Connecticut Volunteers, Colonel
Chaiucld 104 ; 28-5
Thirtieth MaaaaelinBelU Volunteers.
Colonel Dudley 203
TnoniBB, General Bryan M 335
Thirty-Ural Indiana Regiment 241
Tluiiinia, General George H" 101 ; 221 ;
371; 277 279
Thompson, Fori 218, 210
Thompson, General Jeff. 157; 253
Tllghman, Lloyd, General 225; 227
Tompkins. Colonel 07
Townsend, Colonel Z. D 89
Toombs, Robert, Secretary of Slans.
C. S.A 19
Tuttle, Coloueljamca M 203
Twigga, General David 10
Trent, U. B. M. Str. 151
Tgler.V. S. Gu.dU.BI., 109; 171; ;79 ;
225; 243; 250; 257: 373 331
Tyler. I). H 01
Tyler, Daniel. General 103
Tyler, General E. B 319; 320; 333
Twelfth New Y'ork Regiment, Colonel
lluiti-rlirlil 57
Trimble, Coiouel 383
Tweulliih New York Volunteer*, Colonel
Treasury Noli* 1
Troops, Mustering o(
Twelfth Illinois Vnluutccra, Colonel Mc-
Artbur 1
Toney, UogiT B. , Chief-lnstite
Twenty-Oral Indiana Regiment, C'.ilon.l
UcMtllen 2
'i'w.-niy soeont'i Ullunia Regiment, Colo-
nel Buford 1
Twenty .second Illinois Regiment, Colo-
nel Dougherty 171 ; 1
Twenty-sixth M 11 rrari insults Regiment,
Colonel Jones 2
Twenty. fifth Kentui-ky Regiment, Colo-
nel Slnick.lford S
V.
Unadiltt.M. S. Sir.. Commander Collins. 1
Uu-UBen, U. S. Tug
Uprising of the People. The
II. S. Arsenal at Harper's Ferry. Tho
burning of
U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis
U. S. Giiiiiw.st C'lrondtltt, Fight with
Confederate Ram Arkantai. 3
U. S. Steamer Adelaide 110 ; 1
jldolpn Ttugel 2
AM
AlicvPrlc* 2
Ala. Scott 1
^ftiali'e
.40 : 1-.
Mound City..,. 309
.... 177
Niagura 137
/Jnsofcljp. 45:
135;
.... 305
Kurwidi,. 2S9
Cairo
.... 368
Ohio 209
Chroade/Vf 171
225;
OWiier K Lee 203
243; 250; 857; 369
373; 381
Oneula 203
395;
207; 301
.... 305
Urvetta B9K
HH0 ; 373
CduoJ .V"i* York...
.... 201
i*a(u"( 205: 200
157
Ctineh 30
203 ; 207
::■:■■
CWorodo . 135 ; 295
301 . 30.1
•■ /'eiuncola 203
tXiiitsloga.
-... 10"
.177; 245
Cammodeirt Harney
... . 2U1
Plnladrijihia 305
201
100; 39J
... 2U8
Crusader
135
110; 243
Curlia,
Pribli OS
Pfooltr. 344
.... 317
209
Pocalionlas 177; 17o ; 181
100; 209
Emprtt]
157
.PorjioisE 13D
.... 257
Pounafan., 4J
Queen 0/ ffie It-erf 8G0
&.'c*w.i
240
Honoer 201
£s.of 3
Yuleo, Seualor 11 ml ConimiHiioner, from
Florida.
Young. Franci"U .Aiiiii-Qunrtenua-ler 1
raniee.V. S Str
Zagonyi, Major Chnrlea
Zeoloy, Lien tenant
Kcillioiffer, General Folii K 221 ; :
Zouaves, The .
Zouaves, Tim " Billy" Wilson. 80; 81; 85;
Zouaees, Dnryea'a 88 ; 80; 01; I
Znunves, American
Zouaves, EllEivorlh's Fire, 73 ; 74-75;
78; 77; 70
Zouaves, JTawhlns'l, 65 ; !
Zouaves, tllh Indiana Regiment. 85 :
8tl; 87; 82; 225; 237; 841; 243;
CHRONOLOGICAL
LIST OF EVENTS
(1860-1863)
AND
MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS.
COMPILED AND ARRANGED
BY
T. CAMPBELL-COPELAND,
Editor of " Modern Military Maxims," etc., etc.
FROM "OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE FEDERAL AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES;" THE " REBEL-
LION RECORD ;"" PHISTERER'S STATISTICAL RECORD," ■■ IIAMERSLEYS ARMY REGISTER;" THE
•OFFICIAL ARMS' REGISTER;" STATISTICAL VOLUMES AND PAMPHLETS OF THE DEPARTMENT
OF THE INTERIOR; "THE ANNUAL CYCLOPAEDIA;" "TWENTY YEARS OF CONGRESS," AND SUCH
OTHER THOROUGHLY RELIABLE BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS AS HAVE BEEN MADE AVAILABLE
Entered, according (o Ac( of Congress, in Inn year one thousand clghl hundred and eighty-five, by
The 1. H. BaoWN Publishinc Cohpanv.
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, ar Washington.
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